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Results for “THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST”

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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Lightning-strike disaster among children.

Thirty-eight children playing or observing a soccer game were the victims of a lightning strike which killed one other child. Interviews with the children and their families documented a number of emotional effects of this disaster, chiefly situational adjustment reactions. The most common reactions involved anxiety, particularly at times of storms. However, the most severely upset children exhibited sleep disturbances, separation anxiety, and nocturnal enuresis. One of two side-flash victims experienced depression for several months; the other experienced no significant emotional upset. Both suffered medical complications and had no memory for the incident. While all children reached at follow-up were doing quite well, those who were most upset by the incident were more likely to refuse to play soccer during the follow-up interval. Stories told to pictures of lightning revealed projections of the children's emotional upset, various defensive reactions to the incident and an increased sense of subjective probability for lightning injuries.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Developmental history and object relations in psychiatrically disturbed adolescent girls.

This study explored empirically the relationship between developmental history variables and several dimensions of object relations in a sample of 36 female adolescent inpatients. The results document the importance of preoedipal experience, the relationship with the mother, and continuity of attachments in shaping object relations. In addition, the data point to the importance of distinguishing different dimensions of object relations, such as the affective quality of the object world and the logic and accuracy of attributions, which may have different developmental correlates. The findings also suggest the impact of sexual abuse, typically a postoedipal experience, on enduring object-relational processes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Narcissism and empathy in steroid users.

OBJECTIVE: In an effort to begin to construct a psychological profile of anabolic steroid users, the authors compared weight lifters and bodybuilders who did or did not use anabolic steroids on an objective measure of narcissism and on clinical ratings of empathy. METHOD: The subjects were 16 weight lifters and bodybuilders who reported that they had used anabolic steroids within the past year and a comparison group of 20 weight lifters who had not used steroids. The Narcissistic Personality Inventory and clinical ratings of empathy were used to assess narcissism. RESULTS: Steroid users had significantly higher scores on dimensions of pathological narcissism and significantly lower scores on clinical ratings of empathy. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results document a relationship between anabolic steroid use and narcissistic personality traits. They also indicate the need for further research to determine whether narcissistic personality traits contribute to the initiation of anabolic steroid use or result from their use.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Indirect treatment of traumatic psychological experiences: the use of TAT cards.

An indirect therapeutic intervention using TAT cards in the treatment of a 13-year-old boy, who had accidentally killed a younger relative seven years ago, is described. Using a dialectical approach, the cotherapists presented contrasting TAT stories in an attempt to reflect the boy's inner conflicts, ambivalencies, and distorted perceptions. This approach provided the boy with alternate and more positive ways of perceiving and dealing with reality and enable him to relate to and cope with the taboo topic of the traumatic incident in a relatively short time. It is suggested that the use of this approach in highly sensitive situations, where considerable caution is warranted, should be explored with various age groups.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Six cases of patients with mental retardation who have antisocial personality disorder.

Evidence that antisocial personality disorder occurs in association with mental retardation is presented through case reports of six mildly to moderately retarded men who received a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder. The men were identified when referred by care providers for more thorough psychological and psychiatric assessments. Their histories were marked by thefts, rapes, multiple assaults, arson, and other predatory acts; a lack of remorse for such actions; criminal charges; and predisposing factors such as an impoverished family. Only one man had received the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder before the assessments, suggesting that clinicians are reluctant to find sociopathic behavior clinically significant in the presence of mental retardation.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Levels of interpersonal complementarity: a simplex representation.

The relations among different measures of interpersonal behavior and complementarity across level were examined in one session of a sample of therapy dyads (N = 26) and in an interaction between college students (N = 108). Four levels of complementarity, trait, aggregate situation, behavioral interchanges, and behavioral interchanges with base rates removed were examined as they covaried among themselves and with interaction evaluations. The four levels of complementarity were found to be fit by a simplex structure, and this structure was related to interaction evaluation in both samples. The complementarity-evaluation relation was mediated by base-rate-corrected complementarity. Implications relative to the operationalization of complementarity are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Theory of mind and central coherence in adults with high-functioning autism or Asperger syndrome.

The study investigated theory of mind and central coherence abilities in adults with high-functioning autism (HFA) or Asperger syndrome (AS) using naturalistic tasks. Twenty adults with HFA/AS correctly answered significantly fewer theory of mind questions than 20 controls on a forced-choice response task. On a narrative task, there were no differences in the proportion of mental state words between the two groups, although the participants with HFA/AS were less inclined to provide explanations for characters' mental states. No between-group differences existed on the central coherence questions of the forced-choice response task, and the participants with HFA/AS included an equivalent proportion of explanations for non-mental state phenomena in their narratives as did controls. These results support the theory of mind deficit account of autism spectrum disorders, and suggest that difficulties in mental state attribution cannot be exclusively attributed to weak central coherence.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reciprocity for patients with head and neck cancer participating in an instrument development project.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To examine reciprocity (i.e., a mutual exchange of benefit) in study participation via a thematic analysis of field notes on study participation from a parent psychometric study. DESIGN: Qualitative. SETTING: Head and neck surgery clinic in an urban tertiary hospital. SAMPLE: Seven patients with head and neck cancer recruited to participate in an instrument development project. METHODS: Symbolic interactionism was employed to frame the examination of field notes from observations and interactions with patients, as well as participant notes accompanying returned retest questionnaires. Analysis relied on the constant comparative technique at the levels of open and axial coding. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Participation in an instrument development project. FINDINGS: Four content themes emerged in the analysis: Willingness to Help, Reassurance That the Deficits Patients Experience Are Common, Participation Provides Social Contact, and Confirmation of Clinically Significant Findings. A process theme, Unveiling the Experience, integrated the content themes in relation to participation itself. The role of the study nurse appears to be pivotal in this process. CONCLUSIONS: A notion of reciprocity in research participation is apparent. The role of the study nurse is an important element in the process of reciprocity. This role should be explored to enhance study participation. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Implications, particularly for clinical trial nurses, include recasting the benefits of participating in research, better addressing preparation for patients scheduled to receive treatment for head and neck cancer, and exploring and enhancing the role of the study nurse.

Clinical Nursing Research↗