Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “TAPEWORMS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[First discovery of Taenia saginata asiatica infection in Yunnan province].

AIM: To investigate the aetiology, species and epidemiological factors of Taenia infection in a pilot area of Lanping County, Yunnan Province. METHODS: Two patients with taeniasis were treated with antiscolex capsule and praziquantel, respectively. Five local weaning pigs free from tapeworm infection were fed with gravid proglottids obtained from the patients. After 2-3 months, the pigs were necropsied to examine cysticerci. In addition, one pig naturally infected with Taenia was treated as well. RESULTS: Based on morphological characteristics of the scolex and gravid proglottid of four tapeworms obtained from the patients, the worms were similar to T. saginata. 23 cysticerci recovered from two experimentally infected pigs were found in the livers, omentum majus and mesenterium, and 3 cysticerci were found in the liver and omentum majus in a naturally infected pig as well. The protoscolex of mature Cysticercus had two rows of rudimentary hooklets, one rostellum and four acetabula resembling to C. cellulosae. According to morphological characteristics and the location of cysticerci, the tapeworm was identified as Taenia saginata asiatia. CONCLUSION: T. saginata asiatica infection was first reported in Yunnan Province.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Influence of animal breeding manner on the occurence of internal parasites].

On the turn of July and August the prevalence and intensity of internal parasites of cattle, deer, and primitive Polish horses were estimated. It was determined, that all groups of animals were infected with parasites. The prevalence and intensity of infection were diversified and depended on the animal species, breed, age, and even sex. For instance, dairy cows of lowland black-and-white breed were six times stronger infected than Polish red breed, despite using the same pasture and the same cowshed. Nematodes and coccidia were present in calves using small, frequently wet, calf-runs and at heifers grazed on pasture since early spring. Their parasites were gastrointestinal nematodes and tapeworms. Mares were infected solely with strongylids, while the sucking foals--additionally with ascarid nematodes. Mares of primitive Polish horses were infected by hookworm strongylids, ascarids, and tapeworms while stallions harboured only toothed strongylids. The animals surveyed were infected chiefly with nematodes and to a considerably smaller degree with tapeworms and coccidia.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2006

[Ocular sparganosis in the Czech Republic--a case report].

The authors report a case of 14-year-old boy presented to the Ophthalmologic Department of University Hospital in Olomouc with the diagnosis af acute anterior uveitis. A living parasite has been detected in the anterior chamber in a slit lamp examination. The vitreous and retina remained uninvolved. The acute iridocyclitis associated with parasitic infection is a very rare cause of anterior uveitis in Central Europe. The patient underwent surgical removal of the parasite via paracentesis. The inflammation resolved under the treatment with atropine and dexamethasone drops within a few days. Histopathological examination revealed the parasite as a young larval stage of tapeworm from family Pseudophyllidea (sparganum). Based on the analysis of development cycles of different types of tapeworms and according the literature data on tapeworms found in the Czech Republic genus Spirometra seemed to be the most plausible cause of the patient's disease. As the most probable source of viable parasites authors suspect swallowed water containing tiny infected crustaceans in the dam near the town Olomouc in Moravia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Taeniasis-cysticercosis: an introduction.

Cysticercosis is caused by the establishment of Taenia solium larvae in the central nervous system, skeletal muscle and eyes of humans and pigs, after ingestion of eggs shed in human feces by the adult tapeworm. Human cysticercosis is increasingly recognized as a public health problem, especially in developing countries, and swine cysticercosis may be an important economic drain to the meat industry. The adult tapeworm is found only in human beings. Recent epidemiological data indicate that the presence of a tapeworm carrier in the close environment is a greater risk factor for acquiring cysticercosis than the spread of eggs through sewage.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Current status of food-borne parasitic zoonoses in the United States.

Although not a major public health problem, food-borne parasitic zoonoses in the United States are the cause of numerous diseases that occur widely in the population. The most common food-borne parasitic diseases in the United States are trichinosis, toxoplasmosis, taeniasis/cysticercosis, diphyllobothriasis, and anisakiasis. Since 1947, when the US Public Health Service began to record statistics on trichinosis cases in humans, the numbers of reported cases in the United States have declined markedly, from an average of about 400 with 10-15 deaths reported each year in the late 1940s, to an average of 57 per year with three deaths overall in the 5 years 1982-1986. Each year throughout the world, Toxoplasma gondii infects millions of persons, who contract it either by eating raw or poorly cooked meat from infected animals such as hogs or sheep or by ingesting soil contaminated with cat feces. In the United States between 400 and 10,000 infants are born each year with congenital toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmic encephalitis, marked by dementia and seizures, has become the most commonly recognized cause of central nervous system opportunistic infection in AIDS patients. Intestinal taeniid tapeworm infection acquired in the United States is almost entirely caused by Taenia saginata, the beef tapeworm. Neurocysticercosis, caused by larvae of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium, is diagnosed in hundreds of persons in the United States every year. Nearly all patients are immigrants or travelers from Mexico and other disease-endemic areas. Diphyllobothriasis and anisakiasis both have increased in recent years in association with increasing popularity of raw fish dishes. Adequate prevention and control of food-borne parasitic zoonoses require continued and improved programs to educate consumers, producers and medical practitioners.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Morphometric analysis of an Anoplocephala perfoliata population].

An Anoplocephala perfoliata population isolated from the caecum of a dead horse was analysed morphometrically. Besides the number of segments, length and width of strobila, the width of scolex and the last segment, in adult tapeworms the number of eggs per segment was counted. By the aid of these data the population was divided into 4 categories. The length of fixed tapeworms varied between 5.46 and 41.53 mm. There was an direct relation between length of the strobila and number of segments. Only 42 of 440 investigated tapeworms contained mature eggs in the uterus. The number of eggs varied between 125 and 4482. The beetle mite Scheloribates latipes could be infected successfully, 9 cysticercoids were isolated from their body cavity.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Host genetics as a cause of overdispersion of parasites among hosts: how general a phenomenon?

In the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus, the tapeworm Hymenolepis citelli occurs at low (2-3%) prevalence in the field. We found that mature infections (i.e., with egg production) developed in up to 100% of hosts. In the laboratory, a majority of hosts lost their infection by 28 days postintubation. In wild mice infected in the laboratory and returned to the field, infections were more prolonged, with half of the mice still infected at 100 days postintubation. A majority of previously infected hosts resisted challenge infection. Our introduction of laboratory-infected mice into a natural population of hosts appeared to cause infections among previously uninfected mice, leading to an increase in the prevalence of tapeworm infection among mice not intubated. Although genetically based expulsion of tapeworms before maturity is important in causing low prevalence in a similar host-parasite system, such resistance cannot explain low prevalence in the present system. It appears that both heterogeneous distribution and rarity of intermediate hosts as well as short parasite lifespan contribute to low prevalence and overdispersion. Host-parasite dynamics of 2 very similar systems appear to differ markedly.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Influence of 0.02 M EDTA and 3 M KCl on surface of Hymenolepis diminuta and composition of isolated proteins.

The glycocalyx of Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea) was isolated using 0.02 M EDTA or 3 M KCl. It was shown in the electron micrographs that 0.02 M EDTA did not damage the tapeworm plasma membrane, eliminating glycocylax only, in contrast to 3 M KCl which disrupted tegument up to the basal membrane. The protein analysis of extracts and the supernatant of homogenate of the whole tapeworm strobila by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS) electrophoresis revealed that the substance extracted with 3 M KCl was more abundant in protein fractions than the two remaining ones. The substance extracted with 0.02 EDTA, collecting the tapeworm glycocalyx possessed the smallest amount of protein fractions, however, some of them were more abundant.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in a Mexican village.

One hundred and twenty-four persons, nearly the entire population of a rural village in Hidalgo State, were screened for intestinal parasites and clinical or serologic (ELISA) evidence of Taenia solium cysticercosis. Heads of households were questioned about dietary and other practices that might lead to pork tapeworm transmission, and soil samples were examined for helminth eggs. Twenty-five percent of local pigs had cysticerci visible by examination of the undersurface of their tongues. Four persons passed taeniid eggs, 7 were seropositive, and 10 gave medical histories suggestive of neurodysticercosis. Most seropositive persons were not symptomatic and the reverse was also true. The clustered distribution of infected pigs, tapeworm carriers, and persons with serologic or clinical evidence of cysticercosis suggested intrahousehold transmission. Dietary and sanitary practices were generally optimal for transmission of pork tapeworm. No cattle were kept in the village and beef was rarely eaten. This preliminary report attempts to characterize T. solium transmission in communities with endemic disease in rural Mexico and illustrates some of the methodological problems faced by epidemiologists who study this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Biochemical effects of thiabendazole and cambendazole on Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda) in vivo.

An investigation of the chemotherapeutic and biochemical effects of two benzimidazole anthelmintics, thiabendazole (TBZ) and cambendazole (CBZ), on Hymenolepis diminuta in experimentally infected rats is reported. Thiabendazole was active against H. diminuta at a relatively high dosage. A single oral dose of TBZ at 250 mg/kg body weight on day 15 of infection eliminated 100% of the tapeworms as determined at necropsy 5 days after treatment. The chemotherapeutic actions of TBZ on H. diminuta were accompanied by marked changes in worm weight and chemical composition. Tapeworms recovered from rats that had received a therapeutically effective dose of TBZ 24 hr earlier were significantly smaller and contained much less glycogen (as a percent of the wet weight) than worms from unmedicated controls. Protein concentrations increased in TBZ-treated worms and at a rate sufficient to offset the decline in glycogen concentration. Glycogen/protein ratios in TBZ-treated worms were significantly lower than the corresponding control values. Cambendazole proved to be five times more potent than TBZ against H. diminuta and produced the same basic changes in worm weight and chemical composition within 18 hr of treatment of the host. Administration of a single oral dose of TBZ or CBZ to the host produced in H. diminuta another change, the onset of which coincided with, or preceded, the gross alterations in worm weight and chemical composition. That change, observed in in vitro studies carried out 14 hr after treatment, revealed that tapeworms from drug-treated rats absorbed and metabolized much smaller quantities of exogenous glucose than did the controls, and the ability of the worm to accumulate glucose against a concentration difference was significantly depressed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Therapeutic effect of paromomycin sulfate on the 13th case of Mesocestoides lineatus infection found in Japan].

Mesocestoides tapeworm is a common cestode in carnivorous mammals, but human infection with the tapeworm of this genus have been infrequent. We have recently observed the 13th case of human infection with Mesocestoides lineatus in Japan. A 35-year-old man living in Gifu prefecture was admitted to our University Hospital with chief complaints of general fatigue and discharge of cestode segments in his stool. The patient gave a history of drinking blood and eating the raw liver of a snake Agkistrodon halys for medicinal purposes as same as the previous cases of all reported in Japan. The segments were identified as those of M. lineatus. He was treated orally 3 g of paromomycin sulfate. Stool examination after treatment with paromomycin sulfate revealed no evidence of parasitism. The present case may be the 2nd to have been successfully treated with paramomycin sulfate and the 21st case of Mesocestoides tapeworm infection in man described in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Anoplocephala perfoliata in horses in Sweden: prevalence, infection levels and intestinal lesions.

Distal ileum, caecum and proximal colon of 470 horses were examined for helminths during 1 year at an abattoir in central Sweden. The infection levels of the horse tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata, their stage of development, site of attachment and gross pathological lesions caused by the worm were recorded. Faecal samples from 395 of the horses were examined specifically for tapeworm segments and eggs in order to correlate these findings with the numbers in the alimentary canal. In total 65% of the horses were infected with A. perfoliata and the mean intensity of infection was 79 worms per infected horse with a maximum of 912. The level of infection was significantly higher in (1) 3rd and 4th than in 1st and 2nd quarter of the year; (2) older horses than in yearlings; (3) females than in males and geldings; (4) thoroughbred and cold-blooded horses than in Swedish standard breeds and ponies. The level of infection was unaffected by the usage of anthelminthics against nematodes. Of the horses examined 51% had 1-100 worms whereas 14% were infected with more than 100 worms. Of the tapeworm positive horses 72% had mixed infections with both adult and juvenile worms, 20% solely juveniles, and 8% solely adults. The severity of intestinal lesions exacerbated by increasing numbers of A. perfoliata. About 11% of the intestines examined had severe lesions, but there was no history of acute abdominal distress in any of the horses included in this study. Although the number of detectable eggs was significantly higher for horses heavily infected with A. perfoliata, the egg recovery among infected horses was only 35%. An additional field survey comprising 218 horses on 88 premises in central and southern parts of Sweden showed that the prevalence of A. perfoliata egg positive horses was the same as found on faecal examination during the abattoir survey.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Diagnosis and treatment of intestinal helminths. I. Common intestinal cestodes.

Increase in travel and immigration has led to a heightened awareness of parasitic diseases among health professionals. Intestinal helminths are important human parasites. Cestodes or tapeworms comprise an important group of helminths. The diagnosis of tapeworm infections requires a skilled laboratory because serological tests are unavailable. In this first part of our review of intestinal helminths, we describe the salient features of the diagnosis and treatment of several important intestinal cestodes, including Diphyllobothrium latum, Taenia, Hymenolepis, and Dipylidium caninum. Niclosamide and praziquantel are the drugs of choice for tapeworm infections.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Some studies on the experimental infection of golden hamsters with Taenia solium.

Golden hamsters were infected orally with viable cysticerci of Taenia solium obtained from infected pigs. After two weeks of infection implanted scolices of about 4 mm were found in exactly the same number as the number of ingested cysticerci. At six weeks 66% of the ingested cysticerci were found as implanted tapeworms (average size: 5.7 cm). At ten weeks 16% of the ingested cysticerci were found as implanted tapeworms (average size: 5.8 cm). At 14 weeks no tapeworms were found. Skin tests with taenia extracts were positive after 9 weeks of infection peaked at 12 and 14 weeks and declined afterwards becoming negative after 27 weeks. Skin test with cysticercus extracts were weaker, peaked at 8 and 10 weeks, were very low after 12 weeks and became negative after 16 weeks. Histological studies in the attachment site at the small intestine showed at 2 weeks a cellular infiltrate formed by macrophages, epithelioid cells and some plasma cells, there was very little alteration of epithelium. At 6 and 8 weeks the epithelium was damaged and necrotized. At 17 and 19 weeks the lesion started to resolve. We conclude that the golden hamster can be used to reproduce in the laboratory at least part of the life cycle of Taenia solium.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The parasite assemblage in the spiral intestine of the shark Mustelus canis.

The parasite assemblage in the 8 chambers of the spiral intestine of 49 specimens of the shark Mustelus canis collected from Long Island Sound and off the coast of Virginia was investigated. Assemblages within host individuals were composed of up to 3 of 4 species of cestodes: the trypanorhynch species Prochristianella tumidula and Lacistorhynchus tenuis and the hooked tetraphyllidean species Calliobothrium verticillatum and Calliobothrium lintoni. Each individual shark hosted 1-3 (mean = 2.17) tapeworm species and 1-166 (mean = 34.3) tapeworm individuals. The assemblage consisted of 2 core species, 1 secondary species, and 1 satellite species. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences among the areas of the 8 intestinal chambers. ANOVAs of worm density among chambers revealed that each of the 4 species exhibited site specificity within the spiral intestine. Least significant difference analysis revealed that each of the species, except C. verticillatum, was usually found in the anterior 3 chambers. Calliobothrium verticillatum was more commonly found in the middle region of the organ, centered around chamber 4. Horn's information index indicated that L. tenuis and C. lintoni had the greatest amount of overlap within the spiral intestine and the congeners C. lintoni and C. verticillatum had the least amount of overlap. No evidence of interaction among the species in this assemblage was found. In cases where observations could be made, neither cestode total length nor location within the spiral intestine appeared to be affected by the presence of other individuals or species respectively. There was some evidence of underutilized space; the posteriormost chamber was vacant in all 49 sharks examined and 91.8% of sharks had at least 2 vacant chambers. Linear regression revealed no relationship between shark total length and either total number of worms or total number of individuals of each of the 4 species of cestodes. The chi-square test revealed no evidence that the 4 species do not occur independently among host individuals. The number of species and number of individuals in M. canis were low when compared to the marine fish Sebastes nebulosus. These values for M. canis more closely resemble values for freshwater fishes. The comparatively much greater host specificity of these tapeworms may at least partially account for this difference. We propose that site specificity may have a phylogenetic component, in a manner similar to that of host specificity.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

Cyathocephalus truncatus (Cestoda: Spathebothridea) in its intermediate host Echinogammarus stammeri (Amphipoda) from the River Brenta, northern Italy.

A study was carried out on the occurrence of the tapeworm Cyathocephalus truncatus (Pallas, 1781) (Cestoda: Spathebothridea) in its intermediate host, the amphipod Echinogammarus stammeri, in the River Brenta. A total of 18,860 E. stammeri was examined from July 1990 to June 1994; only 25 of them (prevalence 0.13%) were infected with tapeworm larvae (intensity of infection 1 larva/host). Co-occurrence of C. truncatus larvae with the larva of the acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus laevis (Müller, 1776) was recorded in 15 amphipods. Tapeworms were localized in the anterior portion of each amphipod's hemocoel, in intimate contact with E. stammeri internal organs such as the alimentary canal, and frequently induced its displacement. No differences in integumental pigmentation were noticed between infected and non-infected amphipods, and some infected E. stammeri females were ovigerous.

Acanthocephala↗
PubMed1995

Praziquantel treatment normalizes intestinal myoelectric alterations associated with Hymenolepis diminuta-infected rats.

Hymenolepis diminuta-associated alterations in rat intestinal myoelectric patterns are abolished following therapeutic administration of the anthelmintic praziquantel (PZQ). Host intestinal smooth muscle myoelectric patterns, reflecting smooth muscle contractility and intestinal phasic motility, were recorded using in vivo serosal electrodes, surgically implanted on the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Repeated electromyographic recording from unrestrained and unanesthetized rats began 5 days after electrode implantation surgery. Three initial control recordings from each rat confirmed the appearance of normal intestinal myoelectric patterns, characterized by the interdigestive migrating myoelectric complex (MMC). All animals were subsequently infected with H. diminuta and myoelectric recordings beginning after day 8 postinfection confirmed the appearance of diminished frequency of the MMC and 2 nonmigrating myoelectric patterns, i.e., repetitive bursts of action potentials and sustained spike potentials. PZQ was used to remove the tapeworms from rats 12 days after Hymenolepis diminuta infection, as intestinal myoelectric changes become maximal at this time in tapeworm-infected rats. PZQ administered to uninfected rats at either of 2 dose levels did not affect host interdigestive myoelectric activity. After removal of the parasite with PZQ, electromyographic recordings indicated a return to normal uninfected electrical patterns within 24 hr of drug treatment. We have demonstrated that the presence of Hymenolepis diminuta is necessary to induce and maintain abnormal intestinal myoelectric patterns. The altered motor properties of tapeworm-infected rat intestine and the rapid reconversion to preinfection myoelectric patterns provides a new and unique model to examine the regulatory mechanisms of intestinal motility and its control by luminal parasites.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Diphyllobothriasis after eating raw salmon.

An 11-year-old boy in Hawaii passed mucus and a moving object in his stool. The object was identified as a segment of the fish tapeworm Diphyllobothrium species which is not indigenous to Hawaii. Diphyllobothrium ova were also found in the stool. The only raw fish he recalled eating in previous months were tuna sushi and lomi-lomi salmon which usually contains raw but previously frozen salmon. Of these two fish, only salmon which is not native to Hawaiian waters, has been incriminated as a significant source of diphyllobothrium fish tapeworm infection. Freezing kills this parasite, however, we speculate that the raw fish in the lomi-lomi salmon that our patient had eaten had not been pre-frozen or was not adequately pre-frozen. Eating raw salmon without certainty that it has been adequately pre-frozen carries the risk of diphyllobothriasis or fish tapeworm infection.

Animals↗