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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Possible foreign body granuloma of the retina associated with intravenous cocaine addiction.

A 27-year-old man who was a heroin addict had light flashes in front of the right eye and a hemicentral scotoma immediately after intravenous cocaine. The initial ophthalmoscopic appearance was of a white foreign body lying over the papillomacular bundle of the retina in the right eye. This ophthalmoscopic finding was consistent with intraocular talc, cornstarch, or lactose, common diluting agents that are present in intravenous injections of heroin, cocaine, or methylphenidate hydrochloride, and are known to cause systemic embolic phenomena in chronic drug abusers. This glistening crystal on the surface of the retina changed and evolved into a noninfectious but inflammatory organization of retinal granuloma, in which the foreign body crystal could still be visualized at the apex of the lesion. The anterior and posterior segments of the eye remained free of inflammatory signs throughout the course of the organization of the retinal granuloma.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Indirect treatment of peripheral retinal neovascularization.

Indirect (scatter) cryotherapy and photocoagulation treatments successfully obliterated peripheral neovascularization in patients with sickle cell retinopathy and talc retinopathy. Fifteen of 17 neovascular fronds in seven eyes of five patients were obliterated. This type of treatment is analogous to panretinal photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy. Because low energy levels are used, indirect treatment of peripheral neovascularization may be a safe and effective alternative to focal treatment of feeder vessels.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Diagnostic thoracoscopy for pleural disease.

The most common use for diagnostic thoracoscopy in pleural disease is to clarify whether or not an effusion is malignant. General anesthesia with single-lung ventilation when combined with new endoscopic instrumentation produces a high diagnostic yield. These anesthetic and surgical techniques when used with talc pleurodesis yield a 90% success rate in treating benign and malignant pleural effusions.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1993

Thoracoscopic management of malignant pleural effusion.

The diagnosis and management of pleural effusions have been well recognized over the years as indications for thoracoscopy. New technology has enhanced its appeal. Video-assisted thoracic surgery is a well-tolerated procedure that affords excellent visualization of the entire pleural surface. Directed biopsies of suspicious areas lead to a high diagnostic yield, particularly when compared with percutaneous biopsies. New algorithms reflect this fact. Video-assisted thoracic surgery now follows diagnostic thoracentesis as the next step in the evaluation of effusion suspicious for malignancy. Video-assisted thoracic surgery can also aid the lysis of adhesions, which might limit the effectiveness of surgical procedures to produce pleurodesis, and is an ideal tool for therapeutic management. It may be performed with general anesthesia or local anesthesia and sedation. All of the pleural fluid can be removed and this facilitates the procedure. With minimal instrumentation, pleurodesis may be performed by pleurectomy, mechanical abrasion, or talc sclerosis. Visually directed placement of chest tubes ensures adequate reexpansion of the lung.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1975

Preparation of high-quality iodine-125-labelled pituitary luteinizing hormone for radioimmunoassay.

High quality pituitary luteinizing hormone labelled with 125-I was obtained after separating out the more heavily iodinated fractions, through starch gel electrophoresis, using the cathodal component (Fraction 1) which was further purified on Sephadex G-100, giving an almost pure 125-I-labelled luteinizing hormone preparation, presenting excellent immunoreactivity and low levels of damage on incubation in plasma. The quality control of the steps of the technique was done with plasma-coated talc (200 mg) which compared favorably, as far as being an indication of intact labelled luteinizing hormone, with the more time-consuming chromatoelectrophoresis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Foreign body granulomatous inflammation increases the sensitivity of splenocytes to immunomodulation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the active metabolite of vitamin D, partially inhibits antigen and mitogen-driven lymphocyte stimulation. We studied the effect of granulomatous inflammation on the sensitivity of lymphocytes to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in vitro, measuring the inhibitory effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on mitogenesis of splenocytes of mice with chronic inflammation induced by subcutaneous injection of talc. Systemic manifestations of the local inflammation included loss in body weight, splenomegaly, enhanced DNA synthesis by freshly isolated splenocytes and enhanced prostaglandin secretion by activated splenocytes. Splenocytes from animals with local inflammation were more susceptible to inhibition by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, but not by prostaglandin E2. This increased sensitivity to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was abolished by blocking prostaglandin synthesis in splenocyte cultures with indomethacin and was restored by adding prostaglandin E2. This effect cannot be attributed to enhanced prostaglandin synthesis in the presence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, but is probably due to a qualitative change in the response of splenocytes from inflamed animals to the combined action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and prostaglandin E2.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Liver pathology in fatal drug addiction.

Liver sections from 273 drug addicts submitted to medicolegal autopsy at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Copenhagen in the period 1975-1979 were studied. In 65% of the cases non-specific portal inflammation only was found. Birefringent material--identified as the mineral talc (magnesium silicate) was observed in 38% of the cases; in these cases non-specific portal inflammation was always present. Changes compatible with acute or chronic persistent hepatitis or hepatitis sequelae were observed in 8% of the cases; cirrhosis in 3%. HBs-antigens were detected in 4%. In 22% fatty infiltration was present; in 4% as the only abnormal finding. Finally no pathological changes were found in 6%. The results were related to anamnestic information of kind and duration of drug abuse and to the cause of death. Furthermore a comparison was performed between the groups with and without birefringent material. The data suggest that the birefringent material may be of importance to the pathogenesis of the non-specific portal inflammation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Removal of cyanobacterial blooms in Taihu Lake using local soils. I. Equilibrium and kinetic screening on the flocculation of Microcystis aeruginosa using commercially available clays and minerals.

Algal removal abilities of 26 clays/minerals were classified into three categories according to the 8-h equilibrium removal efficiency (Q8h) and removal rate at a clay loading of 0.7 g/L. Type I clays (sepiolite, talc, ferric oxide, and kaolinite) had a Q8h > 90%, a t50 (time needed to remove 50% of the algae) < 15 min, and a t80 < 2.5 h. Type II clays (6 clays) had a Q8h 50-90%, a t50 < 2.5 h, and a t80 > 2.5 h. Type III clays (14 clays) with Q8h < 50%, t50 > 8 h and t80 > 14 h had no practical value in removal of algal blooms. When the clay loading was reduced to 0.2 g/L, Q8h for all the 25 materials decreased to below 60%, except for sepiolite whose Q8h remained about 97%. The high efficiency for sepiolite to flocculate M. aeruginosa cells in freshwaters was due to the mechanism of netting and bridging effect.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed2004

Inflammatory parameters after pleurodesis in recurrent malignant pleural effusions and their predictive value.

Recurrent pleural malignant effusion is a common problem which can be treated by inducing symphysis of the pleural sheets. Many different drugs administered into the pleural space can be used to achieve this. The drugs cause an inflammatory response, which in turn is believed to cause the symphysis. Comparatively little has been published on the degree of pleural inflammation and the systemic response and whether this will affect the outcome. The aim of this study was to describe the systemic inflammatory reaction following instillation of a chemical agent into the pleura and to investigate whether this had any predictive value for the outcome (i.e. the pleurodesis). The markers investigated were simple ones: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and leukocyte count from venous blood samples, and the fever reaction. Eighty-nine prospective patients with malignant pleural effusion who underwent pleurodesis with either talc (48 patients) or quinacrine (41 patients) were included in the study. Symphysis was achieved in 82 patients (92 per cent) and all had a prominent transitional elevation of the inflammatory parameters. The unsuccessful attempts caused negligible or very small elevations, but due to the small numbers only the degree of fever after 8 and 48 h showed a statistically significant difference. In conclusion, pleurodesis causes a systemic inflammation and there is a tendency to a correlation between the success of pleurodesis and the degree of inflammation. High fever and high inflammatory parameters including CRP are due to this inflammatory response and do not indicate infection.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Early and late mortality after pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusion.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to analyze morbidity and mortality and to determine the relative contribution of each of these potential prognosis variables for predicting morbidity and mortality in patients after pleurodesis by thoracotomy or thoracoscopy. METHODS: Between March 1, 1996, and January 31, 2001, a total of 70 patients underwent pleurodesis for recurrent malignant pleural effusion. Thoracoscopy was performed in 54 patients (77%); pleurodesis was achieved by pleural abrasion (n = 15), pleurectomy (n = 5), and talc insufflation (n = 34). Thoracotomy was performed in 16 patients (23%) who also needed pleurectomy and decortication for a trapped lung. RESULTS: Postoperative complications occurred in 24 patients (34%). Factors adversely affecting morbidity with univariate analysis included: three or four metastatic sites (p = 0.003), and thoracotomy (p = 0.009). Factors adversely affecting morbidity with multivariate analysis included: thoracotomy (p = 0.0005) and number of metastatic sites (p = 0.007). Six patient deaths (8.6%) occurred during hospitalization. Factors adversely affecting in-hospital mortality with univariate analysis included: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status 2 to 3 (p = 0.001), lower preoperative serum hemoglobin (p = 0.001), lower preoperative serum albumin (p = 0.0001), and thoracotomy (p = 0.03). Factors adversely affecting in-hospital mortality with multivariate analysis included: preoperative serum albumin less than 60 g/L (p = 0.007) and ECOG Performance Status 2 to 3 (p = 0.008). Twelve patients (17%) died within 90 days after surgery. Factors adversely affecting 3-month mortality with univariate analysis included: ECOG Performance Status 2 to 3 (p = 0.001), lower preoperative serum hemoglobin (p = 0.03), higher preoperative white cells (p = 0.03), lower preoperative serum albumin (p = 0.03), and preoperative thoracentesis more than once per month (p = 0.03). Factors adversely affecting 3-month mortality with multivariate analysis included: ECOG Performance Status 2 to 3 (p = 0.01), preoperative thoracentesis more than once per month (p = 0.03), three or four metastatic sites (p = 0.02), and preoperative white blood cell count > or = 12,000/mm3 (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Thoracotomy is not indicated in patients with a malignant effusion because of poor survival, a high frequency of complications, and prolonged hospital stay. Pleurodesis thoracoscopy is indicated in patients with good performance status coupled with good nutrition.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Long-term follow-up of thoracoscopic pleurodesis for hydrothorax complicating peritoneal dialysis.

BACKGROUND: Massive hydrothorax is a significant complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and its ideal management remains undefined. Conservative management in the form of intermittent peritoneal dialysis had limited success. The use of conventional pleurodesis and open thoracotomy were associated with morbidities and limitations. We retrospectively reviewed the long-term outcome of 8 patients with massive hydrothorax complicating CAPD, 6 of whom received thoracoscopic pleurodesis. METHODS: Among 397 patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis during the period from 1994 to 1998, hydrothorax developed in 8 patients. Four patients were first treated with temporary intermittent peritoneal dialysis using 1-L exchange cycles. Three of them had a recurrence of the hydrothorax whereas only one could resume continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis successfully. Two patients then underwent conventional pleurodesis but failed. One of them was switched to hemodialysis. Thoracoscopic pleurodesis was performed for the remaining 2 patients together with 4 other patients with hydrothorax once this complication developed. There were no gross abnormalities including pleuroperitoneal communication sites identified. Talc poudrage was performed in 2 patients and mechanical rub pleurodesis in the other 4 patients. All had uncomplicated procedure and uneventful recovery. RESULTS: One patient after thoracoscopic pleurodesis was soon switched to hemodialysis for an unrelated reason. The other 5 patients resumed continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis with no recurrence of hydrothorax for a mean period of 50 months (range 19 to 84). CONCLUSIONS: With thoracoscopic pleurodesis, patients resumed continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis without recurrence of hydrothorax on long-term follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The treatment of recurrent malignant pleural effusion.

Effective control of a recurrent malignant pleural effusion can greatly improve the quality of life of the cancer patient. At least a dozen different techniques have been advocated for controlling this common complication of malignant disease. The present review collects and examines the clinical results of all techniques designed to treat this problem. The pathophysiology and diagnostic evaluation of the effusion are also discussed. On the basis of comparisons involving effectiveness, morbidity, and convenience, we recommend intrapleurally administered tetracycline with thoracostomy drainage as the technique of choice. Instillation of a talc suspension with thoracostomy drainage is also a safe and effective technique and should be employed when tetracycline fails or is contraindicated.

Drainage↗
PubMed2001

Feasibility of a multi-component additive for efficient control of activated sludge filamentous bulking.

Instantaneous improvement of the settling of bulking filamentous activated sludge can be achieved by the addition of a polymer or a large amount (up to 100% of the MLSS concentration) of talc powder to the sludge. Long-term improvement relies on repeated additions, as these additives have no adverse effects on the causative filaments. A multi-component additive was compared to the traditional additives in lab-scale activated sludge units using three highly filamentous sludges from different industrial treatment plants. The study demonstrated that the multi-component additive was superior to the traditional remedies. It was shown that, in the case of severe filamentous bulking, a single addition of the new additive immediately improved sludge settling and exerted a destructive effect on the causative filamentous bacteria. Thus, the latter additive also ensured a long-term sludge sedimentation improvement. The traditional additives exhibited an immediate and short-term effect. The novel additive also retarded sludge rising due to denitrification and it improved sludge dewaterability. The study revealed Nostocoido limicola II, with slightly hydrophobic cell wall, to be somewhat resistant to the quaternary ammonium salt present as biocide in the additive.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1983

Arteriolar occlusive diseases of the macula.

Occlusion of retinal precapillary arterioles may be related to vascular endothelial damage, embolization, vasculitis, and other factors. Following acute retinal precapillary arteriolar occlusion in the macular area, inhibition of axoplasmic transport results in the formation of cotton-wool patches. A variable loss of retinal function occurs. During the subacute phase, reperfusion of the vascular bed is usually seen with a gradual fading of the cotton-wool patch. In the chronic phase, the only sign of the infarction may be a loss of inner retinal substance with an irregularity of the light reflex from the internal limiting membrane, the retinal depression sign. The characteristics of retinal precapillary arteriolar occlusions are reviewed and specific features of hypertensive retinopathy, talc retinopathy, and sickle cell retinopathy are discussed.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1997

[Clinical and therapeutic aspects of spontaneous pneumothorax in human immunodeficiency virus infection: 9 cases].

Spontaneous pneumothorax in HIV infected patients are mostly due to a sub-pleural necrotizing pneumonitis most often related to Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. From our experience of nine patients and a review of the literature, we describe the clinical characteristics and therapeutic management and confirm the frequent failure of simple chest tube drainage and the high morbidity and mortality rate despite treatment. An aggressive stepped-care management of thoracoscopic talc poudrage as initial therapy should be evaluated.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1999

Development and evaluation of a multiple-unit oral sustained release dosage form for S(+)-ibuprofen: preparation and release kinetics.

Mini-matrix tablets containing S(+)-ibuprofen have been prepared by the wet granulation method. The hydrophilic matrix was formed with either xanthan gum, karaya gum or hydroxymethylcellulose (HPMC) together with a choice of additives from lactose, Encompress(R), Avicel(R) PH101, talc and Lubritab(R). Multiple unit dosage forms (MUDFs) were subsequently obtained by encapsulating the mini-matrix tablets into hard gelatin capsules. Preparation, in vitro release profiles and release kinetics are presented.

Capsules↗
PubMed2004

Progelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase-9 proenzyme as a marker of pleural inflammation.

Previous analyses of pleural effusions of different origin revealed high levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 proenzyme (proMMP-9), predominantly in parainfectious exudates. To confirm the etiological association with inflammation and to explore time course of release of proMMP-9 under conditions of a local inflammatory reaction, the authors estimated proMMP-9 in pleural fluids of patients undergoing therapeutic talc pleurodesis (n = 20) and explorative thoracoscopy (n = 4), before, and at different time intervals after the intervention. The authors also compared proMMP-9 values with proinflammatory markers, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and leukocyte count. As revealed through scanning substrate electrophoresis, proMMP-9 levels increased within the first hours a!nd culminated 16 to 48 hours after intervention, amounting to 1.5- to 102 -fold of initial concentration (mean = 14.8 -fold). MMP-9 proenzyme values significantly correlated with the levels of proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 (r =.79, n = 47, p <.01) and with neutrophil counts (r =.75, n = 45, p <.01). In conclusion, the results present proMMP-9 as a novel early indicator of acute host-response in pleural space that complements traditional proinflammatory markers and might be useful in monitoring pleural inflammatory processes.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rat lung tumors induced by exposure to selected poorly soluble nonfibrous particles.

Rodent bioassays have been used to assess the carcinogenicity of several inhaled, poorly soluble, nonfibrous particles that vary in toxicity and carcinogenic potency. There is substantial published information from chronic inhalation bioassays of diesel exhaust, carbon black, titanium dioxide, talc, and coal dust. This review summarizes data from studies with exposures for 2 yr or more using these 5 materials. The review has four objectives: (1) to summarize the current information available from these bioassays concerning exposure-dose-carcinogenic response in rats, (2) to summarize the pathologic and phenotypic features of the neoplastic response in rats, (3) to examine possible strain- and gender-related differences, and (4) to compare the neoplastic responses of rat to those of other species exposed to these materials.

Administration, Inhalation↗