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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Assessment of 99mTc-DMSA renography and uptake compared with creatinine clearance in rats with drug-induced nephrotoxicity--II. Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity].

For evaluation of technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-DMSA) renal uptake as an absolute renal function, 99mTc-DMSA uptake was compared with endogenous creatinine clearance (Ccr) in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. At first, Male Wistar rats were given intraperitoneally 1.8 mg/kg/day of cisplatin for periods of 3, 5, 7 and 9 days. On the next day, 99mTc-DMSA uptake and Ccr were measured. Ccr of 5-day treated group was significantly lower than that of control (0.13 +/- 0.10 vs 0.34 +/- 0.05 ml/min/100 g; p less than 0.01) but 99mTc-DMSA uptake did not change. 99mTc-DMSA uptake of 7-day treated group was significantly lower than that of control (28.57 +/- 7.23 vs 39.84 +/- 2.23%; p less than 0.01). As the second experiment, cisplatin (3.6 mg/kg/day) was given intraperitoneally on the 1st, 2nd, 15th and 16th day. On the 5th, 8th, 11th, 15th, 20th, 23rd, 26th and 30th day, the same measurements were done as the first one. Ccr was lower in cisplatin treated rats on the 5th day than that in control (0.10 +/- 0.03 vs 0.34 +/- 0.05 ml/min/100 g; p less than 0.01), thereafter tended to be recovered to the control level. On the other hand, 99mTc-DMSA uptake was lower than that of control on the 8th, 11th and 15th day (32.40 +/- 3.86, 32.56 +/- 1.19, 35.21 +/- 2.97 vs 39.84 +/- 2.23%, respectively; p less than 0.01). The discrepancy between 99mTc-DMSA uptake and Ccr was observed in the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. 99mTc-DMSA uptake was suggested to be a reliable indicator of a renal function in a different way from Ccr.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Chemotherapy of trypanosomiasis: the potentiation of antimonial compounds by difluoromethylornithine (DFMO).

The currently available anti-leishmanial antimonial drugs, together with other antimony compounds were individually tested, in combination with difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), against experimental murine trypanosomiasis with central nervous system involvement. Satisfactory cure rates could be achieved using a combination treatment of DFMO with most of these anti-leishmanial drugs, but in general, only when they were administered at least twice daily. Of the compounds tested, the most effective was antimony dimercaptosuccinate (Astiban).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A convenient method for the preparation of 99mTc-labelled pentavalent DMSA and its evaluation as a tumour imaging agent.

A cold kit has been developed for the instant preparation of 99mTc-(V)-DMSA. The radiochemical purity of the radiopharmaceutical was determined by chromatography. A study of the effect of pH and stannous chloride concentrations on its labelling efficiency demonstrated that pH 8.5-9.0 and 0.2 mg stannous chloride for 1.1 mg DMSA provides the optimum formulation (98%). The addition of ascorbic acid stabilized the kit for up to 24 weeks under refrigerated temperatures. The radiopharmaceutical was found to concentrate in the bone and muscles in contrast to trivalent DMSA which accumulates in the liver and kidneys in normal mice. Studies in patients have shown its usefulness in the scintigraphy of thyroid medullary carcinoma and in the brain metastasis of breast carcinoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Treatment of chronic occupational lead poisoning with dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA)].

2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) mobilizes lead from superficial depots. In comparison with other chelating agents, DMSA has a high therapeutic index and has the additional advantage that it can be administered orally. We have used DMSA for treatment of chronic occupational lead poisoning in a 54-year old male with signs of neurotoxic effects. The treatment resulted in a rapid decrease in the blood-lead concentration, followed by a slow increase after the treatment and subsequent stabilization at a blood-lead level lower than prior to treatment. During the first course of treatment, almost 100 mumols lead was excreted in the urine. As a result of successive courses of treatments, the patient's condition was improved. However, during the third course of treatment, he developed a mucocutaneous rash which faded again after withdrawal of DMSA; this reaction was subsequently provoked by sub-therapeutic doses, and continued treatment was therefore cancelled. Only minor, reversible side effects of DMSA have hitherto been reported, and DMSA must therefore be regarded a promising agent for long-term, out-patient chelation treatment of chronic lead poisoning.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

[Nuclear medicine kidney diagnosis in progressive systemic scleroderma].

Kidney involvement is one of the most frequent causes of death in progressive systemic scleroderma (PSS). It is therefore important to detect potential impairment of renal function in PSS very early. In 76 patients referred for nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures, 42 pathologic results were found with 131I-hippurate clearance, while only 14 abnormal results were detected by static 99mTc-DMSA scans. Hippurate clearance is thus a sensitive method of functional renal evaluation in PSS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Whole body autoradiographic localization of dimercaptosuccinic acid per os in mice].

Dimercapto [14C]succinic acid ([14C]DMSA) was given to male mice by ig 233 kBq. The mice were sacrificed by immersion in dry ice/hexane at 1, 3, 9 and 24 h. The distribution and concentration of [14C]DMSA were observed and analysed by whole-body autoradiograph. Higher concentration appeared in oral cavity, esophagus, gastrointestinal contents, liver, kidney and urine at 1 or 3 h. A moderate concentration was seen in blood, bone and skin. A remarkable reduction of radioactivity was found in liver at 9 h, but GI contents, Harderian gland, kidney and urine retained intense distribution. The results indicated that DMSA absorbed rapidly per os and was eliminated by kidney within 24 h. No tissue had a pronounced retention of the [14C]DMSA.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Mobilization of aged cadmium from isolated rat hepatocytes by sulfhydryl chelators.

Isolated hepatocytes appear to be a suitable in vitro model for the testing of the efficacy of chelating agents. In this study hepatocytes were isolated from rats exposed to CdCl2 (50 mg Cd2+/l) in drinking water for 3 months. The cells were incubated in a Krebs-Henseleit buffer for 2 hrs and the cytotoxicity was assessed using 5 types of parameters. N-benzyl-D-glucaminedithiocarbamate (BGDTC) and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) were tested. Individual chelators in various concentrations were added to the incubation medium at the beginning of the experiment (t = 0). The concentration of Cd in the extracellular fluid was measured every 30 mins using flame AAS. Exposed hepatocytes did not show the signs of damage. Both chelators did not exhibit any cytotoxic effect. BGDTC was found to be efficient in the mobilization of Cd, while DMSA was ineffective.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Scavenging effects of dimercaptosuccinic acid per os on nickel in mice and rats].

In mice and rats given iv or im 63NiCl2 148-370 kBq, radioactivity was present in highest concentrations in kidney, lung, and liver. After given ig dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) 1 g.kg-1, radioactivity decreased remarkably in kidney, lung, and blood. The excretion of 63Ni via urine and feces within 24 h, respectively 13.0 +/- 2.4% and 0.6 +/- 0.4%, was similar to that in the control group in mice. But radioactivity increased markedly in bone. The Ni content of bone decreased on d 7. In rats given im 63NiCl2 370 kBq, two different nickel complex peaks appeared in the gel chromatograms of serum, kidney, and lung. DMSA reduced the contents of protein-bound Ni in serum, kidney, and lung. The results showed that DMSA detoxified the Ni by forming a low toxicity Ni-DMSA complex to redistribute in the body.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Emission-computed tomography in the diagnosis of kidney tumors and cysts].

Emission computed tomography (ECT) was used to examine 48 patients with suspected renal lesions. Sectional images of renal cysts diagnosed in 14 of them were characterized by well-defined outlines surrounded by uniformly declining radiopharmaceutical accumulations. Renal tumors were detected in 25 patients. ECT pattern of the tumor had obscure borders suggesting the tumor invasion into the renal tissue. Accumulation of the radiopharmaceutical round the tumor was less pronounced than in functioning renal tissue. According to ECT findings, 8 subjects were free of urological pathology. It is concluded that ECT is a promising diagnostic tool in urology as it permits sectional visualization of renal neoplasms structure, is highly sensitive, informative and noninvasive. It can identify mass lesions of the kidneys and warrants exhaustive information on functional performance of the renal parenchyma.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Renal scintigraphy with Tc99m DMSA (dimercaptosuccinic acid) in acute pyelonephritis].

Twenty patients, 6 months to 11 year old, with clinically recognized acute pyelonephritis, were evaluated with Tc99m DMSA renal scintigraphy in the first 15 days of their illness to validate this method in the detection of the acute renal inflammatory disease. In 85% of Tc99m DMSA scintigraphies some kind of abnormality (focal or diffuse, unilateral or bilateral) was observed. Second renal images obtained at an average 8.5 months later, showed total disappearance of abnormal findings in 42%; partial regression in 50% and no changes in 8% of these cases. Tc99m DMSA scintigraphy seems to be a good diagnostic tool to confirm acute renal compromise in urinary tract infections. Besides follow up examinations, at least three months later with this same method, were able to confirm sustained renal lesions.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Surveillance of renal function by scintigraphy with 99m Tc-DMSA after a trans-ileal cutaneous ureterostomy].

The renal function of sixty one adult patients was monitored by 99mTc-DMSA renal scan after cystectomy for a malignant tumour followed by ileal conduit urinary diversion. The postoperative follow-up period was 10 years. The stenosis rate of the uretero-ileal anastomosis was 12.8% and the incidence of pyelonephritis was 8% The mean value for overall renal function and for the function of each kidney did not deteriorate significantly (p = 0.1 and p = 0.7, respectively) over time. However, 26% of kidneys evaluated at 1 year and at 5 years showed a markedly decreased uptake on the renogram. In 70% of cases, this decreased uptake was related to the development of stenosis of the uretero-ileal anastomosis or pyelonephritis. Renal function remained stable at 5 years in group A, corresponding to patients with good initial renal function (n = 22, p = 0.07), and in group B, corresponding to patients with poor initial renal function (n = 7, p = 0.9). Similarly, the function of solitary kidneys did not deteriorate over the 5-year postoperative follow-up period (n = 7, p = 0.5). The functional value of the kidneys was therefore not globally altered after ileal conduit urinary diversion. The existence of a mechanical or infectious complication should be systematically investigated in the presence of a deterioration in renal function. DMSA isotope renal scan is a complete, qualitative and quantitative, follow-up examination after this type of urinary diversion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mercury elimination with oral DMPS, DMSA, vitamin C, and glutathione: an observational clinical review.

Tissue mercury levels in humans have increased during the past 50 years to an alarming concentration, with possible deleterious effects that may involve neurological, cardiovascular, and immunological pathology. This article reviews the protocol for the use of oral 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate (DMPS) and oral meso-2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) in combination with intravenous glutathione and high-dose vitamin C for treatment of high-level mercury. This protocol yielded an average 69% reduction of urine mercury by provocation analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

A clinical trial of combined anti-androgen and anti-heavy metal therapy in autistic disorders.

BACKGROUND: A medical hypothesis has suggested that some autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) may result from interactions between the methionine cycle-transsulfuration and androgen pathways following exposure to mercury. METHODS: The IRB of the Institute for Chronic Illnesses approved the present study. A novel treatment was utilized combining LUPRON (leuprolide acetate, TAP Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) and CHEMET (meso-2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid--DMSA, McNeil Consumer Products Company) on 11 consecutive children with ASDs. RESULTS: A significant (p<0.01) overall improvement from the 70-79th percentile of severity (median baseline score=87) at baseline to the 40-49th percentile of severity (median end of study period score=63) at the end of the study was observed for patients treated for a median of approximately 4 months. Significant improvements in sociability, cognitive awareness, behavior, and clinical symptoms/behaviors of hyperandrogenemia were also observed. Significant decreases in blood androgens and increases in urinary heavy metal concentrations were observed. Minimal drug adverse effects were found. CONCLUSION: This study provides the first clinical evidence for the benefit that combined anti-androgen and anti-heavy metal therapy may have on some children with ASDs. Additional studies should examine androgen and heavy metal mechanisms of action in ASDs, and future ASD treatment protocols should consider androgens and heavy metals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[The assessment of kidney function based on renal scintigraphy data with 99mTc-DMSA].

Renoscintigraphy with 99mTc-DMCA with regard to a percentage of an RP uptake by the kidney was performed in 70 patients with uronephrological lesions before operation. A close relationship was established between a percentage of a 99mTc-DMCA uptake by the kidney on the 3rd hour after RP administration and values of the effective renal plasma flow, calculated on the basis of the results of renoscintigraphy with 131I-hippuran. Comparison of the 99mTc-DMCA uptake percentage values on the 3rd and 24th hours in patients with marked lesions of renal tubular functions has shown a high degree of correlation, permitting the recommendation of quantitative renoscintigraphy on the 3rd hour. Analysis of the specific percentage of the RP uptake, calculated for 1 cm2 of the visualized renal parenchyma, makes it possible to increase on the average by 29% the detection of renal function in uronephrological patients.

Adult↗