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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Psychotropic drugs in group homes: prevalence and relation to demographic/psychiatric variables.

All 1,101 clients residing in over 120 group homes of a residential services agency were surveyed on one date for presence of psychotropic medication. In all, 27% received one or more psychotropic drugs for behavioral or emotional disorders. Disorders and target behaviors listed for each drug group were examined and the relations between drug groups and diagnostic/demographic variables analyzed. In addition, logistic regression analyses were used to examine subject variable/drug relations further and the likelihood of receiving a specific class of medication given the presence of a subject variable. Certain physical and sensory handicaps were associated with less medication use. Generally speaking, the existence of DSM diagnoses (especially psychosis and mood disorder) and certain target behaviors were associated with greater medication use. In the main, medication use was consistent with known or presumptive indications for the respective drug groups, although unestablished applications were also observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Serotonergic activity and disinhibitory psychopathy in alcoholism.

Evidence exists of an increased risk for alcoholism in those individuals with some form of disinhibitory behavioral disturbance such as impulsivity, low frustration tolerance, attention span deficits, impersistance, sociopathy, hyperactivity and stimulus-seeking behavior. Studies have also linked alcohol abuse with aggression and criminality. Aggressive and impulsive individuals have been shown to have low levels of the major CSF metabolite of serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. Interestingly, abstinent alcoholic men, and non-alcoholic first-degree relatives have been shown to have similar decrement. Alcoholism may therefore be part of a spectrum of disinhibitory psychopathy which is characterized by reduced central serotonergic activity, and has a familial or genetic component.

Aggression↗
PubMed1976

[Drug abuse and suicidal tendencies].

66 juvenile drug-consumers--development-crises (32%), neurotic developments (30%), abnormal juvenile personalities (38%) - with a predominantly polytoxicomanic drug-anamnesis of several years are examined as to their suicidal development. The quantitative and qualitative progression of drug-abuse, the duration of drug-anamnesis, frequent broken-home-situations, grave educational deficiencies together with lacking possibilities of identification, a distinct social decline and chronic conflict-situations indicate the serious degree of the suicidal development. Different suicidal syndromes are worked out which in the form of death-phantasies or suicidal thoughts and horror trips directly derive from drug-abuse or are accompanied and reinforced by a continuous and frequently increasing drug-consumption, and which extend from an increase in depressive irritations, further psychological disturbances and personality changes, doubts about one's personal value and a sense of guilt to the "sickness of death".

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed2004

[Some aspects of the influence of television on children in early adolescence].

Television is treated not only as a carrier of information, but first of all as a source of entertainment. From the other sites, it also carries many threats to young spectator. It is known already today, that many remittances are full of aggression. In what way does this special group of audience uses the TV remittances? This problem is analyzed in presented study. Diagnosis of problem was conducted among children attending to secondary schools. An investigative tool was a questionnaire of inquiry which included following questions: quantity of time spent in front of television set, influence of television on functioning of a child, rules of using the television at home, what kinds of televisions' offers children use, influence of television on social functioning of child (contacts with peers, with family) and influence of television on intellectual functioning of a child.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Neurological and psychological development of low-risk preterm infants in the first year of life.

Twenty-four selected low-risk preterm and 10 full-term infants were followed in a prospective study of the evolution of neurological signs in the first year of life and to consider the prognostic value of transient neurological abnormalities in relation to learning disabilities at school age. We report the results of the assessments made during the first 12 months. The assessment at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months was made using the Amiel-Tison neurological schedule and the Griffiths developmental scale. A high percentage of our low-risk premature infants (69% of 37-34 weeks gestational age and 75% of 33-27 weeks gestational age group) showed transient neurological anomalies, whereas no major neurological sequelae, i.e., cerebral palsies or mental impairment, were found. Moreover, in our series, the syndrome of transient dystonia associated with low birth weight, already described by other authors in samples not selected for risk, was not observed. The psychological development of all our infants was within normal limits at every assessment. Nevertheless, a significantly decreased performance at the sixth month in both preterm groups, particularly in the group of low gestational age, was found, and its significance will be clarified by further follow-up studies of early school age.

Developmental Disabilities↗
PubMed1999

Sexual behaviors in autism: problems of definition and management.

Surveys of sexual behavior in autism suggest a variety of behavioral expression. However, the course of sexual development in autism is unplotted, leaving questions about the normalcy of specific behaviors. Even less is known about deviations of sexual development and the incidence of paraphilias in this population. We explore the problems of definition of sexual behaviors and describe a case report that highlights the difficulties of management. An application of a testosterone-suppressing medication and its effect on sexual behavior are reported. After failure of behavioral and educational programs, leuprolide, an injectable antiandrogen, resulted in suppression of behaviors and retention of the participants' community placement. Follow-up for almost 3 years shows no abnormal physical effects. Dosage has been tapered over that period to a low but effective dose. Directions for research are discussed.

Adolescent↗