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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Dietary habits related to caries development and immigrant status in infants and toddlers living in Sweden.

The purpose of this study was to describe the dietary habits of infants and toddlers living in Sweden with special reference to caries prevalence at 2 and 3 years of age and to immigrant status. The study was designed as a prospective, longitudinal study starting with 671 children aged 1 year. At 3 years, all children were invited to a further examination. A total of 298 individuals, randomly selected from the original group, were also examined at 2 years. The accompanying parent was interviewed about the child's dietary habits. Children with caries at 2 and 3 years of age and immigrant children had, when they were 1 year old, consumed caries-risk products and been given nocturnal meals and sweetened liquid in a feeding bottle more often than caries-free 2- and 3-year-olds and non-immigrant children. Although a great variation in dietary habits was found in infants and toddlers, the use of sugar-containing products is widespread in Sweden even in early childhood.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMed1984

An outbreak of tularemia in the northern part of central Sweden.

An extensive epidemic of tularemia with 529 cases, 400 of which were confirmed by laboratory tests, occurred in the northern part of central Sweden during the summer of 1981. The outbreak was of short duration and was restricted to certain communities within a narrow geographical area. It began in the middle of July and progressed during that month and August, with only sporadic cases in September and October. During the 2 years preceding the outbreak only 3 and 7 cases were reported in Sweden. The infection was mainly transmitted by mosquitoes and most cases were ulceroglandular. The later cases in September and October were infected by contact with hares or rodents. All age groups were affected, with a slight predominance of women and the 30-60 yr age groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

An epidemiological and serological study of toxocara infection in Sweden.

The serological prevalence of toxocara infection was determined in 323 sera from statistically selected healthy individuals from different geographical areas of Sweden. The serological response in 175 sera from patients suspected of having contracted toxocariasis was compared with their clinical manifestation and age. The sera were analysed by ELISA using excretory/secretory antigens. The serological prevalence in young adults was estimated to 7%, indicating that subclinical toxocariasis occurs in healthy Swedes. The prevalence figure is not contrasting with reports from other countries. Antibodies were predominantly demonstrated in sera from men living in a rural community compared to sera from the other areas investigated (p less than 0.01). 91% of the sera from patients were obtained from patients greater than 5 years old. The clinical manifestations were ocular disorder (46%), eosinophilia (32%), lung, liver, neurological disorders (14%). The disorders were equally distributed between the age groups. A seropositive reaction was noted in 25% of the patients and the various clinical manifestations and age groups were equally represented among the seropositives. However, the percentage of seropositive patients with ocular disorders increased with growing age, whereas the opposite was observed in patients with eosinophilia. The results indicate that clinically apparent toxocariasis exists in Sweden.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Incidence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in the city of Malmö, Sweden.

The incidences of latent and primary Toxoplasma gondii infections in pregnant women were studied using stored sera from 4,351 women delivered in the city of Malmö, Sweden in 1982 and 1983. Infants born to mothers with signs of primary infection (seroconversion or specific IgM in sera collected during pregnancy) were studied with regard to serological evidence of congenital infection (specific IgM in cord serum). Sera were tested for specific IgG antibodies by direct agglutination test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and for specific IgM by immunosorbent assay. 40% of the women were seropositive at delivery. Seroconversion (change from negative to positive serological status) was demonstrated in 12 pregnant women and specific IgM in the first postconceptional serum sample (indicating infection in the first trimester or in the last year(s) before conception) in another 17. The incidence of primary maternal infection was calculated to 4-6:1,000 deliveries. Among the 29 infants born to mothers with seroconversion or, alternatively, IgM in the first postconceptional sample, 6 had laboratory signs of congenital infection. One of the 6 had a positive toxoplasma isolation test in autopsy material and 5 had a clearly positive IgM value in cord serum. The real incidence of congenital infection in this material is unknown since IgM might be absent or sparse in cord serum in spite of congenital infection. The noticeable prevalence of maternal toxoplasmosis in Malmö calls for further incidence studies in Sweden.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Molecular characterization of Borrelia burgdorferi isolated from Ixodes ricinus in northern Sweden.

Ixodes ricinus ticks, harbouring Borrelia burgdorferi, were found in an area in northern Sweden, not thought to be endemic for Lyme borreliosis. This investigation took place at Norrbyskär, an island situated in the Bothnian Gulf, 63 degrees 33'N/19 degrees 52'E. One of 42 nymphal and 8/43 adult I. ricinus ticks collected carried spirochetes as seen by phase contrast microscopy. Pure bacterial cultures were obtained from 2 of the ticks. Western blot analysis using species-specific monoclonal antibodies showed that the isolated spirochetes were B. burgdorferi. The identity of the isolated spirochetes was confirmed by DNA amplification using B. burgdorferi OspA and flagellin gene specific oligonucleotides as well as partial DNA sequencing of the respective OspA and flagellin genes. The 2 isolated spirochaete populations were different as shown by their protein profiles in sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gels. Moreover, the demonstration of Lyme borreliosis in a patient from the island of Norrbyskär indicates the need for clinical consideration of this disease in northern Sweden.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Hepatitis B carriers in Sweden--effects of immigration.

The number of hepatitis B carriers in Gothenburg, the second largest city in Sweden, has gradually increased between 1980 and 1990. Altogether 525 chronic carriers (35% females) were found, corresponding to a prevalence of 0.11%. 401 (76%) were immigrants from high or medium prevalence regions, mainly the Middle East and Southeast Asia. 102 were native Swedes (19%). In 1988-90 the immigrants constituted 85% (154/182) of all new cases. 93% (245/264) of the carriers born in 1960-89 were immigrants, whereof 53% (130/245) were HBeAg positive. The increasing number of hepatitis B carriers in Sweden places demands on the public health service to undertake measures to prevent new cases of hepatitis B, as well as to discover and treat chronic liver disease induced by hepatitis B virus.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Incidence, aetiology, and prognosis of acute epiglottitis in children and adults in Sweden.

A retrospective study of the incidence, aetiology and case fatality rate of acute epiglottitis in children and adults was performed. The study covered the whole of Sweden (population 8.4 million) during the years 1987-89, before general vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) type b was started. Patients were included if it was documented that they fulfilled all 3 of the following criteria: (a) red and swollen epiglottis visualized by indirect laryngoscopy, (b) inspiratory stridor or difficulties in swallowing, and (c) a temperature > or = 38 degrees C. A total of 306 children and adolescents (0-19 years) and 502 adults (> or = 20 years) were found. The age-specific incidence was highest in children aged 0-4 years, (14.7/100,000 per year). The total incidence was 3.2/100,000 per year. In the age group 0-19 years, blood cultures had been obtained from 195 (64%) and Hi was isolated from 154 (79%). In adults (> or = 20 years), 114 of 298 blood cultures yielded Hi, while pneumococci were isolated from 5 and group A streptococci from 3 patients. A total of 220 children (72%) and 114 adults (23%) needed an artificial airway. Five children and 12 adults died. In conclusion, the incidence of acute epiglottis in Sweden is very high. Compared to a previous country-wide study covering the years 1981-83 that used the same methods for case finding and case definition, the incidence in children had decreased while the incidence in adults had increased.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The impact of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination in Sweden.

The number of patients with meningitis and bacteremia due to Haemophilus influenzae was studied in Sweden over the period 1987-1994. Conjugated H. influenzae type b vaccines were introduced in Sweden in 1992, and all children born after December 31, 1992, were offered vaccination free of charge. A rapid decline of H. influenzae meningitis and bacteraemia was observed in the autumn of 1993, when the expected peak incidence failed to appear. In the prevaccination period 1987-1991, the average annual incidence (cases/100,000) was 34.4 in children aged 0-4 years. In 1994, the annual incidence fell to 3.5. No significant decline was observed in older children or adults. There was a 92% reduction in the number of meningitis cases and an 83% reduction in cases of bacteraemia. A similar decline was noted in 2 regions which followed different strategies for the introduction of the vaccination programme.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Infrequent manifestations of tularaemia in Sweden.

Since 1931, when tularaemia was first recognized in Sweden, the annual incidence has varied widely. Except for a few cases, ulceroglandular and respiratory tularaemia have been the only forms of the disease observed. Here, cases from Sweden of oropharyngeal tularaemia and of tularaemia septicaemia and meningitis, are reviewed. Since the cases occurred outside manifest outbreaks, diagnostic difficulties were encountered and the diagnosis was reached more by chance than due to clinical suspicion. Possibly, cryptic cases of tularaemia may be more frequent than what appears from clinical reports.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1995

Estimated total costs of treating benign prostatic hyperplasia in Sweden.

New surgical methods and safe effective drugs for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) have been introduced in recent years. The long-term effects of these measures and the patient categories for which each is best suited are not as yet known. Amid rapid changes in treatment policy, our study aims to establish a frame of reference in Sweden for the costs of treating BPH. In 1988 most treatment of BPH was surgical, with "watchful waiting" or indwelling urethral catheter as alternatives. Transurethral resection was the main surgical method. The costs of treating BPH in 1988 were calculated with a "prevalence" and an "incidence" approach. Direct costs accounted for 80-85% of the total were mainly hospital costs. The total economic burden of BPH treatment in Sweden was estimated as 305-390 million SEK, equivalent to 49-62 million US$ in 1988 prices. Because of the impending changes in management of BPH, follow-up of the financial consequences of these changes is important in order to secure effective use of health care resources.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1996

An estimate of the life-time cost of surgical treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia in Sweden.

Two clinical series (n = 96 + 90) and one record-linkage study (n = 492) were used for estimation of the health care utilization for the treatment of BPH patients, mainly by TURP, in Sweden during one year before and 5-7 years after surgery. The total cost for a single patient amounted to ca. 33000 SEK in 1900 prices (5850 USD). Costs for surgery dominated and for a TURP amounted to about 70% of the Total. The costs during one year preoperatively and 5 years postoperatively each amounted to 15% of the total costs. In the present study the outcome of surgery was similar to other reports from the same period. The surgical mortality was 0.4% and the readmission rate because of complications of surgery or manifestations of BPH was 25% after 7 years of observation. Of the patients 11% were reoperated on within 7 years. When transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) replaced open surgery in Sweden during the 1970's it had several of the attributes of the new methods introduced for treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) currently in use. However, the spread of TURP resulted in wider indications for surgery and an increase in the total number of surgical procedures. An important argument for the adoption of the new, less invasive methods for treatment of BPH is the lower cost. To make a fair comparison of the costs of different methods for treatment of BPH the long-term costs have to be included in the calculation.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

The costs of treating hypertension in Sweden. An empirical investigation in primary health care.

The treatment costs of hypertension in Sweden were calculated both at the individual and at the national level after an empirical investigation in primary health care. The average drug cost per patient and year was calculated as c. SEK 1220, the annual consultation cost as c. SEK 620, and the annual travel and time cost as c. SEK 230. About 500,000 people are treated pharmacologically for hypertension in Sweden, and about 25,000 non-pharmacologically. The total annual treatment cost for these patients was calculated as c. SEK 1100 million. The drug cost accounts for c. SEK 650 million, the consultation cost for c. SEK 330 million, and the travel and time cost for c. SEK 120 million. The drug reimbursement scheme pays almost half these costs, while the county councils and the patients pay approximately a quarter each.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Myocardial infarction risk factors in a semirural area in mid-Sweden. The population study "50-year-old people in Kungsör".

The mortality from ischaemic heart disease is higher in predominantly rural northern and western Sweden than in the more urban eastern and southern districts. This study was performed in a small semirural area in mid-Sweden with lower mortality from ischaemic heart disease in middle-aged men and higher mortality in middle-aged women than the national average. Smoking habits, serum cholesterol, and blood pressure were measured in all 50-year-old men and women in the community (n = 314) during a four-year period. In addition, the feasibility of using the local health care centre as a base for the study was tested. The health centre provided an excellent base for this population study. The non-response rate was less than 3%, indicating that using local facilities and staff well known to the population might be an advantage. The risk factor levels seemed to be higher in Kungsör than in Uppsala, a community with low mortality from ischaemic heart diseases. The differences in risk factor levels could explain some, but not all of the differences in mortality from ischaemic heart diseases. Thus, other risk factors appear to be operating as well.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1995

Living conditions and health. A population-based study of labour migrants and Latin American refugees in Sweden and those who were repatriated.

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether there are differences in living conditions and self-rated health between South European labour migrants and Latin American refugees and those who were repatriated to Latin America. DESIGN: Analysis of data from a survey (face-to-face interviews) in 1991 of 338 Latin American refugees and 60 repatriated refugees. A random sample of 161 South European and 396 Finnish labour migrants from the Swedish Annual Level-of-Living Surveys 1980-1981 and 1988-89 was analysed. A random sample of 1,159 age-, sex- and education-matched Swedes served as controls. SETTING: Lund, a medium-sized town in southern Sweden, Santiago and Montevideo, capitals of Chile and Uruguay, respectively, and Sweden. RESULTS: Labour migrants and refugees in particular lived in rented flats while Swedes lived in privately-owned one-family homes. All immigrants and in particular repatriated Latin Americans had low material standard and meagre economic resources compared with Swedes. Being a Latin American refugee, a South European or Finnish labour migrant were independent risk indicators of self-rated poor health in logistic regression (multivariate analyses). Not feeling secure in everyday life and poor leisure opportunities were independent risk factors for poor health with an estimated odds ratio of 3.13(2.09-4.45) and 1.57(1.22-2.00), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows a clear ethnic segregation in housing and other living conditions between Swedes and immigrants, where Latin American refugees and repatriated Latin Americans were most vulnerable. All immigrants had increased self-rated poor health compared with Swedes. Being an immigrant was a risk factor for poor health of equal importance to more traditional risk factors such as lifestyle factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Radiation exposure to personnel in departments of gynaecologic oncology in Sweden.

Radium-226 and cesium-137 are used at six departments of gynaecologic oncology in Sweden. A survey of radiation exposure (dose equivalents) to the personnel is reported. The measurements were performed with TL dosemeters. From dose distribution measurements, the dose equivalents in different parts of the body, related to different working procedures, were determined. Effective dose equivalents and collective dose equivalents were also estimated. The estimated collective dose equivalent for this category of personnel in Sweden was 1.3 manSv. The effective dose equivalent was less than the dose equivalent measured with dosemeters worn on the chest, and was less than half the annual limit set by ICRP.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1991

Lack of correlation between hepatitis B virus infection and the increasing incidence of primary liver cancer in Sweden.

The incidence of primary carcinoma of the liver in Sweden has been reported to increase. In order to study the role of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection for liver cancer development 40 cases with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were examined for the presence of HBV surface antigen and HBV core antigen in the cancer and in the surrounding non-neoplastic liver tissue. It was not possible to demonstrate a single case with tissue HBV antigen, indicating that HBV plays a minor role in the etiology of HCC in Sweden and thus does not seem to be responsible for the increasing incidence of this cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Trends in childhood and adolescent cancer survival in Sweden 1960 through 1984.

The temporal changes in childhood and adolescent cancer survival in Sweden 1960-1984 were analyzed. Complete follow-up through 1986 of 6,262 patients younger than 20 years at diagnosis revealed that the overall 5-year survival rates increased from 36.1 to 65.7% in males and from 43.6 to 73.6% in females. The temporal trends differed markedly between age groups and tumour sites and types. Over the study period, 5-years, survival for testicular cancer increased from 46.9 to 87.2%, kidney cancer, predominantly Wilms' tumour from 35.5 to 77.1% (with a higher rate of 89.1% in 1975-1979), Hodgkin's disease from 61.2 to 91.9%, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma from 32.5 to 76.6%, and all leukemias from 8.9 to 58.7%. Only a moderate improvement was noted for tumours of the bone, muscle and connective tissue, and survival rates for tumours of the nervous system remained largely unchanged. Our data reflect the remarkable therapeutic improvements that have occurred for cancer in the young and indicate that these improvements have rapidly become available in Sweden.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Cancer incidence among male salaried employees at a smeltery in northern Sweden.

This study focuses on mortality and cancer incidence among the male salaried employees at a copper smeltery in northern Sweden, where previously an increased lung cancer risk had been demonstrated among blue-collar workers, with all likelihood due to arsenic exposure. During the period 1928-1979 there has been 1,255 male salaried employees and 6,334 male blue-collar workers. Three cohorts were formed; those who had worked only as salaried employees, those who had worked only as blue-collar workers and those had worked in both job categories. The mortality among the entire group of salaried employees was comparatively lower than that of Sweden as a whole. The incidence of lung cancer was highest among those who had worked in both job categories, most of them former blue-collar workers. The trends in lung cancer incidence among the blue-collar workers along and among those who had had both types of jobs showed the same pattern, with a peak in the 1970s. The decrease in this trend started earlier among the salaried employees. When job category and employment cohort were analyzed together the highest risk was confirmed for those having been employed in both job categories.

Adolescent↗