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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

A cytocidal tissue kallikrein isolated from mouse submandibular glands.

A cytocidal factor against mouse thymocytes was purified from the submandibular glands of female BALB/c mice using Sephadex G-50 gel filtration chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC. SDS-PAGE and amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the cytocidal factor was mouse glandular kallikrein (mGK)-6. mGK-6 showed an optimal enzyme activity at pH 10 and a cytocidal activity against thymocytes in a dose-dependent manner.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Merkel cell tumor-like neuroendocrine carcinoma associated with the submandibular gland. Report of a case with cytologic, immunohistochemical, electron microscopic and flow cytometric studies.

We report a rare case of primary Merkel cell tumor (MCT)-like neuroendocrine carcinoma (i.e., small cell carcinoma) associated with the submandibular gland in a 73-year-old man. Despite the lack of a known skin primary, the tumor exhibited cytomorphologic (predominant single cells with "intermediate filament buttons" in the background), ultrastructural (dense core granules and a globular aggregate of intermediate filaments) and immunohistochemical (paranuclear globular coexpression of cytokeratin and neurofilaments) features identical to that of MCT. The tumor contained an aneuploid peak with DNA index of 1.1 and an S phase of 20.5%. The tumor measured 5.8 cm and was situated between the skin and submandibular gland, with which it was closely associated but separated by connective tissue. The literature on MCT without a known skin primary is reviewed, and the cytomorphologic features that allow the distinction between MCT, lymphoma and oat cell carcinoma are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[A case of metastatic renal tumor originating from a malignant mixed tumor of the submandibular gland].

A rare case of metastatic renal tumor originating from a malignant mixed tumor of the submandibular gland is reported. The patient was a 45-year-old woman with hard masses palpated in the right upper arm and the right upper gluteal region. She had a history of surgical resection of a right submandibular tumor followed by radiotherapy in 1977. Biopsy findings of the gluteal mass suggested a malignant clear cell tumor. A chest X-ray, excretory urogram, CT scan, MRI and renal angiogram were highly suggestive of a right renal cell carcinoma with metastases to the right lung (S1 & S10), the left 4th and 5th ribs, the right upper arm muscle and the right upper gluteal muscle. Right nephrectomy and resection of the right upper arm and right upper gluteal tumors were performed. Microscopic examination showed that all tumors were malignant mixed tumors. When compared to the previous surgical specimen, the tumors were believed to be identical. The tumors of the lung and ribs subsequently resected were malignant mixed tumors. The patient is well with no objective or subjective evidence of recurrent neoplastic disease 7 months post-operatively. To our knowledge only one report of metastatic renal tumor originating from a malignant mixed tumor of the salivary gland has been published in Japan. But metastatic renal tumor originating from the same tumor of the submandibular gland has not been reported previously in Japan.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Lethal effect of male rat submandibular gland homogenate for rat neonates.

Suckling rats injected subcutaneously with male submandibular gland homogenate (SMGH), but not liver homogenate (LH), died within 24 h. Weanling and adult rats injected with proportionately greater doses of male SMGH did not die. Suckling rats injected with male SMGH exhibited a 1200% increase in serum trypsin-like activity while the corresponding increase for an adult receiving a proportionately similar dose was 46%. We suggest that pups injected subcutaneously with SMGH absorbed trypsin-like enzymes into their bloodstream, were unable to inactivate the enzymes, and suffered a hypotensive crisis leading to death.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

Histomorphometrical study of the submandibular gland ductal system in the rat.

The duct system of murine submandibular gland is composed, in contrast with other mammals, by four types of ducts, among which the granular duct is unique for rodents. The granular duct shows a typical secretory structure with a clear intersex morphological diversity on which we carried out a morphometrical study in order to determine the relative area of each duct in rats in comparison with the rest of ducts and the whole gland. Our results, in both sexes, show that the duct with the broadest surface is the granular duct, followed by the excretory, striated and the intercalated ducts. In addition, we found a significant intersex difference between the relative surface of the granular and the excretory ducts, being bigger in males than in females. Finally, in both sexes, there is a greater variation in the data related to the excretory ducts than to the other ducts.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Ultrastructural histochemical study on glycoconjugates of the submandibular gland of rabbits.

An ultrastructural histochemical study was carried out on submandibular glands of rabbits. Stainings were performed with dialysed iron (DI), high iron diamine (HID), tannic acid uranyl acetate (TA-U), tannic acid-ferric chloride (TA-F) sequence, and periodate-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) method. It was demonstrated that neutral glycoproteins are present in the cells with dark granules of the preterminal tracts, and that neutral and acid glycoproteins are present in the cells with light granules of the terminal tracts. Result are discussed and compared to other previously obtained histochemical and biochemical data.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The topography of rat submandibular gland parenchyma as observed with S.E.M.

The parenchymal components of rat submandibular gland were examined by scanning electron microscopy after removal of the stromal connective tissue by acid hydrolysis and/or enzymatic digestion. Secretory acini have polymorphous topographies but usually consist of three to five truncated lobes emanating from a common hilus. They have a mean volume of about 33,000 micrometers3. Myoepithelial cells are associated with the deeper acini of the gland where they cover congruent to 54% of the surface area of their allied acini. Each flattened myoepithelial cell has a central perikaryon that gives rise to four or five broad primary processes that bifurcate two or three times to produce a total complement of 20 to 40 terminal processes per cell, each 0.5 micrometer to 1.7 micrometers wide. The terminal processes of adjacent myoepithelial cells tend to slightly overlap and to attach to each other by desmosomes forming a network over adjacent acini. The components of the duct system are examined and each characterized by salient features as observed with the SEM.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Recovery of submandibular gland function following transoral sialolithectomy].

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the recovery of the submandibular gland function following transoral sialolithectomy. METHODS: The glandular function of 26 patients who received the transoral sialolithectomy were investigated by sequential scintigraphy with 99m Tc pertechetate. RESULTS: Most glandular function recovers normal in short time after operation. Glandular infection, calculus diameter and patients's age could influence the recovery of function. CONCLUSION: In the treatment of sialolithiasis, breaking up the pathogenic process of calculus formation and effectively controlling the glandular infection are very important in preventing from the function reduction. After transoral sialolithectomy preserving the anatomical normal orifice of the duct, and using silivators may be very favorable for the function recovery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Three-dimensional reconstruction of adult female mouse submandibular gland secretory structures.

Computer-assisted reconstructions of adult female mouse submandibular gland have been used to positionally characterize within the three-dimensional structure likely intermediates in secretory cell replacement. The locations of striated granular duct cells and granular intercalated duct cells are consistent with a role as intermediates between intercalated duct cells and granular duct cells or acinar cells, respectively. Average volumes of the two putative intermediate cell types are also consistent with this role. The reconstructions suggest that, in addition to a "streaming" mechanism for secretory cell replacement, formation of new secretory structures composed of multiple acini and second-order intercalated ducts may also contribute to the cell replacement process.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Chemistry of the sulfate groups in a sulfated glycoprotein from rabbit submandibular gland.

A 35S-labeled sulfated glycoprotein was isolated from rabbit submandibular glands. Acid stability studies on the 35sulfate groupings present in the intact glycoprotein gave a half-life of 45 min. Partial acid hydrolysis of the 35S-labeled glycoprotein in 0.1 M HC1 for 90 min at 100 degrees C liberated a radioactive fraction which was free from peptide and fractionated in the monosaccharide range of a Sephadex G-15 column. Examination of this fraction by paper chromatography revealed the presence of a major component having the characteristics of N-acetylglucosamine 6-0-sulfate and a minor component having the properties of N-acetylgalactosamine 6-0-sulfate. The presence of ester sulfate groups in the intact glycoprotein was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Cavernous hemangioma in the submandibular gland masquerading as sialadenitis: case report.

This report describes a case of cavernous hemangioma in the submandibular gland of a 37-year-old Irish woman. The lesion clinically and radiologically (as shown both by plain radiographs and computed tomography imaging) resembled salivary calculous disease. Numerous phleboliths were present in the hemangioma. The rarity of a cavernous hemangioma in such a location and its simulation of salivary calculous disease stimulated us to report the case.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Regulation of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase in the submandibular gland of adult rat.

Cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase was investigated in the submandibular gland of the adult rat to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of cGMP concentration in this gland. Ca2+ sensitivity was easily demonstrated as in other tissues using EGTA in the buffer for elution from DEAE-cellulose. The presence of inhibitor proteins for basal and calmodulin-activated portions of Ca2+-dependent phosphodiesterase was suggested. The inhibitor for the basal activity of Ca2+-dependent phosphodiesterase was deemed to be a heat-labile protein, which decreased Vmax, but had no effect on the Km value for cGMP. The presence of more than one kind of inhibitor for the calmodulin-activated portion of the Ca2+-dependent phosphodiesterase was also suggested. One of these, which was not absorbed on DEAE-cellulose, was a heat-labile protein which caused an increase of Km for cGMP, but no change of Vmax.

3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1998

Augmented levels of macrophage and Th1 cell-related cytokine mRNA in submandibular glands of MRL/lpr mice with autoimmune sialoadenitis.

MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice spontaneously develop destructive inflammation of the salivary and lachrymal glands resembling Sjögren's syndrome (SS), representing an animal model to study this disease. We used in situ hybridization with synthetic radiolabelled oligonucleotide probes to examine expression of mRNA encoding pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in submandibular glands of 2, 3, 4 and 5-month-old MRL/lpr mice. Phenotypic composition of submandibular gland infiltrates was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Cells expressing tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-12 mRNA were strongly up-regulated at about the time of onset of sialoadenitis, suggesting a role of these cytokines in development of the disease. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and cytolysin mRNA-expressing cells were gradually up-regulated over the disease course up to 5 months of age, the time when sialoadenitis is at its height, favouring a role of these cytokines in progression of the disease as well. Low levels of IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) mRNA-expressing cells were observed at 2, 3 and 4 months of age, and were almost undetectable at 5 months. Maximum levels of CD4+, CD8+ and interdigitating/dendritic cells, as well as of MHC class II and MHC class I expression were seen at 3 months, with CD4+ outnumbering CD8+ cells. Maximum levels of macrophages were seen at 4 months of age. These data argue for a major role of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL- 12, IFN-gamma and cytolysin in initiation and perpetuation of autoimmune sialoadenitis in MRL/lpr mice, probably in conjunction with an insufficiency of the anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-beta and IL-10.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Different bindings to lectin in human submandibular gland after enzymatic digestion.

Lectin binding affinities were described in human submandibular gland (SMG) in the paraffin sections following alpha-amylase, sialidase, and trypsin digestions. Lectins in the present study were used Con A (Glc, Man binding lectins), PNA, and SBA(Gal, GalNAc), RCA-1(Gal), DBA(GalNAc), WGA(GlcNAc), and UEA-1(Fuc). Lectin stainings in serous and mucous acinar cells and ductal epithelia were reported to compare enzyme treated and nontreated sections. Amylase treatment showed increasing Con A staining in connective tissue fibers and no marked changes in SMG to lectin bindings. Sialidase digestion was characteristically intense in PNA and SBA bindings in SMG cells, and also enhanced staining to UEA-1 in serous and duct cells and to WGA in mucous and duct cells were noted. Trypsin digestion indicated a slight increase to Con A binding, and was relatively strong to UEA-1 in serous and duct cells and a little strong to WGA. The results suggested that SMG serous cells contain higher amounts of Gal, GalNAc, and Fuc residues; and mucous cells were also abundant in Gal, GalNAc, and GlcNAc residues.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1993

Morphometric studies on terminal tubule and acinar cells in developing submandibular gland of the rat.

Morphometric studies were conducted on rat developing submandibular gland. Terminal tubule cells from 5 and 15-day-old, and acinar cells from 15 and 30-day-old animals, were respectively studied. Radii of approximately spherical terminal tubule cell nuclei were measured in 0.5 micron thick sections; the nuclear volumes were estimated using BACH's method. The volume of nuclei from non-spherical acinar cell was obtained indirectly. The fractions of cellular volume occupied by the nucleus and cytoplasm in both secretory cells were also evaluated and the cytoplasmic volumes thus obtained. Volume density, surface density and surface-to-volume ratio of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, secretory granules and mitochondria, and derived stereological parameters, were determined. The secretory cells of older rats exhibited a greater cytoplasmic volume and higher total volume and surface area of organelles than cells from younger animals. The net daily accumulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane surface area in terminal tubule and acinar cells was 157.7 microns2 and 330.4 microns2, respectively. These values represent a gain of rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane surface of 10.0% and 6.7%, respectively, along the intervals studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Differences in androgen-dependent induction of mk1, true tissue kallikrein in C3H/HeN and ICR mouse submandibular gland.

Androgen-dependent induction of mk1, true tissue kallikrein, in submandibular gland was studied in C3H/HeN and ICR mice and their F1 progeny. By injection of 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), total esteroproteinase activities of female mice were increased to the level of male mice in both C3H/HeN and ICR strains. The mk1 content measured by the radioimmunoassay with anti-mk1 antiserum was decreased in ICR mice, but markedly increased in C3H/HeN mice after DHT injection. We examined the kallikrein isozyme pattern in SMG of two strains using isoelectric focusing. Female ICR mice expressed mainly mk1, mk13 and mk22, and slight mk9. Female C3H/HeN mice expressed mk1, mk9 and pI 6.6-kallikrein. Injection of DHT did not induce any additional kallikrein isozyme in C3H/HeN mice. Furthermore, we made an F1(C3H/HeN) mouse expressing mk13 and mk22 by mating (female C3H/HeN x male ICR). F1(C3H/HeN); these mice showed an androgen response similar to that observed in the ICR mice: mk1 induction in F1(C3H/HeN) mice was decreased by injection of DHT. We suggest the possibility that androgen-dependent mk1 biosynthesis might interact with the expression of other kallikrein isozymes.

Androgens↗
PubMed1989

Processing of one-chain to two-chain renin in the mouse submandibular gland is influenced by androgen.

In the male CD-1 mouse submandibular gland (SMG) renin activity increases markedly with puberty. We have reported that this is, in part, due to an androgen-mediated increase in renin gene transcription. In this study, we examined whether posttranslational processing is also influenced by androgen. We studied secretion and processing of active renin in the CD-1 male mouse SMG which secretes primarily the Ren-2 renin isozyme before and after puberty and also compared findings with the adult female CD-1 mouse. Maturation increases renin level and secretion rate in the male SMG but much less in the female. In addition, Western blot analysis of molecular forms of renin in SMG tissue and media shows a predominance of 1-chain intermediate form of renin before puberty but of the 2-chain mature form thereafter. Adult female SMG contains and secretes much less active renin than the male organ. Administration of testosterone to the female CD-1 mouse induces an adult male level and pattern of secretion, with high concentrations of active 2-chain renin being secreted. These data suggest that SMG renin is androgen regulated, in part by an androgen-responsive enzyme that processes 1-chain renin to the 2-chain form.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

Effects of prior culture or isoproterenol injections on the regeneration of rat submandibular gland autografts.

This study compares the acinar cell regenerative response in submandibular gland (SMG) autografts that were cultured before grafting to the rat tongue with the acinar cell regenerative response in direct SMG autografts to the tongue. In addition, the effects of isoproterenol on direct SMG autografts were studied. A portion of the left SMG was excised from each rat and cut into fragments which were autografted either immediately into the middle one-third of the rat's tongue; or were cultured for 1, 4, or 7 days and then autografted to the donor's tongue. After 8 weeks the rats were killed and the tongues were removed and processed for light microscopic study. The histologic preparations showed evidence of cytodifferentiation into acinar cells in four of the previously cultured SMG autografts. Some of the direct SMG autografts did not contain acinar cells, whereas other direct SMG autografts contained numerous acinar cells and even striated ducts. In the SMG autografts that were cultured for 1 day before autografting and in the direct SMG autografts, the most pronounced regenerative responses were seen in autografts that contained ductlike structures that were apparently connected to the epithelial surface of the tongue. Lastly, isoproterenol appeared to accelerate the regenerative response in some of the direct SMG autografts, and the drug caused acinar cell hypertrophy in two of the direct SMG autografts.

Animals↗