Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “STUTTERING”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Functional speech system disorder in stuttering].

The author studied the EMG or orbicular muscles of the mouth, respiration, pulse frequency, SGR, EEG registration during the pronunciation of words out loud and to onself, during the orientation reflex to sound and verbal stimuli. These indices were mainly studied during autogenic training in patients with neurotic stuttering (the 1st group) and in patients with organic lesions of the CNS and stuttering (the 2nd group). The first group of patients demonstrated formed motor verbal sterotypes. A disturbance of the correct programme of action in the functional speech system is due to an increase of the activity in the limbico-reticular system. The 2nd group exhibits the absence of the correct programme of action in the accomplishment of motor speech stereotypes. The abnormal programme of the activity is formed from the beginning of the speech activity and is fixed in the ontogenetical memory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Heptad breaks in alpha-helical coiled coils: stutters and stammers.

The discontinuities found in heptad repeats of alpha-helical coiled-coil proteins have been characterized. A survey of 40 alpha-fibrous proteins reveals that only two classes of heptad breaks are prevalent: the stutter, corresponding to a deletion of three residues, and the newly identified "stammer," corresponding to a deletion of four residues. This restriction on the variety of insertions/deletions encountered gives support to a unifying structural model, where different degrees of supercoiling accommodate the observed breaks. Stutters in the hemagglutinin coiled-coil region have previously been shown to produce an underwinding of the supercoil, and we show here how, in other cases, stammers would lead to overwinding. An analysis of main-chain structure also indicates that the mannose-binding protein, as well as hemagglutinin, contains an underwound coiled-coil region. In contrast to knobs-into-holes packing, these models give rise to non-close-packed cores at the sites of the heptad phase shifts. We suggest that such non-close-packed cores may function to terminate certain coiled-coil regions, and may also account for the flexibility observed in such long alpha-fibrous molecules as myosin. The local underwinding or overwinding caused by these specific breaks in the heptad repeat has a global effect on the structure and can modify both the assembly of the protein and its interaction properties.

Protein Conformation↗
PubMed1990

A stuttering model for paramyxovirus P mRNA editing.

Paramyxovirus P genes are transcribed into two mRNAs which differ from each other by either one (measles and Sendai virus) or two (SV5 and mumps virus) G insertions, and which code for either the P or V proteins. The G insertions always occur within a short run of Gs, and a stuttering mechanism for the insertions has been suggested in which the viral polymerase reiteratively copies a template C residue during mRNA synthesis. Support for this mechanism was obtained by varying the reaction conditions during Sendai virus mRNA synthesis in vitro. A stuttering model is proposed which accounts for how the ratio of inserted to uninserted mRNAs is controlled, and why some paramyxoviruses insert one G and others two Gs when insertions occur.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Position-specific polymorphism of Plasmodium falciparum Stuttering motif in a PHISTc PFI1780w.

Several genes of Plasmodium falciparum are positively selected due to the pressure from the host immune system. This is a pattern completely opposite to that found in most housekeeping genes, which have few synonymous mutations. The discrepancy is an important topic in Plasmodium biology. We searched for unique polymorphism patterns in P. falciparum and identified a repetitive Stuttering motif in PFI1780w which was recently grouped as a gene in the PHIST family. The repeat has a position-specific polymorphism pattern in the otherwise highly conserved gene. Its mutations are limited to only one small region, and they are not consistent with replication slippage or gene conversion commonly found in low complexity regions. The repeat variation was analyzed in different strains of P. falciparum. The PFI1780w Stuttering motif can be a model to study gene diversification and used as a tool for strain typing.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Stuttering priapism in a liver transplant patient with toxic levels of fk506.

This is the first report of stuttering priapism in a liver transplant patient with toxic levels of the immunosuppressive agent FK506. To date, stuttering priapism has only been reported in patients with sickle cell disease and is not currently listed in the toxicity profile of FK506 or cyclosporine, a drug with a similar mechanism of action. The erections resolved when the FK506 levels normalized. We review the possible mechanisms by which FK506 may have caused these erections.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

WWWWhy does nature stutter? A survey of strands of repeated amino acids.

Human stuttering is a simple example of the repetition of sounds or symbols, sometimes associated with single letters, and may be used to illustrate the amazing repetition of amino acids (symbolized by a letter, e.g. W) in proteins. A survey of available databases with highly improbable strings of single amino acids is tabulated. This paper concludes with a challenge to the crystallographic community to probe the structural origins of the structure-function relationship in this neglected area. When nature stutters, we should pay attention.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1998

Successful treatment of stutter priapism with an antiandrogen.

Recurring periods of prolonged erections in patients with sickle cell disease (stutter priapism) are uncommon, yet troubling sequelae of hemoglobinopathies. Medical or surgical therapy is variably successful in these men. We report a case of stutter priapism successfully treated with an oral antiandrogen.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Dysfluency (stuttering) in extrapyramidal disease.

Acquired stuttering in the adult is rare and is usually associated with trauma or vascular disease. A recent patient had adult-onset dysfluency, and, subsequently, signs of progressive supranuclear palsy developed. A review of cases of extrapyramidal disease identified five parkinsonian patients with stutteringlike behavior. Dysfluencies were of slow onset and were an early symptom. Speech was characterized by repetitions/prolongations on initial syllables, which occurred on both small grammatical and substantive words. Dysfluency was found mostly in self-formulated speech. There was a positive adaptation effect. No secondary motor symptoms occurred and behavioral response to dysfluency was minimal. Speech characteristics of dysfluency associated with extrapyramidal disease differ from both developmental dysfluency and acquired dysfluency secondary to vascular or traumatic insults. In patients with adult-onset stutteringlike dysfluencies it is important to consider extrapyramidal disease.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Normal intracortical excitability in developmental stuttering.

Persistent developmental stuttering (PDS) shares clinical features with task-specific dystonias. In these dystonias, intracortical inhibition is abnormally weak. We therefore sought to determine intracortical inhibition and intracortical facilitation in PDS. In 18 subjects with PDS since childhood (mean age, 39.4 [SD 13.0] years) and 18 speech-fluent controls (43.6 [14.3] years), we investigated resting and active motor thresholds as well as intracortical inhibition and facilitation of the optimal representation of the abductor digiti minimi of the dominant hand using transcranial magnetic stimulation. In PDS, the resting and active motor thresholds were increased, whereas intracortical inhibition and facilitation were normal. Normal intracortical excitability makes a pathophysiological analogy between focal dystonia and PDS less likely. The enhanced motor threshold suggests reduced motor cortical neuronal membrane excitability in PDS.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A neural-network model enabling sensorimotor learning: application to the control of arm movements and some implications for speech-motor control and stuttering.

Low-level motor control is defined as adapting an organism to the unique physical properties of its own limbs. The two-jointed arm serves to exemplify that effective low-level motor control demands a neurally medicated inversion of the dynamics, as well as of the kinematics, of a limb system. Reflex-like processing--that is, feedforword of either actual or predicted proprioceptive signals--is thereby assumed to be the principle of the dynamics control. As regards speech-motor control, the overall tool transformation is assumed to transform the force pattern of the articulatory muscles into speech sounds. Like the arm model, the vocal-tract transformation thus defined is also divided into two parts, namely the transformation relating the muscle forces to the mechanospatial states of the vocal tract (which is analogous to the forward dynamics including natural interarticulatory couplings), and the transformation relating the mechanospatial states to the speech sounds. Low-level speech-motor control, then, needs to invert both transformations, each of which can be learned by means of the self-imitation algorithm. Erroneous learning can fail to decouple interarticulatory coupling and therefore lead to abnormal feedback loops through the reflex-like operating neural network, which in turn can cause stuttering if audiophonatoric coupling is involved in learning.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1977

Survey of patented anti-stuttering devices.

Various types of devices have been patented to alleviate stuttering. Some prevent certain physical actions, such as clamping of the teeth, improper movement of the tounge and improper breathing. Others strengthen or incapacitate certain muscles. The devices and their alleged action on the body are described. United States as well as foreign patents are included. No attempt has been made to evaluate said devices

Europe↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in communication apprehension, satisfaction, and competence in foreign dialect and stuttering clients.

This study examined changes in predispositions toward communication over the course of therapy. Results indicated that both foreign dialect and stuttering clients had significantly lower levels of communication apprehension and higher levels of communication competence after 3 1/2 months of their respective therapies; each client group also demonstrated significant improvements in the speech parameters upon which treatment focused. Discussion focused on the utility of using communication measures with clinical populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Exploring the attitudes of adults who stutter.

In an effort to increase clinicians' confidence and competence in addressing attitudes of those adults who stutter, the following explores the nature of attitudes, attitudinal domains meriting consideration throughout the therapy process, and assessment issues. Included in this discussion are the results of a series of studies that examined communication attitudes and profiles of adults. Finally, some thoughts on intervention and specific research needs are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Severe stuttering associated with right hemisphere lesion.

Following a right hemisphere stroke, a right-handed, 50-year-old male experienced a permanent dysfluency characterized by phoneme and syllable reiterations and, to a lesser extent, word and phrase reiterations. The reiterations occurred in initial, medial, and final positions and for all sentence elements (e.g., subject nouns, object nouns, verbs, modifiers). There was a notable loss of verbal automatisms (poems, songs, etc.). The patient's symptoms conform to the acquired stuttering syndrome described by A. Helm, R. Butler, and D.F. Benson (1978, Neurology, 28, 1159-1165).

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postulated genetic linkage between manic-depression and stuttering.

We record pedigrees of three families in which stuttering and bipolar illnesses are found. An association between the two conditions is demonstrated, and linkage analysis suggests that the respective genes could occur at linked loci. The implications of this finding are noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Speech and nonspeech sequence skill learning in adults who stutter.

UNLABELLED: Two studies compared the speech and nonspeech sequence skill learning of nine persons who stutter (PWS) and nine matched fluent speakers (PNS). Sequence skill learning was defined as a continuing process of stable improvement in speed and/or accuracy of sequencing performance over practice and was measured by comparing PWS's and PNS's performance curves of accuracy, reaction time, and sequence duration, as well as retention and transfer. In experiment one, participants completed a 30-trial finger tapping sequence and in experiment two, a 30-trial read-aloud sequence of nonsense syllables. Significant between-group differences were found in the speed of sequencing performance after practice, and on retention and transfer tests. These results partially supported the inference that PWS demonstrated differences in early stages of sequence skill learning compared to PNS. EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES: As a result of this activity the participant will be able to: (1) define skill learning and the important indicators of skill learning; (2) summarize the reviewed literature concerning the performance of PWS on speech and nonspeech sequencing tasks over practice; and (3) explain the implication of reaction time differences over practice between PWS and PNS.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2006

Acquired stuttering in a patient with Wernicke's aphasia.

We report a patient with aphasia caused by cerebral infarction in the left temporal, parietal and occipital lobes that was complicated by acquired stuttering (AS), which is an unusual association. Our findings indicated that Wernicke's area might be involved in the development of AS.

Aphasia, Wernicke↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Social phobia secondary to physical disability. A review of benign essential tremor (BET) and stuttering.

Persons with physical disabilities cannot be diagnosed as having social phobia under current DSM-III-R criteria. The DSM-III-R social phobia diagnosis excludes persons where a physical disorder causes the distress and phobic avoidance. However, the authors have noted in clinical practice that social phobia and physical disabilities sometimes coexist. A review of the published literature reveals that stutterers and BET patients frequently have social phobia-like symptoms. No prevalence data on comorbid DSM-III-R-defined social phobia were found in these groups (i.e., social phobia occurring in areas where the disability does not cause the distress and avoidance). Further research is warranted to determine the prevalence of social phobic behaviors occurring in conjunction with certain physical disabilities.

Humans↗