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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Bacterial status in root-filled teeth exposed to the oral environment by loss of restoration and fracture or caries--a histobacteriological study of treated cases.

AIM: To describe histological and microbiological findings in teeth where root fillings had been exposed to caries and the oral environment for a prolonged period. METHODOLOGY: For inclusion in the study, only teeth with a follow-up period of 3 years or more and those that had been without proper restoration for at least a period of 3 months were considered. Some root fillings had been without restoration for several years. In all, 39 roots representing 32 teeth were examined by histology. RESULTS: The majority of the specimens were without a discernible periapical bone lesion as assessed by radiography. Osteolytic lesions were seen with five roots. Longitudinal tissue sections stained with a modified Brown/Brenn staining technique revealed presence of stainable bacteria in abundance at the canal entrance and in dentinal tubules but were absent mid-root and apically in all but two specimens. Soft tissue attached to the root tip and in apical ramifications displayed distinct inflammatory cell infiltrates, suggesting microbial exposure in 7 of the 39 roots examined. In all other specimens, inflammatory cell infiltrates were either nonexistent or sparse and then associated with extruded sealer material. CONCLUSIONS: Well-prepared and filled root canals resist bacterial penetration even upon frank and long-standing oral exposure by caries, fracture or loss of restoration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Occlusal migration of a filled root: report of case.

A mandibular premolar was treated by root canal therapy. The root migrated 11 mm in an occlusal direction beneath the anterior retainer of a fixed partial denture during eight years after treatment. Caries occurred at the junction of the root and the anterior retainer; and, as caries continued, the root apparently migrated to compensate for the lost tooth structure.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2002

Composite resin restorations: a cross-sectional survey of placement and replacement in Jordan.

AIMS: To record the reasons for first time placement and replacement of composite resin restorations in Jordan, to determine the use of composite resin restorations in common cavity types and to collect data on the age of the replaced composite resin restorations. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: Dentists in Jordan (n = 241). METHOD: Cross- sectional study using postal survey backed up with personal contact. Data were recorded for all restorations placed or replaced over a period of one month. RESULTS: Information was collected on 2,239 restorations from patients aged 12-65 years. Of all restorations, 61.6% were first time placements while 38.4% were replacement of old restorations. The major reason for the first time placement of restorations was primary caries while that for replacement was secondary caries 36.2%, followed by root canal therapy 22.2%, discolouration 14.4%, lost restorations 13.4%, composite fracture 11.3%, pain or sensitivity 2.4%. CONCLUSIONS: The main reason for first time placement of composite restorations is primary caries; the main reason for replacement is secondary caries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Dental caries in adult and elderly Chinese.

This paper reports on a study of dental caries conducted among 1744 urban and rural Chinese (from 20 to 80 years old), who were selected by means of a systematic stratified sampling procedure. The prevalence of one or more decayed or filled teeth ranged from 48 to 90% in urban residents, and from 51 to 97% in rural residents, depending on age. The mean number of decayed or filled teeth ranged from 1.2 (+/- 1.9) among 20-29-year-olds, to 6.2 (+/- 5.5) among 70+-year-olds, and was highest among rural residents. Among 20-29-year-olds, the main components of the DFT were enamel lesions and fillings. Among 30-49-year-olds, the DFT consisted mainly of enamel lesions and filled teeth, as well as teeth with lesions involving the pulpal tissues. In subjects over the age of 50 years, lesions involving pulpal tissues were the predominant type, followed by root-surface lesions. In subjects below the age of 50 years, most of the caries experience derived from coronal surfaces, particularly occlusal surfaces. Root-surface caries was predominantly a feature of persons aged 50 years and above. Despite a large number of surfaces being at risk of root-surface caries, less than 10% of the surfaces were so affected. Although cross-sectional in nature, these data indicate that when the oral hygiene standards are poor, caries lesions continue to develop and progress throughout life. With age, dental caries becomes a substantial oral health problem in this population of adult and elderly Chinese, despite the availability of some dental services.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Operative dentistry considerations for the elderly.

As the mean age of an older dentate population increases, so does the incidence of dental caries in its primary and secondary forms. Primary and secondary root decay gingival to existing restorations are significant operative problems prevalent in the elderly. Treated root decay is prone to recurrence if the etiology is ignored. Effective, customized prevention must parallel operative intervention. The dentist today has a wider selection of techniques and materials than ever before to treat the elderly patients. Use of preventive restorative materials such as conventional and hybrid glass ionomer materials for the treatment of root decay are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[In vitro effect of an air-powder abrasive system on the susceptibility of dental tissues to artificial caries].

An air-powder jet abrasive system has recently been introduced for stain removal from teeth. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether its abrasive effect on enamel and on the root renders these surfaces more caries prone. The AIR-FLOW (EMS SA) abrasive was directed for 30 seconds on predetermined (test) sites of the crown and the root of each of 10 teeth, under controlled conditions. These and adjacent (control) sites in the form of windows, were then exposed to an acid gel for caries-like lesion formation. The central sections of each window were examined under the polarizing microscope. The enamel treated with the abrasive appeared somewhat roughened while the root showed crater-like abrasion defects averaging 303 mm (+/- 140) in depth. The mean depth of enamel test lesions was 253 mm (+/- 77) and that of control lesions 98 mm (+/- 77), the difference being statistically significant (p less than 0.001). The corresponding values for the root lesions were 695 mm (+/- 103) and 695 mm (+/- 120) respectively. Consequently, enamel surface modification by AIR-FLOW decreased the resistance of enamel to caries-like lesions in vitro and it is postulated that this may also happen at "susceptible sites" in vivo. Loss of cementum and superficial dentine abraded by AIR-FLOW was significant but did not lead to increased root susceptibility to caries-like lesions in vitro.

Air↗
PubMed1990

Root lesions.

In the elderly, but increasingly also in middle-aged patients, root lesions are a major problem in everyday practice. Formerly, the cause of these root destructions was usually caries attack due to a failure of patients to practise adequate oral hygiene measures. However, with increasing dental motivation and health consciousness, patients--for example in the USA, Scandinavian countries and Switzerland--cause such lesions by vigorous, badly controlled brushing, often in combination with the consumption of 'healthy' vegetarian, erosive diets. The former problem of carious root destruction due to neglect thus seems to be gradually being replaced by the problem that self-care is not yet thoroughly understood, is exaggerated and is technically inadequate. Faulty brushing may result in severe damage to those gingival sites that require attention cariologically as well as periodontologically. To exploit all possibilities of (secondary) preventive management of patients, careful investigation and analysis of the clinical signs is required to identify the aetiology of the lesions in each case. Fortunately, therapeutic management of root lesions, regardless of their aetiology, is facilitated by modern restorative techniques and materials.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Fluoride-releasing core build-up materials and artificial caries.

UNLABELLED: This study examined the effect of fluoride-releasing core build-up materials upon both enamel and root demineralization in an artificial caries system. Thirty extracted human molars were randomly assigned to three treatment groups consisting of (1) conventional composite core build-up paste, (2) fluoridated core build-up paste and (3) glass cermet. Teeth were thermocycled 350 times between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C using 30-second dwell times. Acid-resistant varnish was placed on the specimens to within 1 mm of the restoration and the teeth were subjected to an artificial-caries challenge at pH 4.2 for 72 hours. Teeth were then sectioned and the thin sections photographed using a polarized light microscope. Areas of the artificial-caries lesions were measured using a sonic digitizing pad. Mean lesion area (in arbitrary units from the digitizing pad) on enamel for Group 1 was 3.76 +/- 0.54; Group 2 was 2.53 +/- 1.17 and Group 3 was 2.32 +/- 0.68. Mean lesion area on root for Group 1 was 3.04 +/- 0.54; Group 2 was 2.34 +/- 0.58 and Group 3 was 2.51 +/- 0.53. ANOVA with Duncan's multiple range test of contrast indicates a significant difference (P less than 0.001) on both enamel (35 +/- 3%) and root (20 +/- 3%) between the non-fluoridated product and the two fluoridated products. There were no significant differences between Group 2 and 3. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This artificial caries study indicates that a fluoride-releasing core material may be of value in preventing demineralization of tooth structure adjacent to the restorative core material.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Investigation of DNA reactivity of endodontic agents by rec-assay.

Eight endodontic agents were tested for their reactivity with DNA by the rec-assay system. Employing 2 strains of Bacillus subtilis with different recombination capacities, the assay suggested that DNA damage is produced by agents for root canal cleaning containing sodium hypochloride. Other endodontic drugs, including disinfectants for caries cavities, sedatives for pulp, root canal disinfectants, and pulp devitalizing agents containing phenol, camphor, tricresol, formalin, and paraformaldehyde were also positive by rec-assay and would seem to potentially of damage cellular DNA in Bacillus subtilis. Though no clear evidence exists that drugs showing positive results by rec-assay induce malignant tumors in the oral region, these agents should be used carefully since they would seem to possibly cause genetic toxicity in mammalian cells.

Camphor↗
PubMed1999

Diet and dental caries.

Dental caries is a diet-related disease that continues to be a problem for certain dental patients. Frequent consumption of fermentable carbohydrates that have low oral clearance rates increases the risk for enamel caries and perhaps is even more dangerous for root surfaces. Highly acidogenic snack foods should be consumed at mealtimes to reduce the risk, and between-meal snacks should be either nonacidogenic (such as xylitol products) or hypoacidogenic (such as sorbitol and HSH products). Cheeses present a naturally occurring situation that may provide anticariogenic effects from the diet. Certain additives as well as sugar substitutes show great promise for the provision of between-meal snack foods that reduce the risk of dental caries. The dental team should thoroughly understand the relationship of diet to caries and conscientiously apply that knowledge to educate the patients in general as well as counsel specific high-risk individuals. Further emphasis should be placed on the acquisition of sound scientific data for counseling caries patients concerning diet and dental caries.

Acids↗
PubMed1984

Microbiological findings of infected root canals and adjacent periodontal pockets in teeth with advanced periodontitis.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the flora from the root canals and periodontal pockets of teeth with advanced periodontal disease in order to compare the predominant cultivable microflora from the canals with those found in the adjacent periodontal pockets. Three samples were collected from each of sixteen patients, one from the root canal and two from the adjacent periodontal pocket in two different sites. Criteria for inclusion in the survey were pocket depth of greater than or equal to 7 mm, intact clinical crowns, and lack of periapical lesions. The study has demonstrated that the microorganisms present in the root canals of caries-free teeth with advanced periodontitis generally resembled those found in the adjacent periodontal pockets. The similarity in the recovery of organisms in the current study suggests that the pocket could be the source of the root canal infections. Further investigation is needed to clarify whether such factors as duration of periodontitis and age of the patient play a role in pulpal pathosis and whether the presence of specific bacterial species is also a factor in the etiology and pathogenesis of pulp disease.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1990

[An in vitro study of the antimicrobial effectiveness of ultrasonic instrumentation].

Successful endodontic therapy is based upon the classic triad of diagnosis, adequate canal preparation, and obturation. Preparation for a root canal has two major components--debridement and shaping. Debridement, or cleaning, consists of removal of necrotic intracanal dentin and organic debris, and reduction of the bacteria inside the root canal. According to the research, the endontic ultrasonic system plays a valuable and significant and synergistic role in aiding the bacteriocidal mechanisms based on the cavitation and acoustic streaming effect. The purpose of this study was to compare the antimicrobial effectiveness of two newly developed endodontic ultrasonic devices and the conventional hand-filing techniques. Eighty single root canal teeth with deep caries or apical lesions were selected and evenly divided into 4 groups. The root canals were prepared using conventional hand filing or one of two newly developed ultrasonic filing systems, ENAC and CAVI-ENDO. The contents of the root canals before and after debridement were cultured in a thioglycolate culture tube. The results showed that in the ultrasonically prepared specimens irrigated with a normal saline solution, the microbial culture numbers were significantly reduced and obviously different from those prepared by the hand instrumentation technique. The above mentioned differences were statistically significant at the level of p less than 0.05 by the McNemar test and Chi-square test.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2005

The effect of different desensitizing agents on initial demineralization of human root dentin.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the caries-protective effect of 3 different desensitizing agents (Seal & Protect 2.0, D/Sense 2, and Gluma Desensitizer) on root dentin in vitro. METHOD AND MATERIALS: The root surfaces of 60 freshly extracted, caries-free human molars were used. After removing the cementum, the teeth were coated with an acid-resistant nail varnish, exposing 2 rectangular windows of 2 X 3 mm each on the root surface. One window served as an untreated control, and the other window was treated with 1 of the desensitizing agents. The specimens were randomly distributed among the following experimental groups: group A, D/Sense 2; group B, Seal & Protect 2.0; and group C, Gluma Desensitizer. Subsequently, all specimens were demineralized for 14 days with acidified gel (HEC, pH 4.8, 37 degrees C). Two dentinal slabs were cut from each window. The slabs were ground to a thickness of 80 microm and immersed in water. The demineralization depth was determined using a polarized light microscope. RESULTS: The nontreated control specimens showed lesions with a mean depth of 84.9 microm (+/- 6.0). In the specimens treated with the desensitizing agents, lesion depth was generally significantly reduced. Statistical analysis revealed significantly lower values for the specimens in group B in comparison with the others. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of an in vitro investigation, it can be concluded that the demineralization of the root surface can be hampered by applying the desensitizing agents tested.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

Pulpal inflammation and incidence of coronary heart disease.

Pulpal inflammation is primarily caused by coronal caries, and leads to root canal therapy (RCT). Chronic inflammation has been associated with various cardiovascular diseases. This study evaluates the association between pulpal inflammation (using RCT as a surrogate) and incident coronary heart disease (CHD). We report results among males from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS), excluding participants with prior cardiovascular disease or diabetes. We obtained RCT data from the HPFS cohort (n = 34,683). Compared to men without RCT, those with >/=1 RCT had a multivariate RR of 1.21 (95% CI 1.05-1.40) for CHD. The association was limited to dentists (RR = 1.38; 95% CI 1.14-1.67). There was no association among nondentists (RR = 1.03). Dental caries was not associated with CHD. The results suggest a possible modest association between pulpal inflammation and CHD.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1991

The oral health of the elderly in Melbourne.

A survey of 303 subjects over the age of 60 years collected demographic and oral health status data for analysis. The majority of the sample (64.2 per cent) were edentulous. Over 90 per cent of the dentate subjects required scaling and the removal of plaque (CPITN score of TN2); however, just less than half of the sextants examined were excluded because they contained fewer than two functional teeth. About one-third of the dentate subjects required no treatment for dental caries. Of those who required treatment, most needed only one restoration of any particular type. Total tooth loss was associated with gender, level of education, previous occupation, and birthplace. The need for complex periodontal treatment (TN3) was not high, nor was there a high prevalence of root or cervical dental caries.

Aged↗