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PubMed2006

Effectiveness of rotary and hand files in gutta-percha and sealer removal using chloroform or chlorhexidine gel.

The purpose of this study was to assess in vitro the efficacy of nickel-titanium K3 rotary files and hand files for removal of gutta-percha and sealer from obturated root canals using either chloroform or chlorhexidine as solvents. Sixty extracted single-rooted bovine teeth with straight, large canals were prepared, obtured and randomly assigned to 3 groups (n=20). The teeth were stored at 37 degrees C for 1 month and then the gutta-percha and sealer were removed using different techniques, as follows. Group I: size 3 Gates-Glidden drills plus size 30 hand K-files and Hedström files and chloroform; Group II: K3 NiTi rotary files and chloroform; and Group III: K3 NiTi rotary files and 2% chlorhexidine gel. Radiographs were taken and scanned and the images were digitized. The total area of the canal and the area with remaining obturation material were measured in millimeters using a computed image analysis system (ImageLab). Data were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test at 5% significance level. The groups differed statistically (p<0.05) with respect to the average percentage of remaining gutta-percha and sealer, presenting the following sequence of effectiveness (from most to least effective): Group I (15.48%), Group II (28.42%) and Group III (35.96%). The findings of this study showed that, despite the technique used for removal of filling material, none of the retreated canals were completely free of gutta-percha and sealer remnants. The use of stainless steel hand files resulted in a lesser amount of filling debris than the use of nickel-titanium rotary instruments.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Flare-up rate in pulpally necrotic molars in one-visit versus two-visit endodontic treatment.

This retrospective study compared one-visit versus two-visit endodontic treatment. The same technique and materials were used before and after making the sole change to one-visit endodontic treatment in 1991. Treatment records of 402 consecutive patients with pulpally necrotic first and second molars were compared. In 201 patients, treatment was provided by debridement and instrumentation, followed by obturation at a second visit; whereas the second group received single visit therapy. Flare-ups were defined as either patient reports of pain not controlled with over-the-counter medication or as increasing swelling. Sixteen flare-ups (8%) occurred in the two-visit group versus six flare-ups (3%) for the one-visit group. This showed an advantage for one-visit treatment at a 95% confidence level. In a second comparison, one-visit patients who had previously received two-visit treatment for a different pulpally necrotic molar served as their own control. No significant differences were present in this subgroup of 17 patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Two canals in mesiobuccal roots of maxillary molars.

The purpose of this study was to examine extracted root canal treated maxillary molars cleared for: (i) the presence of a mesiopalatal (MP) canal in both first and second molars, (ii) the extension of MP canal from the pulp to the apical area, and (iii) the incidence of two foramina in the MB root. Seventy-two extracted maxillary molars (42 first and 30 second molars) were root canal treated by graduate students. The mesiobuccal (MB) roots of these samples were rendered transparent using a clearing technique. The results demonstrated that 52.3% of first and 40% of second molars had two canals obturated in the MB root. After clearing the same roots, the presence of MP canals rose to 80.9% and 66.6%, respectively. The MP canals were root canal treated as far as the foramen in 35.2% of first and 35% of second molars. However, after making them transparent, 91.1% and 90% showed the presence of this canal to the anatomical apex. The MB roots of the root canal treated first molars showed the presence of two foramina in 47% of cases but in 88.2% after clearing. The second molars showed 50% and 70%, respectively. The differences between root canal treated teeth before and after clearing were significantly different in almost all comparisons in both first and second molars. The only exception was when the presence of two foramina was compared before and after the clearing process in second molars (McNemar test P < 0.05).

Coloring Agents↗
PubMed1990

An update on endodontics: 1. Endodontic diagnosis and preparation.

In recent years manufacturers have responded to an increase in endodontic treatments by developing a number of new products. New techniques have also been introduced. In this two-part article the author critically reviews these developments. In Part 1 he looks at diagnosis of endodontic problems and outlines root canal preparation techniques. In Part 2 he will examine file designs and techniques for root canal obturation.

Dental Pulp Diseases↗
PubMed1997

Delayed endodontic and orthodontic treatment of cross-bite occurring after luxation injury in permanent incisor teeth.

A case is presented in which combined endodontic and orthodontic therapy was performed in traumatically injured teeth 12 months after an accident. Calcium hydroxide treatment was used to halt any possible resorption during orthodontic treatment. The teeth were repositioned in a desirable manner without any complication by orthodontic treatment. Root canal obturation was accomplished after the completion of active orthodontic treatment. Recall examination 12 months after completion of root canal treatment showed clinical and radiographic evidence of healing.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[In vitro evaluation of five root canal sealers].

BACKGROUND: An adequate film thickness is an important property of an endodontic sealer, when used in combination with gutta-percha, to eventually fill minimal voids between gutta-percha and the root canal walls, ensuring an hermetic three-dimensional root canal obturation. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the film thickness of the following five root canal sealers: RSA, Rocanal R4, N2, Bioseal and Acroseal. METHODS: The testing procedures strictly followed ANSI/ADA spec. no. 57 for endodontic filling materials. All root canal sealers were mixed at room temperature strictly following mixing procedures advised by manufacturers. A small amount of sealer was placed between two glass plates and load of 147 N was applied vertically on the top glass plate. After 10 min, the thickness of sealers was measured by a micrometer assembled on a stereomicroscope (Lomo MBC 10). Data were collected and statistically analysed. RESULTS: Results (expressed in micron) were the following: RSA=9,3 (+/-1), Rocanal R4 95 (+/-12), N2 50 (+/-23), Bioseal 41 (+/-13) and Acroseal =9 (+/-2.55). CONCLUSIONS: RSA and Acroseal showed the best results (a statistically significant difference was noted among these sealers and the others). On the other hand Bioseal and (partially) N2 showed values compatible with a valid clinical use, while Rocanal R4 showed values higher than minimum standard values allowed by ANSA/ADA spec. no. 57.

Dental Cements↗
PubMed1994

Endodontic retreatment of thermafil or lateral condensation obturations in post space prepared teeth.

The purpose of this study was to quantify the amount of remaining gutta-percha/sealer after retreatment of post space prepared teeth obturated with a lateral condensation technique or with Thermafil with plastic and metallic carrier. The time required for retreatment was also recorded. Forty-five extracted mandibular premolars were prepared using a step-back flared technique and obturated. The post space was prepared and a 5-mm obturation was left in the canal. Retreatment of all groups was done using a solvent technique. The teeth were split longitudinally and photographed. The total area of the canal and the area of gutta-percha/sealer were traced on white paper. Both areas were quantified using a computerized image analysis system and the ratio of remaining obturation material to root canal periphery was derived and statistically analyzed. Statistical analysis (analysis of variance, p = 0.01) showed no differences among the techniques when the average percentage of remaining gutta-percha/sealer was compared. Results revealed that the Thermafil metallic retreatment group consumed significantly more time than the others (analysis of variance, Scheffe p = 0.01). The metallic carriers were not easily removed from the canals, six metal carriers could not be retrieved during the retreatment routine.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of endodontic retreatment of laterally condensed gutta-percha and Thermafil with plastic carriers.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate canal wall cleanliness in cases of retreatment using laterally condensed gutta-percha and Thermafil with plastic carriers. Forty extracted mandibular canines were prepared using a step-back flared technique and divided into two groups: group A, obturated with lateral condensation and group B, obturated with Thermafil. AH26 was the sealer used in both groups. Retreatment of all teeth was done using Gates Glidden burs and a solvent. The teeth were then split longitudinally, photographed, and projected onto a screen at x10 magnification. The total area of the canal and the area of gutta-percha/sealer were then traced on white paper. Both areas were accurately quantified using a computerized image analysis system and the ratio of remaining obturation material to root canal periphery was derived and statistically analyzed. Results showed that the average percentage of the remaining gutta-percha/sealer was 14.23 for the lateral condensation group and 15.70 for the Thermafil group with no statistically significant difference (Student's t test, p = 0.01). The plastic carrier was easily removed from the canals.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

The use of 3D computerized reconstruction for the study of coronal microleakage.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new method for studying coronal microleakage associated with root-filled teeth. METHODOLOGY: Twenty human mandibular posterior teeth were prepared chemomechanically with the stepback technique and then divided into two groups of 10 teeth each. The canals were filled using lateral condensation of gutta-percha points; Roth's 801 was used as a sealer for the first group, and Ketac-Endo for the second. After 48 h, the temporary fillings in the access cavities were removed, the roots coated with three layers of nail polish and then the teeth were exposed to artificial saliva for 40 days. Subsequently, the crowns of the teeth were placed into Indian ink for 4 days before the coating was removed and the teeth embedded in a two-phase polyester resin. Serial cross sections were taken from each specimen using a microtome, and each cross section photographed under a stereoscopic microscope. The photographs of the cross sections were digitized using an image scanner and the contours of the external surface of the teeth, the obturated root canals and the boundaries of dye penetration were followed. Finally, a three-dimensional surface representation was achieved using the triangulation method. RESULTS: Although the sample size and the experimental methods were not designed to form valid groups, the results showed that all roots obturated with Ketac-Endo sealer had dye microleakage, whilst only three teeth of the Roth's 801 group had dye microleakage. CONCLUSIONS: The 3D reconstruction of dye microleakage proved to be an interesting method and a useful tool for the evaluation of coronal microleakage when using different types of root canal sealers.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2000

Management of a horizontal root fracture after previous root canal therapy.

This case report concerns a 9-year-old girl who had a horizontal root fracture of her maxillary left central incisor and had root canal therapy performed by her family dentist immediately after the injury. Because of the incomplete canal obturation, the root canal filling material was removed, and calcium hydroxide therapy was initiated. Healing at the fracture site occurred, with hard tissue forming between the root segments. The coronal segment of the root was then obturated with gutta-percha. The patient later had orthodontic treatment with some movement of the coronal segment. Six-year post-treatment follow-up shows apparent clinical and radiographic success. This case illustrates the potential for repair of a horizontal root fracture after endodontic retreatment of the coronal segment and long-term splinting.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Root canal volume].

In this research we used 180 noncarious teeth, 15 from each kind, in which we cut the anatomic crown. After that we weighted the roots, each group separately, before and after the root canal obturation with the technique of lateral condensation of gutta percha and Grossman's sealer. The difference of the two weights represent the overload of the tooth after obturation. Then using mathematical rules we configured out the mean volume of the root canal of each group and the mean value of the diameter of the orifice of the canal of each group of teeth.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗
PubMed1999

A clinical study on the effects of pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation at root canals immediately after pulpectomy and shaping.

OBJECTIVE: The effects of pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation for the treatment of root canals immediately after pulpectomy and shaping with regard to improvement of symptoms were evaluated clinically. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The effects of pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation for the treatment of root canals were experimentally investigated using an animal model, but not under clinical conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight teeth from 29 patients were diagnosed as normal or irreversible pulpitis were used. After extirpation of pulp and shaping using a step-back technique and cleansing with 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), laser irradiation was applied at 1 W and 15 pps for 1 second in 23 teeth (laser-treated group). Root canals were then obturated with gutta-percha points and sealer by the lateral condensation method. The condition of the obturations was confirmed radiographically. The control teeth were treated in the same way, but without laser irradiation. Occurrence of spontaneous pain was recorded 1 day after treatment and occurrence of percussion pain was recorded 1, 2, and 3 weeks after treatment. RESULTS: Effective ratio, which was the ratio of the number of "none" teeth to total teeth number in the laser-treated group, was higher than that in the control group, but there was no significant difference between 2 groups with regard to spontaneous and percussion pain (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the clinical application of pulsed Nd:YAG laser might be advantageous for the one-visit treatment of root canals immediately after pulpectomy shaping and to reduce postoperative pain.

Adolescent↗