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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Single intralesional tracer dose for radio-guided excision of clinically occult breast cancer and sentinel node.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of both lymphatic mapping and probe-guided primary tumor excision by use of intralesional tracer administration in clinically occult breast cancer. METHODS: Sixty patients with a clinically occult breast lesion were prospectively included. Lymphoscintigraphy was performed after intratumoral injection of 99mTc-labeled nanocolloid guided by ultrasound or stereotaxis. A catheter over a localization wire was inserted for intraoperative blue dye administration by using the same imaging techniques. After sentinel node identification, the gamma-ray detection probe was used for radio-guided wide local excision in patients who underwent breast-conserving therapy. RESULTS: A sentinel node was visualized on the scintigrams in 56 patients (93%) and could be identified intraoperatively in 58 patients (97%). A sentinel node contained tumor in 10 (17%) of these patients. Extra-axillary sentinel nodes were visualized in 43%, were collected in 38%, and contained metastasis in 7% of the patients. Complete excision of the primary tumor could be accomplished in 39 (87%) of 45 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Both sentinel node biopsy and probe-guided excision of a nonpalpable breast cancer is feasible with the aid of intralesional tracer administration. Sentinel node metastasis was found in 17% of the patients. A remarkably high percentage of extra-axillary drainage (43%) was observed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2006

Radio-frequency lesioning in brain tissue with coagulation-dependent thermal conductivity: modelling, simulation and analysis of parameter influence and interaction.

Radio-frequency brain lesioning is a method for reducing e.g. symptoms of movement disorders. A small electrode is used to thermally coagulate malfunctioning tissue. Influence on lesion size from thermal and electric conductivity of the tissue, microvascular perfusion and preset electrode temperature was investigated using a finite-element model. Perfusion was modelled as an increased thermal conductivity in non-coagulated tissue. The parameters were analysed using a 2(4)-factorial design (n=16) and quadratic regression analysis (n=47). Increased thermal conductivity of the tissue increased lesion volume, while increased perfusion decreased it since coagulation creates a thermally insulating layer due to the cessation of blood perfusion. These effects were strengthened with increased preset temperature. The electric conductivity had negligible effect. Simulations were found realistic compared to in vivo experimental lesions.

Brain↗
PubMed1984

A solid-phase radio-binding assay for the characterization of lectin recognition.

A rapid and quantitative method for characterizing lectin specificity is presented. This assay is analogous to solid-phase radioimmune assays and utilizes the property of irreversible binding of proteins to vinyl microtiter plates. The lectins phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A bind to vinyl and retain their biological properties. Iodinated fetuin and immunoglobulin G are both bound by the immobilized lectins. Competing amounts of ligands presented at the same time as the iodinated glycoproteins are shown to reduce binding to the immobilized lectins. Conversely, glycoprotein ligands immobilized to vinyl retain their ability to be recognized and bind lectins. The solid-phase binding assay can be used to characterize the ligand-binding specificity of lectins. For example, the pattern of glycoprotein inhibition of the binding of iodinated gorgonian lectin from Leptogorgia virgulata to insolubilized thyroglobulin is virtually identical to the pattern reported previously using hemagglutination inhibition. The solid-phase radio-binding assay is rapid, reproducible, and sensitive to nanogram quantities of ligand added. Most importantly, it provides quantitative information on lectin recognition.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Plasma membranes from cardiac cells in culture. Enzymatic radio-iodination, evaluation of preparation and properties of the sarcolema.

Plasma membranes from heart (sarcolemma) were prepared by the method of Kidwai, A.M. (1975) Methods in Enzymology (Fleischer, S. and Packer, L., eds.), Vol XXXIA, pp. 134--144, Academic Press, New York). On many occasions the sarcolemmal fraction identified by the enzyme markers such as (Na+ + K+)-ATPase banded at heavier densities (d greater than 1.25 g/ml) than expected for plasma membrane (d less than 1.15 g/ml). Radio-iodination of the membrane was added as an independent marker and conditions for the reproducible preparation of the sarcolemma were studied. Cultured heart cells were enzymatically iodinated under conditions which did not affect viability and labeled primarily the sarcolemma. The distribution of radioactivity in homogenates of cultured cells on the density gradient corresponded to that of the enzymes' activity. The best sarcolemma preparation was obtained with 0.3 M KCl extraction of heart homogenates in the presence of 0.05 M pyrophosphate, especially if the salt was also present during the fractionation by density gradient centrifugation. Alterations in the density were also observed with erythrocytes and cultured liver cells' plasma membrane. The data suggests a meta-stable state of the plasma membranes due to handling or storage which could cause alterations of some of their physical properties (e.g. density).

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1983

A radio-isotope study of the healing of mandibular bone grafts in patients.

Radionucleotide scanning is now accepted as a reliable method of visualising the metabolic activity of the skeletal system. Its application to the maxillo-facial region is reviewed, and its possible role in monitoring the healing of bone grafts is discussed. The radio-isotope 99m technetium-methylene diphosphonate was used to study the revascularisation and healing of large autogenous bone grafts to the mandible in eight patients. The scans demonstrated the dynamic activity in the grafts and showed varying patterns in different types of grafts.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed1980

Direct analysis of the lectin reactivity of alpha-fetoprotein in maternal serum by crossed affinity radio-immunoelectrophoresis.

Affinity experiments with the lentil (Lens culinaris) lectin have revealed the existence of two distinct molecular populations of alpha-fetoprotein: lectin reactive and lectin non-reactive. Using a combination of crossed lectin immunoelectrophoresis and radio-immunoelectrophoresis, it has been possible to obtain directly the lentil lectin affinity patterns of alpha-fetoprotein present in maternal sera. The lentil lectin reactivity of maternal alpha-fetoprotein decreases almost linearly with the gestational age from week 15 to 35.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Methodological effects on the quantitation of serum ferritin by radio- and enzymoimmunoassays.

Serum ferritin is normally quantitated by sensitive radio- or enzymoimmunoassays, which are based either on a competitive reaction between the unlabelled and labelled antigen (RIA), or on a non-competitive reaction between the sample and the labelled antibody (IRMA and ELISA). Both methods appear to be satisfactory for the clinical evaluation of serum ferritin. However, the effect of these methods on the quantitation of serum ferritin has never been carefully studied. This paper describes and compares five different immunoassays for the evaluation of serum ferritin: two competitive RIAs, one non-competitive IRMA and two non-competitive ELISAs. The same anti-ferritin antibody and ferritin standards were used for all the assays. The RIAs were found to be less sensitive than either the ELISAs or the IRMA, and all showed a similar degree of cross-reactivity with ferritin extracted from spleen and HeLa cells. A significant difference between the assays was found in the determination of serum ferritin: in fact the RIAs over-estimated serum ferritin by about 50% more than the IRMA, whereas the ELISAs under-estimated serum ferritin by about 15% less than the IRMA.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1988

Optimization of histamine radio enzyme assay with purified histamine-N-methyltransferase.

The radio enzyme assay for histamine based on the transmethylation with purified histamine-N-methyltransferase and utilizing [3H-methyl]-S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor has been optimized to measure low histamine concentrations, for example in plasma. The pH-optimum for the assay is pH 8.3 in Tris-glycine buffer at 20 degrees C. An incubation time of 90 min is necessary using an enzyme concentration of 5.8 micrograms/ml. EDTA and dithiothreitol were included in the assay to keep the histamine-N-methyltransferase active as agents that oxidize -SH groups were found to be inhibitory to the reaction. The present assay is sensitive to about 0.5 nmol/l of histamine in a sample volume of 50 microliter (about 3 pg/sample).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effect of drugs on histamine radio-enzyme assay.

The effect of over 200 drugs and other compounds on histamine radio-enzyme assay was studied. Some muscle relaxants (e.g. alcuronium), some sympathomimetics (e.g. dopamine, isoxsuprine, tyramine and possibly phenylethylamine), antimalarial drugs, procaine, procainamide, Berenil and serotonin were potent compounds to interfere with this assay. In some special cases still potentially inhibitory drugs seemed to be some muscle relaxants (e.g. vecuronium, pancuronium and tubocurarine), antidepressants, antihistamines (e.g. cimetidine, ranitidine and diphenhydramine), chinidin, disopyramide, tolazoline and salazosulfapyridine.

Histamine↗
PubMed1983

The level of nerve growth factor (NGF) as a function of innervation. A correlation radio-immunoassay and bioassay study of the rat iris.

A two-site radio-immunoassay for beta NGF demonstrated 5-10 pg of NGF in the normal, adult rat iris. Ciliarectomy or sympathectomy did not significantly alter the amount of NGF after 10 days. However, denervation including all sensory axons (stereotactic lesion distal to the trigeminal ganglion) increased the level to about 100 pg of NGF. Total denervation resulting from homologous transplantation of the iris gave a similar increase after only 2 days. Fibre outgrowth responses evoked by corresponding iris explants in an NGF bioassay supported the results and suggested in addition that sympathetic denervation may cause a moderate transient increase in NGF after 3 days. It seems that sensory nerves in particular influence the level of NGF in a terminal field, either by a high capacity for uptake and removal of NGF or by exerting a negative feed-back on the production or processing of this growth factor.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The diurnal fluctuations in unincorporated radio-thymidine pool and its relation to the circadian rhythm of thymidine incorporation in mouse pinna skin.

The circadian variation in the labelling indices of epidermal basal and sebaceous gland cells in murine pinna is a well documented phenomenon. This, however, observes only the incorporated label and takes no account of any rhythmic changes in the precursor pool. It is reported here that, using a liquid scintillation counting method, there is a diurnal change in the level of unincorporated radio-labelled thymidine, which is apparently not related to the rhythm of thymidine incorporation. The implications of this phenomenon and its relationship to DNA synthesis are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effect of handling of plasma samples on histamine radio-enzyme assay.

1. Freeze-thawing of plasma samples increased the histamine level at physiological histamine concentrations as analyzed by radio-enzyme assay, but not by high performance liquid chromatography. 2. Heating of plasma samples decreased the histamine levels. 3. Enzymatic or non-enzymatic formation of histamine during handling of plasma samples was not detected. 4. Some albumin preparations contain histamine.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Sensitive measurement of endotoxin by radio-rocket immunoelectrophoresis using [125I] Staphylococcus aureus protein A.

Antibody directed against the core glycolipid antigen (CGL) of the mutant Salmonella minnesota Re 595 has been shown to cross-react with endotoxin from bacteria within the group Enterobacteriaceae. Using this cross-reactive CGL antibody we have developed a sensitive (250 pg) radio-rocket immunoelectrophoretic technique to measure endotoxin. We used the principles of rocket immunoelectrophoresis and increased the sensitivity by using 125 I-labelled staphylococcal protein A which serves as a sensitive probe to bind to the Fc portion of the IgG complexed with antigen. The rocket-shaped [125I] protein A labelled immune complexes were detected by radioautography. The sensitivity is 100-fold greater than conventional Coomassie brilliant blue staining. Measurement of CGL was inhibited by normal human serum. However, the assay had the capacity to quantitate endotoxin in buffer extracts of clinically isolated Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae but not Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Analysis of various preparations of CGL obtained from different investigators demonstrated wide variation in their immunoreactivity. Because of the significant cross-reaction to detect various endotoxins this method has the potential to measure endotoxemia and assess the immunochemical quality of various endotoxin preparations. Additionally, the technique of using [125I] protein A has wide applicability for the sensitive measurement of other antigens.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1979

Aspergillus nidulans as a test organism for assessing radio-induced chromosomal non-disjunction.

A genetically marked heterozygous diploid of Aspergillus nidulans was synthesized and the feasibility of using this system for the simultaneous estimation of radio-induced mitotic crossing-over and non-disjunction has been investigated. In the case of the latter, serious experimental problems have been encountered. Nevertheless, induction curves for non-disjunction with 15-MeV electrons, 50-kVp X-rays, beta-particles and alpha-particles are presented showing an increase in non-disjunction with increasing LET.

Aspergillus nidulans↗
PubMed1985

Passive avoidance after ibotenic acid and radio frequency lesions in the rat amygdala.

Ibotenic acid (IBO) is assumed to lesion neurons and to spare fibers of passage. The effects of such lesions in the amygdaloid complex of rats were compared to those of radio frequency lesions (RF) on a passive avoidance task. Both lesions impaired the acquisition of the passive avoidance response. Plasma corticosterone levels were measured after a retention test in which no electrical shocks were applied. None of the lesion groups showed reduced corticosterone levels, the IBO lesioned rats actually showed significantly higher corticosterone levels than both RF lesioned and control animals. The corticosterone results are not consistent with a general reduction in fear. The slower avoidance learning may be a conditioning deficit due to impaired sensory information processing in the amygdaloid complex.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1986

Radio-iodine in thyroid glands of swans, farm animals and humans, also in algae and river water from the Thames Valley, England.

A highly sensitive counting system has been used to measure radio-iodine in environmental samples from the Thames Valley. Iodine-125 and occasionally iodine-131 have been found in the thyroid glands of most of the swans that have died on the River Thames, the River Wey and the Grand Union Canal, and in algae and water samples from the Thames and many of its tributaries. The presence of this activity is ascribed to the waste discarded into the drainage system by hospitals and research laboratories, reaching the rivers via the effluent from sewage treatment works. The Thames is used as a source of drinking water, particularly in London and its western approaches. Weed and water samples collected from river water abstraction points, reservoirs, tap water supplies, and animal water troughs fed from this supply all contained low levels of iodine-125. The drinking water route can account for the iodine-125 found in the thyroids of farm animals from west Surrey and in a few people living in London. The amounts found constitute a trivial radiation dose to man and animals as they are far below the acceptable limit of exposure for man.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Motor and psychological functions of school children living in the area of the Skrunda Radio Location Station in Latvia.

This paper presents the results of experiments on school children living in the area of the Skrunda Radio Location Station (RLS) in Latvia. Motor function, memory and attention significantly differed between the exposed and control groups. Children living in front of the RLS had less developed memory and attention, their reaction time was slower and their neuromuscular apparatus endurance was decreased.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Percutaneous radio-frequency thermocoagulation with low temperature in the treatment of essential glossopharyngeal neuralgia.

Two cases of essential glossopharyngeal neuralgia treated successfully with percutaneous radio-frequency thermocoagulation are reported. In order to avoid cardiovascular complications due to interference with the vagus nerve, a modification of the technique previously used is proposed. The modification used in the cases presented here consists in the use of lower temperature during a shorter time with four progressive steps controlled with electrical stimulation. A small-surface active electrode, exact location in the petrous ganglion, permanent stimulation control, and a smaller thermal lesion are the cardinal features of the technique used in the cases reported.

Dermatologic Surgical Procedures↗