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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Physical fitness and the metabolic syndrome in adults from the Quebec Family Study.

Physically fit individuals have a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. However, it is unknown whether the associations between physical fitness and the metabolic syndrome are independent of total and abdominal adiposity. Physical fitness was defined as the physical work capacity on a cycle ergometer at heart rate of 150 bpm (PWC 150) in a sample of 158 men and 198 women 20-60 years of age. PWC 150 was adjusted for fat-free mass prior to the analyses. Percent body fat was estimated by hydrostatic weighing. Visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat were measured by computed tomography. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was based on two definitions. The metabolic syndrome decreased with increasing fitness in men (approx. 6 times higher in less fit vs. most fit tertile, p < 0.05) and in women (approx. 4 times higher in less fit vs. most fit tertile, p < 0.05). Fitness was negatively associated with most individual components of the metabolic syndrome, except HDL-cholesterol for which the correlation was positive. However, in men and in women, the effects of physical fitness on the individual components of the metabolic syndrome were attenuated after considering total and abdominal adiposity.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1994

Effects of environmental factors present in the St. Lawrence Estuary (Quebec, Canada) on experimental survival of Salmonella salamae as determined by flow cytometry.

Survival of Salmonella salamae in the St. Lawrence Estuary was studied experimentally during an oceanographic cruise using in situ exposure diffusion chambers. The abundance distribution (colony-forming units) of culturable S. salamae on media was compared with the distribution of cells enumerated by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry was also used to characterize the size distribution and DNA content of cells exposed to various environmental factors. Solar radiation, starvation, and a gradual increase in salinity led to an abrupt loss of the ability of S. salamae cells to form cultures and to a gradual reduction in the cell size and DNA content. Conversely, starvation combined with a gradual increase in salinity in the absence of sunlight led to a gradual loss of the cells' ability to form cultures and an abrupt reduction in cell size and DNA content (i.e., a rapid increase in cell damage). Mortality (i.e., a decrease in total cell count) of S. salamae placed in darkness began at a lower salinity (11.4/1000) than did the mortality of cells exposed to sunlight (23.1/1000). Therefore, the S. salamae cells exposed to sunlight seemed to be more resistant to gradual salinity stress than the cells that were not subjected to sunlight.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed1990

Prevalence of dental caries and dental fluorosis in students, 11-17 years of age, in fluoridated and non-fluoridated cities in Quebec.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference in dental caries and fluorosis prevalence in 936 randomly selected life-long residents selected from public and private schools in Trois-Rivières (1.0 ppm F in 1987) and Sherbrooke (less than 0.1 ppm F), Que., Canada. Students, 11-17 years of age, were examined for dental caries using the National Institute for Dental Research criteria and for dental fluorosis using the Tooth Surface Index of Fluorosis. Because of an inconsistent fluoridation history in Trois-Rivières, comparisons were carried out between two age strata: students 11-14 years of age who consumed for a longer duration suboptimally fluoridated water than those in the second stratum: students 15-17 years of age. Only public school students, 15-17 years of age, from Trois-Rivières had significantly lower mean filled surface and decayed, missing, and filled tooth surface (DMFS) scores (28 and 24%, respectively) than similar students in Sherbrooke. Among private school students, differences were not found, except in the youngest age group in Sherbrooke who had significantly lower mean DMFS than similar students from Trois-Rivières. The prevalence of fluorosis was 45.6% and 58.0% in Trois-Rivières public and private schools, respectively, and 31.1% and 30.1% in Sherbrooke public and private schools, respectively. The use of fluoride tablets was significantly associated with fluorosis. This study showed that water fluoridation benefitted students from public schools and that the risk factors for dental fluorosis were the use of fluoridated water and fluoride tablets.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Effects of air pollution on emergency room visits for respiratory illnesses in Montreal, Quebec.

As an approach to evaluating the public health burden from current air pollution levels, we examined the relationship of daily emergency room (ER) visits for respiratory illnesses (25 hospitals, average 98 visits/d) to air pollution in Montreal, Canada, from June through September, 1992 and 1993. Air pollutants measured included ozone (O3), particulate matter diameter < 10 microm (PM10) and < 2.5 microm (PM2.5), the sulfate fraction of PM2.5 (SO4), and aerosol strong acidity (H+). Temporal trends, autocorrelation, and weather were controlled for in time-series regressions. For 1992, no significant associations with ER visits were found. However, 33% of the particulate data were missing. For 1993, 1-h maximum O3, PM10, PM2.5, and SO4 were all positively associated with respiratory visits for patients over 64 yr of age (p < 0.02). An increase to the mean level of 1-h maximum O3 (36 ppb) was associated with a 21% increase over the mean number of daily ER visits (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8 to 34%). Effects of particulates were smaller, with mean increases of 16% (4 to 28%), 12% (2 to 21%) and 6% (1 to 12%) for PM10, PM2.5, and SO4, respectively. Relative mass effects were PM2.5 > PM10 >> SO4. Ozone and PM10 levels never exceeded 67 ppb and 51 microg/m3, respectively (well below the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards of 120 ppb and 150 microg/m3, respectively). The present findings have public health implications with regard to the adverse health effects of urban photochemical air pollution on older individuals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Reliability of best-estimate diagnosis in genetic linkage studies of major psychoses: results from the Quebec pedigree studies.

OBJECTIVE: Diagnostic classification and reliability are critical in genetic linkage studies of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. To establish an optimal diagnostic procedure, the authors drew 13 methodological elements from 38 major linkage studies and workshop reports. They determined reliability for a consensus best-estimate diagnostic method based on these 13 features. METHOD: Each of 59 subjects from several large multiplex pedigrees, densely affected by either schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, received a best-estimate diagnosis from unblind diagnosticians in the field and also from a panel of four research psychiatrists who were blind to the proband's and relatives' clinical status. The best estimate was based on personal diagnostic interviews, all available medical records, and family history data. RESULTS: The diagnostic concordance between the field team and the blind psychiatric board yielded 78% to 90% agreement for the whole sample (kappa = 0.83-0.88) and 71% to 87% agreement for the subjects given field diagnoses (kappa = 0.76-0.83). The diagnoses made by the unblind field diagnosticians were biased toward a greater severity (or certainty) level in the diagnostic hierarchy (schizophrenic or bipolar) and more consistency with the most prevalent diagnosis affecting the pedigree. CONCLUSION: Since several previous linkage studies used diagnoses made by diagnosticians who were not blind to the status of the probands and the relatives or did not use a consensus best-estimate diagnosis, further reliability studies of different aspects of the best-estimate method and of its effect on linkage studies are needed. Such research is imperative given the serious impact of diagnostic misclassifications on genetic linkage results.

Adolescent↗