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PubMed2002

Degradation of natural phosphorylated compounds and added polyphosphates in milk by Pseudomonas fluorescens CECT378, Lactococcus lactis CECT539, and Kluyveromyces marxianus CECT10584.

The degradation of natural phosphorylated compounds (galactose-1-phosphate, N-acetyl-glucosamine-1-phosphate, glycerophosphoethanolamine, and glycerophosphocholine) and added phosphorylated compounds (diphosphate) in milk was investigated by phosphorus 31 nuclear magnetic resonance on the incubation of a sterile milk with Pseudomonas fluorescens CECT381, Lactococcus lactis CECT539, and Kluyveromyces marxianus CECT10584. This preliminary study showed that the degradation of these compounds was dependent on the compound, microorganism, and temperature of incubation. K. marxianus CECT10584 did not show any capability to degrade these compounds, and L. lactis CECT539 was only able to degrade diphosphate at its optimum growth temperature. P. fluorescens CECT381 was the most active strain and possessed more hydrolytic capabilities at 10 degrees C than at its optimum growth temperature. It is suggested that cold-induced enzymes are involved in the ability of P. fluorescens CECT381 to hydrolyze the natural phosphorylated compounds in milk. Consequent potential alterations of dairy products are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[ATP and polyphosphate-dependent bacterial NAD+-kinases].

Measurable levels of activity of NAD+ kinases of actinomycetes Micrococcus luteus and Corynebacterium ammoniagenes were observed after substituting inorganic tripolyphosphate for ATP, whereas the enzyme from the eubacterium Escherichia coli was not active with this substrate. Gradient PAGE found two molecular isoforms of NAD+ kinase in C. ammoniagenes and E. coli; four forms were found in M. luteus. All isoforms of this enzyme found in C. ammoniagenes and M. luteus displayed a NADP-synthesizing activity in the presence of either ATP or tripolyphosphate. Because of its capability of utilizing inorganic tripolyphosphate, M. luteus is the most promising NADP producer organism.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed2003

Anticalculus efficacy of a chewing gum with polyphosphates in a twelve-week single-blind trial.

OBJECTIVE: A twelve-week clinical study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a chewing gum containing pyrophosphate (1%) and tripolyphosphate (1%) on controlling supragingival calculus deposits. METHODOLOGY: One-hundred and seventeen subjects enrolled in the study were randomly assigned to either a test gum or no gum group. Each participant received a full oral prophylaxis. Those chewing the test gum agreed to chew four times a day for five minutes each time over twelve weeks. Those assigned to the no gum group agreed not to chew any gum. After twelve weeks, participants were scored for calculus deposits using the modified Volpe-Manhold Calculus Index (VMI), received a second oral prophylaxis and entered the alternate group in this cross-over format. At the end of the twenty-fourth week, all subjects were again scored for calculus deposits and the study was completed. All participants received a supply of a sodium fluoride (0.32%) dentifrice for the study period. Calculus levels were scored by the same examiner for all measurements and recorded on computer. He was blinded to all treatment assignments. RESULTS: One-hundred and eleven participants completed the study. Six participants left the study but none reported problems linked to the pyrophosphates in the chewing gum. The VMI mean score for the test gum group was 2.55 (+/- 2.50) and the mean score for the no gum group was 4.09 (+/- 3.18). The difference between the mean scores was highly significant with paired sample t-test (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The results indicated that a chewing gum containing tripolyphosphate and pyrophosphate reduced calculus formation by 37.6% compared to a no gum treatment.

Adult↗