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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Specific vector control methods for prevention and eradication of malaria in Israel.

Wide-scale antimalaria activities have been continuously carried out in Israel since 1918. Regular checking and tracing of Anopheles provided important information on the seasonal appearance, life habits, flight range and population density of the malaria vectors. This method enabled us at any time to assess the degree of malaria risk and the effectiveness of the control measures taken. Specific methods of vector control were applied in accordance with the bionomy of the various Anophelines transmitting malaria. No resistance of local malaria vectors to DDT was found in 1961, probably due to the general use of larvicides not containing residual insecticides (including DDT) and the mode of indoor DDT application; spraying in selected localities and special timing in accordance with the bionomy of the local vectors. The relation between the changed status of the various Anopheles vectors and changes in the epidemiology of primary malaria cases in the course of time is also described. Malaria eradication in Israel was practically achieved in 1962.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the larvicidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis serotype H14 on mosquitoes in natural breeding places].

The experiments conducted with Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, serotype H14, in nature, show that this Bacillus has a specific and extremely high larvicidal power against the larval population of Culicidae. It operates very quickly but its action seems relatively short-time lasting. Considering the increasing resistance of larvae to organophosphorus compounds, this new serotype presents a particular interest for the control of mosquitoes.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Recent developments of insecticide resistance in some Turkish anophelines.

Susceptibility tests carried out since 1974 in both the field and the laboratory with Anopheles sacharovi, A. hyrcanus and A. maculipennis from Turkey have revealed resistance to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in all three species, in the first two in the southern Chukurova plain and in the third in the northern area around Osmanjik. Resistance was indicated by significant survivals when exposed to dosages killing presumed susceptible strains of these and other anopheline species. The temperature at which the susceptibility tests were carried out had a marked influence on mortalities. Broad spectra of resistance were shown by all three species, though with interspecific differences, and are attributed to the extensive and intensive use of a wide range of chemicals for agricultural pest control. Of the insecticides readily available for house-spraying for malaria control, malathion would appear to be the one with the greatest potential usefulness.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Retrovirus activating potential of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses in mammalian cell cultures].

Activation of endogenous C-type retroviruses by nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPV) was investigated in "in vitro" cell culture systems of four mammalian species: mouse, rat, monkey and man. Cells were treated with NPV, (isolated from larvae and insect cell cultures), NPV-DNA, C-type virus-activating chemicals (halogenated pyrimidine analogue) and chemical insecticides alone and in combination. C-type retroviruses were activated only in mouse cells and transformed rat cells by the halogenated pyrimidine analogue. In NPV-treated cell cultures no C-type retrovirus activation was detectable. In simultaneous treatments of the cells with nuclear polyhedrosis viruses and chemicals no potentiating effects by the NPV could be detected. Virions of NPV in cell cultures showed unaltered morphology and upon reisolation were infectious in homologous insect cell cultures for a long time. No influence upon growth or morphology of the treated mammalian cells could be observed. From our experiments we conclude that the application of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses for pest control is uncritical with respect to their retrovirus activating potential in mammalian cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Lung cancer and other causes of death among licensed pesticide applicators.

The mortality experience of a cohort of 3,827 white men licensed to apply pesticides in Florida was evaluated to investigate health effects associated with chronic exposure to pesticides. Although the overall standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for these structural pest control workers was not significantly elevated (SMR = 103), excess deaths were observed for leukemia, particularly acute myeloid leukemia (3 observed vs. 0.9 expected), and cancers of the brain (SMR = 200) and lung (SMR = 135). The risk of lung cancer rose with the number of years licensed with SMR of 101, 155, and 289 among those licensed for less than 10 years, for 10-19 years, and for 20 years or more, respectively. Ratios of directly adjusted rates showed similar patterns with observed-to-expected ratios of 100, 175, and 186 for the length of licensure categories. Mortality from lung cancer was greater among persons first licensed before age 40 (SMR = 234) than among those first licensed after age 40 (SMR = 115). Although information on tobacco use was not available, the increasing risk of lung cancer with number of years licensed and the capacity of certain pesticides to produce neoplasms in laboratory animals suggested that some pesticides may be carcinogenic in humans.

Adult↗