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PubMed1991

[Counseling in artificial fertilization].

Since 1 October 1990, German legislation requires compulsory counselling of an infertile couple before artificial insemination on the medical and psychosocial aspects, by a doctor not performing the treatment. A prerequisite of successful counselling, which enables the couple to take a decision and helps coping with the psychosocial stress of sterility and its consequences, is, in addition to the intrinsic motivation of the couple, also the empathy and the discussion with the doctor. Subject for counselling should be the burdens of therapy, effects of the sterility upon sexuality, partnership, and communication, motivations for wanting a child and the functions of the child for both partners individually and as a partnership. As a prophylactic measure against the development of a neurotic desire for a child and a fixation upon sterility therapy, alternative resolving strategies for therapy failure should be discussed and developed.

Female↗
PubMed2005

Psychological, behavioral, and interpersonal impact of human papillomavirus and Pap test results.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to explore the short-term psychological, behavioral, and interpersonal impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Pap results in adolescent and young adult women. METHODS: Sexually active young women 14-21 years of age were recruited using a purposeful sampling strategy from a hospital-based teen health center. Participants underwent HPV DNA and Pap testing at baseline. At a follow-up visit 2 weeks later, they received test results and participated in individual interviews designed to examine the impact of test results. Interview data were analyzed using framework analysis, a qualitative analytical method. RESULTS: The mean age of the 100 participants was 17.2 years, and 82% were black. Fifty-one percent were HPV positive, and 23% had abnormal Pap tests. Psychological responses consisted of affective reactions to abnormal results, empowerment through knowledge of results, and self-confidence to prevent future disease. Personal behavioral intentions encompassed safe sexual behaviors, partner monitoring, and return for screening. Anticipated interpersonal consequences focused on the impact of communication about test results on relationships. Psychosocial and behavioral responses were influenced by the personal meaning participants derived from HPV and Pap results (e.g., perceptions of personal risk and anticipated stigma), cognitive understanding of test results, and such factors as coping mechanisms, locus of control, and relationship quality. CONCLUSIONS: An understanding of young women's responses to HPV and Pap test results may help guide clinical interventions designed to prevent possibly harmful psychosocial and interpersonal responses to HPV and Pap testing but promote healthy sexual behaviors and regular screening.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Signal transduction-related bioinformatics services.

Signal transduction pathways are crucial for the regulation of a very wide variety of cellular functions ranging, for example, from translation to intercellular communication, and from metabolism to apoptosis. Protein kinases and phosphatases, together with their binding partners, are key players in these cascades. They also form a substantial part of the genes in genomes and proteins in proteomes in all animals. Signalling can be studied in many different levels and ways. This has resulted in large body of publications and Internet services. This paper describes open-access databases and software aiming at presenting the kind of data available and how to perform bioinformatics analyses.

Computational Biology↗
PubMed2005

The autonomy of professionals and the involvement of patients and families.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The involvement of patients/service users and their families/caregivers in the field of mental health has been of interest for several years. It is timely to review what has been learned about involvement; to understand where and how involvement has been implemented; and to explore factors which influence the effectiveness of implementation. Recent literature on user involvement and its implications for professional practice forms the focus of this review. Material is drawn largely from Europe, North America and Australasia, since this reflects where there is most interest in this topic. Papers outside of mental health are included where they further illuminate issues under discussion. RECENT FINDINGS: The involvement of users/patients and their caregivers is an important aspect of the care and treatment of mental illness extending across health and social care. Involvement has implications for professional practice including the negotiation of treatment, the coordination of care and communication strategies. Tensions may emerge during the process of effectively implementing patient/family involvement, but the autonomy of professionals is not usually a factor. SUMMARY: There is no singular definition of involvement. There has been growth in the levels of user/caregiver involvement, particularly in community-based provision and within transition processes from hospital to community-based treatment. There is no suggestion that involvement is widespread. Implementation of involvement should be underpinned by effective communication on the part of professionals and recognition of service users and caregivers as partners in processes of treatment and recovery. Implementation is most effective when supported by appropriate organizational policies and integrated into the education of health professionals.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

MondoA-Mlx heterodimers are candidate sensors of cellular energy status: mitochondrial localization and direct regulation of glycolysis.

Transcription factors can be sequestered at specific organelles and translocate to the nucleus in response to changes in organellar homeostasis. MondoA is a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcriptional activator similar to Myc in function. However, unlike Myc, MondoA and its binding partner Mlx localize to the cytoplasm, suggesting tight regulation of their nuclear function. We show here that endogenous MondoA and Mlx associate with mitochondria in primary skeletal muscle cells and erythroblast K562 cells. Interaction between MondoA and the mitochondria is salt and protease sensitive, demonstrating that it associates with the outer mitochondrial membrane by binding a protein partner. Further, endogenous MondoA shuttles between the mitochondria and the nucleus, suggesting that it communicates between these two organelles. When nuclear, MondoA activates transcription of a broad spectrum of metabolic genes, including those for the glycolytic enzymes lactate dehydrogenase A, hexokinase II, and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3. Regulation of these three targets is mediated by direct interaction with CACGTG sites in their promoters. Consistent with its regulation of glycolytic targets, MondoA is both necessary and sufficient for glycolysis. We propose that MondoA communicates information about the intracellular energy state between the mitochondria and the nucleus, resulting in transcriptional activation of glycolytic target genes.

Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcriptio↗
PubMed2005

Maintaining high vitamin A supplementation coverage in children: lessons from Niger.

In 1997, the reduction of child mortality became a policy priority for the Government of Niger because Niger's child mortality rate was the highest in the world. The Ministry of Public Health, Helen Keller International (HKI), and UNICEF spearheaded a coalition-building process linking vitamin A deficiency (VAD) control to national child survival goals. An evidence-based advocacy strategy was developed around the child survival benefits of adequate and sustained VAD control with one unambiguous message: "VAD control can avert over 25,000 child deaths per year." As a result, in 1997 Niger became one of the first countries in Africa to effectively integrate vitamin A supplementation into National Immunization Days (NIDs) for polio eradication. The challenge was then to provide children with a second annual dose of vitamin A. This led in 1999 to the first ever National Micronutrient Days (NMDs) in Africa. NMDs are mobilization campaigns in which caregivers are actively encouraged to take their children for the delivery of vitamin A supplements. Since 1999, the combination of NIDs and NMDs has ensured that over 80% of children 6 to 59 months of age receive two vitamin A doses annually. The success of NIDs/NMDs has relied on five pillars: leadership and ownership by the Ministry of Public Health; district-level planning and implementation; effective training and flexible delivery mechanisms; effective social information, communication, and mobilization; and responsiveness and flexibility of Ministry of Public Health and development partners. This successful approach has been widely disseminated, notably through the West African Nutrition Focal Points Network.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2006

Hystersisters online: social support and social comparison among hysterectomy patients on the internet.

BACKGROUND: The Internet has become a popular source of health information for patients with a variety of medical concerns; however, research examining patient interactions on the Internet has been limited. PURPOSE: Four questions were examined in a survey study of hysterectomy patients who visited http://www.hystersisters.com: (a) Do hysterectomy patients use the support Web site because they perceive their proximal sources of social support to be inadequate? (b) What kinds of support do patients receive from the Web site? (c) What attributes characterize the "Hystersisters" that are perceived to be most helpful? (d) How do informational sources vary depending on the nature of the patient concern? METHODS: Women (N = 137) responded to questions about social support, Web site use, and perceptions of other Web site users. RESULTS: Participants reported high levels of perceived support and tangible assistance from their proximal social environment during recovery from surgery (93%-100%). Hystersisters who were perceived as helpful tended to share similar attributes, such as religion and children. On the Web site, information and advice (61%) was sought significantly more than emotional or esteem support (p < .01). For issues involving spiritual or partner matters versus factual issues connected to the hysterectomy, patients expressed greater interest in communicating with a patient who shared their values even if they were not more knowledgeable. CONCLUSIONS: This research contributes to our understanding of how patients utilize the Internet for health information. Longitudinal research is needed to evaluate causal relationships between Internet use and health outcomes.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A computer network for the surveillance of communicable diseases: the French experiment.

The description and first results of the French Communicable diseases Network are reported. The network, initiated in November 1984, currently includes the National Department of Health, the local health offices and various clinical, biological, and epidemiological partners. Surveillance of influenza, viral hepatitis, acute urethritis, measles, and mumps is based upon reports from sentinel general practitioners throughout France who are equipped with terminals and can communicate their data on a 24-hour basis. The network distributes electronic bulletins summarizing the surveillance data, the regional statistics concerning other diseases, and epidemiological and administrative news. Electronic mail is used for data validation and enhances communication between the parties of the network.

Communicable Diseases↗
PubMed1988

Dissatisfaction in general practice: what do patients really want?

In 31 general practices in Adelaide, approximately 100 consecutive adult patients aged 15-64 years completed a 21-item questionnaire that related to their dissatisfaction with aspects of the care that was provided in the practice. Fourteen of the practices were "solo" practices, five practices were two-person partnerships and 12 practices involved three or more partners. The 21 items divided naturally into five groups: "architecture", "receptionists", "accessibility", "quality" and "communication". Factor analysis of the responses provided support for the idea that "receptionists", "accessibility" and "communication" were independent issues for the respondents and that "quality" was less discrete and was embedded in a factor which we have labelled "mechanics". For nearly all items, the mean dissatisfaction values for the practices were greatest in the larger practices and least in the two-person practices, with solo practices occupying an intermediate position. The main dissatisfaction related to accessibility and communication. These issues are explored in the light of current trends in the organization of primary medical care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The next strategic weapon: continuous replenishment planning.

In this age of rapid technology change, we are searching for that strategic weapon to have in our arsenal that will help us maintain our competitiveness. This article will show how continuous replenishment planning, with the recent developments in communication technology, has enabled two companies to concentrate on the strategic issues of business partnering.

Commerce↗
PubMed1992

Aspects of standardization in telepathology.

Effective telepathology is only possible, if the partners are supplied by a broad variety of equipment connected by far-spread communication lines. These prerequisites can only be fulfilled if technical and medical standards are available obligate for all participants. The technical and medical aspects of those standards are described in general and include procedures and notations in pathology, standards of the image source, image sampling, clinical information, classification of diagnosis, communication channels, hard- and software equipment. New standards should only be developed for those not existing, or if the already existing ones are not appropriate. The standardization classes should allow flexible formats and be developed as "open modules" allowing "individual" peripheral work stations and progressive development in the future.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Churches, academic institutions, and public health: partnerships to eliminate health disparities.

The four principles represent a framework for improving the process of establishing sustainable partnerships between research, public health, and faith-based institutions that seek to eliminate health disparities. To improve the efficacy of partnerships with churches identification of potential partner churches must be deliberate, trusting relationships must be built, divergent perspectives must be communicated and reconciled, and some tangible power should be transferred to church and community leaders where feasible. We applaud the National Institutes of Health, through the National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities', efforts to "promote coordination and collaboration among the agencies conducting or supporting minority health or other health disparities research." We recommend that the North Carolina Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities be charged with and provided adequate resources to facilitate this type of coordination and collaboration among North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services agencies that are disparities conducting or supporting minority health and health research. A special emphasis should be placed on partnerships that seek to engage communities of faith.

Community Participation↗
PubMed1989

[Control of verbal exchange in physician-patient consultation. A single case study].

Following theoretical considerations by Sacks et al. (1974) and Duncan & Fiske (1977) a method for the analysis of turn-taking in dialogues is proposed. This method is used in a pilot case study of a dialogue between a doctor and his patient. The conservation is segmented into single utterances (units of analysis) within which so called speaker-relevant control signs (tags, questions, speech pauses) as well as listener-relevant control signs (hearer signals) are defined and localized. Based on this analysis the transcript of the dialogue is entered into a data base. The distribution of speaker- and listener-relevant control signs and their relation to turn-taking lead to the conclusion that the two partners of dialogue "bargain" for the takeover of the floor within a process of communication.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

AIDS education and risk reduction for homeless women and children: implications for health education.

The most preferable approach to implementing an AIDS education program among homeless women would be to establish a systematic comprehensive procedure addressing political, social, economic, and health concerns facing the ethnic minority community. A pragmatic approach would be to implement health education programs within the closed environment of homeless shelters. Such programs should incorporate distribution of materials which include specific information about how AIDS can be transmitted and prevented using simple and culturally relevant language. Health education interventions should use former homeless women in addition to health educators in development of exercises to improve self-esteem, communication, and decision making skills as related to negotiation of safe sex with their partners. Implementation of this process may help health educators make a meaningful contribution to the promotion of AIDS education and risk reduction for HIV infection within the growing population of homeless women and children in the United States.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The AIDS prevention magic show: avoiding the tragic with magic.

Teenagers are a crucial target group for interventions concerning acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Experimenting with their burgeoning sexuality and increased ability to obtain drugs, they are prime candidates for AIDS prevention and education strategies. The intervention described in this paper is a 30-minute magic show, presented by Cyrus (or Iris) the Virus, a sinister but entertaining character portrayed by any health educator willing to spend a few hours learning the magic tricks. The tricks explain why sharing needles and choosing sexual partners based on appearance alone can result in AIDS. Cyrus also uses magic to communicate the ways that AIDS is not transmitted, how to refuse sex, and how to use condoms correctly. The show, as well as increasing the audience's knowledge about HIV, attempts to induce behavioral change by increasing participants' perceived self-efficacy--a predictor of healthful behavior. Still in its pilot phase, the show has been seen by 281 students ages 10-15 years. Viewers rate the show highly, and preliminary analysis suggests that perceived self-efficacy has been significantly improved.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Preparing for communication interactions: the value of anticipatory strategies for adults with hearing impairment.

Some people with hearing impairment may use anticipatory strategies to prepare for an upcoming communication interaction, such as a doctor's appointment. They may consider vocabulary and statements that might occur, and they may practice speechreading a partner saying the items. Experiment 1 evaluated the effectiveness of two types of anticipatory strategies: workbook activities and situation-specific lipreading practice. Two groups of normal-hearing subjects were asked to prepare for a communication interaction in a bank setting where they would be required to recognize speech using only the visual signal. Each group was assigned to one type of anticipatory strategy. A third group served as a control group. Experiment 2 evaluated whether multifaceted anticipatory practice improved cochlear implant users' ability to recognize statements and words audiovisually that might occur in a doctor's office, bank, movie theater, and gas station. One group of implanted subjects received 4 days of training, 1 day for each setting, and a second group served as a control group. In both experiments, subjects who used anticipatory strategies did not improve their performance on situation-specific sentence tests more than the control subjects.

Cochlear Implants↗