Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Paralysis”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Swallowing disorders in unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis].

Swallowing difficulties in isolated recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis are rarely reported in the literature, although it is frequently mentioned in lesions of both recurrent laryngeal and superior laryngeal nerves. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the incidence of aspiration in patients with unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis after head and neck or thoracic surgery. Eighteen patients were included and evaluated within the first week and eleven two months postoperatively. Position, tone and tension of the vocal fold as well as assessment of the glottic axis, arytenoid position and mobility, laryngeal sensibility, status of the pyriform sinus and salivary stasis were studied. Swallowing evaluation was performed using flexible fiberoptic videolaryngoscopy during dry swallowing, thick cream and methylene blue liquid swallowing. Five patients had symptomatic aspiration, one silent aspiration and twelve patients had no aspiration. The type of regimen feeding used was classified as a normal, mixed, or blended diet. Added specific treatment performed was also described. We conclude that aspiration may occur in unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis and have to be systematically evaluated after pneumomectomy, because adequate treatment can be proposed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Tick paralysis syndrome in a 5-year-old girl.

Tick paralysis syndrome (TPS) is an uncommon cause of ascending paralysis in children. Familiarity with its clinical features is important, since prompt diagnosis and removal of the tick is curative. We report the case of a 5-year-old girl with TPS manifested as lower extremity ataxia and paralysis and briefly discuss the salient features of TPS.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2000

[Compared characteristics of peripheral facial paralysis according to HIV status in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)].

Facial paralysis is a well-described manifestation of HIV infection. We report 27 cases of peripheral facial paralysis observed at Bobo-Dioulasso Hospital in a prospective study over a period of 9 months: 55 of the cases were HIV positive and 12/15 (80%) were in the 20-39 age group. Nine out of 11 females and 6 out of 16 males were seropositive. 13 of the cases were at stage B of CDC classification and 2 at stage C. ESR was elevated in all the HIV patients. CSF examination revealed lymphocytic pleiocytosis, elevated proteins and a positive HIV serology. CD4 counts were obtained in 8 cases and were under 400/mm3 in 4 cases. The clinical presentation was more severe in HIV seropositives with a longer duration of symptoms. Isolated peripheral facial paralysis associated with an elevated ESR in young adults suggest HIV infection and should lead to HIV counselling and testing.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2000

Acetazolamide opens the muscular KCa2+ channel: a novel mechanism of action that may explain the therapeutic effect of the drug in hypokalemic periodic paralysis.

Acetazolamide is a thiazide derivative clinically used in skeletal muscle disorders related to altered K+ homeostasis such as the periodic paralyses. The mechanism of action responsible for the therapeutic effects of the drug is still unknown, however. In the present work, we investigated the mechanism of action of acetazolamide in the K-deficient diet rat, an animal model of human hypokalemic periodic paralysis (hypoPP). The in vivo administration of 2.8- and 5.6-mg/kg(-1)/day(-1) concentrations of acetazolamide to K-deficient diet rats prevented paralysis and depolarization of the fibers induced by insulin. In the acetazolamide-treated animals, intense sarcolemma Ca2+-activated K+ channel (KCa2+) activity was recorded. Acetazolamide also restored the serum K+ levels to control values. The concentrations of acetazolamide needed to enhance the KCa2+ current by 50% in vitro were 6.17 and 4.01x10(-6) M at -60 and +30 mV of membrane potentials, respectively. In normokalemic animals, the thiazide derivative enhanced the KCa2+ current with similar efficacy. Our data demonstrate that the therapeutic effects of acetazolamide in the K-deficient diet rats and possibly in human hypokalemic periodic paralysis patients can be mediated by activation of the KCa2+ channel.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed2000

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis.

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is a thyroid-related disorder that is manifested as recurrent episodes of hypokalemia and muscle weakness lasting from hours to days. The periodic paralysis has been associated with thyrotoxicosis from various etiologies. Although the incidence of the disorder is relatively higher among Asians, it has been reported in many other ethnic groups. We review the literature and report the ninth and tenth cases of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis in black patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Autosomal dominant adult-onset spinal muscular atrophy with vocal cord paralysis: a case report].

This report concerns a 41-year-old female case of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) associated with vocal cord paralysis. Her parents were not consanguineous. Her maternal grandmother and younger brother were suspected of having SMA. At age 37, she first experienced gait disturbance and began to have slowly progressive dysarthria and weakness of the extremities. Neurological examination revealed that she had inspiratory stridor, dysarthria and proximal muscular weakness of the extremities. Achilles tendon reflexes were absent, while there were no pathological reflexes or sensory disturbances. She showed a waddling gait and Gowers' sign. The laboratory data indicated mild elevation of serum CK. The nerve conduction study was normal, while the electromyographic study and muscle biopsy revealed neurogenic changes. We diagnosed the case as adult onset SMA of the autosomal dominant type. Laryngoscopy revealed that the patient had vocal cord paralysis, which was predominant in abductor muscles and of the posterior paralysis type according to the categories established by Isozaki. Genetic analysis showed no mutations in the genes of the neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein and of the survival motor neuron.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical and experimental study on facial paralysis in temporal bone fracture].

To study the main prognostic factors and significance of facial nerve decompression of facial paralysis in temporal bone fracture, the main relative prognostic factors of 64 patients with facial paralysis were analyzed. Experimental model of facial paralysis was made. Expansion rate of facial nerve in facial canal opening group and non-opening group was measured and observed under electron microscope. The main factors affecting the prognosis were facial nerve decompression and selection of surgery time. Expansion rate of facial nerve in opening group was significantly higher than that of non-opening group. Injury degree of nerve fiber of non-opening group was severe. It is suggested that early facial nerve decompression is of beneficial to restoration of facial nerve function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Hopkins syndrome: oral prednisolone was effective for the paralysis].

We describe here a 5-year-old girl who presented flaccid paralysis of the left upper limb after recovery from bronchial asthma. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical cord revealed a focal high intensity area in the left anterior horn at the C6-C7 level. She was treated with oral prednisolone, and paralysis resolved within two months. Thirty cases of Hopkins syndrome have been reported so far, but its cause remains unknown. Early administration of prednisolone might ameliorate paralysis in this syndrome.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed2001

Left vocal cord paralysis associated with long-standing patent ductus arteriosus.

SUMMARY: Left vocal cord paralysis in association with patent ductus arteriosus is unusual. We report a patient with long-standing patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in whom CT studies obtained before and after paralysis developed showed an interval increase in size of the pulmonary trunk. The pathogenesis of left vocal cord paralysis in association with long-standing PDA is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Association of peripheral facial paralysis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection].

INTRODUCTION: Neurological disorders are common in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The objective of this study is to show the possible association of peripheral facial paralysis (PFP) in persons who test positive for HIV, which because of the characteristics of outpatient management is important in basic medical attention. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The scope of our study included all patients observed in 1998 and the first six months of 1999 who had PFP, and in whom detailed clinical history, physical examination by a neurologist, laboratory tests and HIV serological tests were done. RESULTS: We found that 89.1% of the patients with PFP were seropositive. The facial paralysis showed similar characteristics to Bell s palsy, with complete recovery after four weeks in 66.6% of this group of patients. The seronegative patients also recovered completely but took longer to do so. In two cases the PFP was associated with obvious features of AIDS. CONCLUSIONS: In the literature reviewed we have not found such a large group of patients with PFP associated with HIV+. However, it is obvious that there is an increase in facial paralysis which is in proportion to the increase in HIV+ persons. The results of our study suggest to us that HIV should be tested for in patients with PFP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Successful reanimation of facial paralysis with an indirect anastomosis between hypoglossal nerve and facial nerve, without loss of function of the tongue].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the surgical procedure and the results of the indirect hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis using a free nerve graft in patients with facial nerve paralysis. This technique leaves the tongue function intact. DESIGN: Prospective study. METHODS: Tongue function was assessed in 39 consecutive patients who underwent this procedure and facial reanimation was assessed in 29 of these patients who had completed at least 24 months follow-up. Facial nerve function was judged using the House-Brackmann (HB) facial nerve grading system. RESULTS: Tongue movements were normal in all operated patients; one patient had mild homolateral atrophy. Initial facial movements occurred on average 7.5 months postoperatively (range 4 to 18 months) in all but one patient. The results were graded HB II in 6 patients (20.9%), HB III in 13 (44.6%), HB IV in 7 (24.1%), HB V in 2 (6.8%) and HB VI in 1 patient (3.4%). Hemifacial synkineses were noticeable but no mass movements or gross hypertonia were observed (as are often present in direct hypoglossal-facial anastomosis). The results of facial reanimation were significantly better in young patients and when a short time interval between paralysis and surgery existed. HB grade II was achieved only if the duration of paralysis was less than 12 months. CONCLUSION: Indirect hypoglossal-facial anastomosis with interposition of a nerve graft allows preservation of tongue function together with good overall facial reanimation, and is therefore to be preferred to the classical direct hypoglossal-facial anastomosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis after open heart surgery.

The purpose of the present case report is to present a case of bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis as a complication of open-heart surgery. A 47-year-old male was operated for aortic and mitral valve replacement. After discontinuation of sedation, bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis as well as motor and sensitive dysfunction in the four extremities was observed. The patient remained with mechanical ventilation support for twenty months. Two years after the operation a complete normalisation of the diaphragmatic motion was observed. Although uncommon, bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis after open-heart surgery could take place, being necessary long term mechanical ventilation support until recovery.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed2001

Cordotomy for bilateral cord abductal paralysis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effects of cordotomy on bilateral cord abductal paralysis. METHODS: With unilateral cordotomy, we treated 4 patients with bilateral cord paralysis whose glottis size was about 2.0 mm to 2.5 mm. They were followed up for over one year. RESULTS: One week after surgery, the tracheotomy tubes of all 4 patients were plugged and no dyspnea occurred during rest and mild action. Their voices were more hoarse than before surgery. After 3 months, the tracheotomy tubes were successfully decannulated, and in the following one year, their respiration was normal and then speech was clear, although their voices were still a little hoarse. CONCLUSION: We suggest that cordotomy be one option in the treatment of bilateral cord abductal paralysis.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Transposition of pedicled sternocleidomastoid muscle for repair of facial paralysis in late stage].

OBJECTIVE: To explore a new surgical approach to repair facial paralysis in late stage, using regional transposition of pedicled sternocleidomastoid muscle for the dynamic reanimation of the paralyzed face. METHODS: Seven cases with facial paralysis in late stage from December 1999 were treated and followed up for 10 months before clinical evaluation. In all of the cases, the sternal and clavicular branches of the sternocleidomastoid muscle were both elevated from their bony attachments, with the mastoid insertion left in situ as the pedicle for blood supply and accessory nerve maintained in it. The muscle strips were transposed and sutured to the orbicularis oris around the mouth corner on the paralyzed side. RESULTS: Static asymmetry of nose and oral commissure on the paralyzed side were corrected immediately after operation, and the movement of the oral commissure recovered one week after operation. Symmetric smiling was observed in one month and all of the oral movements recovered in 10 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: The new approach to repair facial paralysis in late stage by regional transposition of pedicled sternocleidomastoid muscle is effective in restoration of both static and dynamic symmetry of nose and mouth, and in recovery of the facial expression and the oral commissure.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Clinical and experimental study on facial paralysis in temporal bone fracture.

OBJECTIVE: To study the main prognostic factors and significance of facial nerve decompression for facial paralysis in temporal bone fracture. METHODS: The main relative prognostic factors of 64 patients with facial paralysis were analyzed. An experimental model of facial paralysis was made. The expansion rates of facial nerve in the facial canal opening group and the facial canal non-opening group were measured and observed under electron microscope. RESULTS: The main factors affecting the prognosis were facial nerve decompression and selection of surgery time. The expansion rate of facial nerve in the facial canal opening group was significantly higher than that of the facial canal non-opening group (t=7.53, P<0.01). The injury degree of the nerve fiber in the facial canal non-opening group was severe. CONCLUSIONS: Early facial nerve decompression is beneficial to restoration of the facial nerve function.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Peripheral facial paralysis as initial manifestation of hypertension in a child.

Hypertension is one of the rare causes of peripheral facial paralysis in children. The unawareness of this association at presentation may cause serious medical errors and result in delays in the diagnosis of hypertension, which may worsen with corticosteroid therapy given for Bell's palsy. We describe a severely hypertensive child who was first seen with peripheral facial paralysis and given corticosteroid therapy in another hospital. She presented to our clinic during the second facial paralysis attack with hypertensive pontine hemorrhage.

Cerebellopontine Angle↗
PubMed2001

Medialisation laryngoplasty: a new surgical frontier in the management of vocal cord paralysis.

Patients who are victims of vocal cord paralysis usually suffer from husky or hoarse voice which is very much jeopardising their future particularly in professional voice users like singers, priests, teachers, etc. Phonosurgical techniques like medialisation laryngoplasty has opened a new horizon in the management of dysphonia with unilateral vocal cord paralysis. Medialisation laryngoplasty is sometimes described under the heading of laryngoplastic phonosurgery or thyroplasty. A report of 10 cases of unilateral vocal cord paralysis with dysphonia subjected to medialisation laryngoplasty from March 1996 to March 1998 with 90% success is presented. Only one patient developed inspiratory stridor as a complication.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Outbreak of hind limb paralysis in young CFW Swiss Webster mice.

An outbreak of paralysis among 16- to 20-week-old CFW Swiss Webster sentinel mice developed in one of our barrier facilities. Two months after arrival and over a period of four weeks, six of 400 mice purchased from an approved vendor, developed progressive hind limb paralysis without other clinical signs of disease. On the basis of the histopathologic changes and negative serologic test results, lymphoblastic lymphoma causing compression of the spinal cord was diagnosed. There were two leading features to this outbreak: its unusual epidemiologic presentation, and the localization of the lesions principally in the lumbar muscles. A presumptive diagnosis of retroviral infection with Abelson's murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) was established on the basis of histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings. Little is known about retroviral status in many commercial colonies, and few users report presence of spontaneous lymphomas. This report points out complications derived from commercially available animals that carry endogenous retroviruses. It also emphasizes the need of diagnosing and reporting clusters of hind limb paralysis or lymphomas in mice to assess the prevalence and relevance of retroviral infections in commercial colonies.

Abelson murine leukemia virus↗