Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PROGESTATIONAL HORMONES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Pharmacodynamics of a contraceptive vaginal ring releasing 3-keto-desogestrel.

The pharmacodynamic effects of a new type of 3-keto-Desogestrel [3kDOG] releasing vaginal ring was studied in a group of 20 normally ovulating women during a period of 21 days continuous use. Peripheral blood samples were taken for the estimation of progesterone and oestradiol levels, ultrasound tracking for follicular growth and cervical mucus sampling for scoring [modified Insler] and sperm penetration testing during a control, treatment and recovery period. Additional blood samples were taken for the estimation of 3kDOG levels during the treatment period. After a control cycle, twenty normally ovulating women were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Group A were given a vaginal ring on day 5 of the menstrual cycle releasing 30 ug/24 hours of 3kDOG and group B a similar ring releasing 15 ug/24 hours of kDOG. Of the treatment cycles, none showed an ovulatory pattern in group A and there was only one in group B, the respective mean plasma levels of 3kDOG were 0.38 and 0.25 pmol/ml. The formation of "cysts" or persistent follicles was common to both groups, 6 out of 10 subjects in group A and 8 out of 10 subjects in group B had "cysts" greater than 25mm in diameter in the treatment cycle, this had become 5 out of 10 and 8 out of 10, respectively, in the recovery cycle. A comparison of the cervical mucus scores and sperm penetration of cervical mucus showed a significant reduction between the control and treatment groups but no significant difference between the two groups. The bleeding profiles showed an increase in percentage of bleeding days in both treatment groups to 25% in group A and 21.7% in group B [cf, 17.1%, 15.9%, respectively, in control month]; there being no statistical difference between groups. In conclusion, it is believed that given the efficacy demonstrated and the low level of menstrual disturbances found, this system warrants further investigation as a means of contraception as it appears to offer a better compromise than previous vaginal ring systems.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1991

Use of hCG stimulation test in women immunized with beta-hCG vaccine.

Eleven normally menstruating women, who had earlier been immunized with NII beta-hCG vaccine but had no detectable anti-hCG antibody titres, were selected as controls for the hCG challenge test using 1000/2000 I.U. The test was repeated in five of them after a booster immunization, which raised antibody titres to 18-450 ng/ml. Stimulation of serum progesterone secretion was used as an index of corpus luteum (CL) response to the I.V. hCG. In the control group, the progesterone (P) secretory response following hCG stimulus showed peak levels which were significantly higher than basal levels in all except 2 subjects. The non-responsiveness in 2 subjects cannot be easily explained but may be dose-related. No significant difference was noted between the two dose levels. Length of luteal phase was increased by 4-5 days in 6 out of 20 cycles studied. The results of this test in 5 women before and after the vaccine boosters were encouraging as peak P levels appeared higher than basal levels in controls, but not so in the immunized group. However, these results could not be confirmed statistically. Nonetheless, this study is suggestive that the antibodies generated by this vaccine were capable of intercepting the effect of exogenous hCG in the human female. Further studies with more subjects and higher dosage of hCG are called for.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1986

Pregnancy termination with a high and medium dosage regimen of RU 486.

Sixty healthy pregnant women who wished to terminate their pregnancy and who were no more than 49 days pregnant were treated with one of three different dose regimens of a synthetic progesterone receptor blocker, RU 486. Serum cortisol was measured to determine the antiglucocorticoid effects of this compound. The high dose but shorter treatment regimen (400 mg/day RU 486 X 4 days or 200 mg/day X 4 days) was associated with a high (greater than 80%) rate of side effects, especially nausea, vomiting, weakness and heavy bleeding and a low rate of success (10%). A group of 50 subjects received the medium dose but longer treatment regimen (100 mg/day X 7 days). This group had less side effects (40-60%) and a 72.3% success rate of complete abortion. The AM cortisol values were significantly elevated in all treatment groups but higher in those receiving the high dose. These values returned to normal one week following cessation of treatment. Medium dose but longer duration (100 mg/day X 7 days) of RU 486 treatment is associated with a higher success rate and less side effects than higher dose therapy administered over a shorter period. There were no predictive indices to determine which subjects would respond successfully. The reason for the failure of the drug in 30% of the subjects on the medium dose is not known at this time.

Abortifacient Agents↗
PubMed1992

[Hormonal contraception and substitution therapy: the importance of progestogen for cardiovascular diseases].

Epidemiological data have demonstrated, that the progestogen component of oral contraceptives is involved in the development of hypertension, ischaemic heart diseases and stroke. It had been suggested, that atherosclerotic lesions due to the unfavourable effect on lipid metabolism of progestogens with androgenic properties, play a causal role. It has, however, been shown, that there is no development of atherosclerosis despite reduced HDL and elevated LDL, presumably because of the induction of hepatic LDL- and remnant-receptors by the strong effect of ethinyl-oestradiol upon the liver. A series of experimental and clinical findings indicates that vasospasms caused by the vasoconstrictory effect of progestogens are involved in the development of arterial thromboses. In postmenopausal women, the additional administration of progestogens to the oestrogen treatment may trigger ischaemic diseases, particularly in the presence of vascular lesions. Oestrogens exercise a pronounced vasodilatory effect and stabilize the vascular tonus--through changes in the responsiveness of endothelium and smooth muscle cells to vasoactive compounds, through modulation of neurotransmitter release from nerve endings, and through direct blocking of calcium channels. The effects depend essentially on an intact endothelium. By a direct action on the vascular wall, progestogens increase the sensitivity of arteries to vasoconstrictory compounds and reduce blood flow. As aldosterone increases the number of beta-adrenergic receptors in the arterial smooth muscle cells and thus act vasodilatorily, it cannot be excluded, that progestogens with high affinity to the aldosterone receptor and antimineralocorticoid properties, may exert a strong vasoconstrictory effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1988

The return to ovulation following early abortion: a comparison between vacuum aspiration and prostaglandin.

The return to ovulation following early abortion (less than or equal to 56 days amenorrhea) has been assessed after both vacuum aspiration under general anesthesia (N = 14) and menstrual induction with 16,16 dimethyltrans-delta 2PGE1 methyl ester in pessary form (N = 18). The urinary excretion of hCG, total estrogen and pregnanediol was similar in each group. There was an initial rapid decline in hCG excretion (t1/2 48 h), reaching 10% of the pre-treatment value after 6 days. Twenty-nine (91%) women showed a luteal phase rise in pregnanediol excretion, with ovulation occurring on day 29 (16-37) and 24 (16-32) in the vacuum aspiration and prostaglandin groups, respectively (median (range) NS). The wide range in the return of ovarian activity was related to the variation in decline of progesterone secretion (as reflected by excretion of pregnanediol) by the corpus luteum. Asynchrony between the ovarian and menstrual cycles resulting from a delay to ovulation presents a major constraint to the use of early pregnancy interruption as a routine method of fertility control.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1977

Sialic acid concentration in the reproductive organs, pituitary gland and urine of the Indian langur monkey (Presbytis entellus entellus).

The concentration of sialic acid was determined in the reproductive organs, pituitary gland and urine of male and female langur monkeys. In the male, sialic acid concentration was lowest in the testes and highest in the epididymides. Both caput and cauda epididymides contained almost the same concentration. Castration and subsequent androgen administration did not modify the concentration of sialic acid by comparison with intact animals, suggesting that sialic acid is not androgen-dependent in the langur. There was no significant difference in sialic acid concentration in the uterus during the proliferative and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. After ovariectomy, there was a decrease in the concentration of sialic acid in the uterus, cervix and vagina while oestrogen or oestrogen plus progesterone administration increased its concentration significantly, but not to the control level. However, the difference in concentration between oestrogen-treated and oestrogen plus progesterone-treated monkeys was not significant. There was a peak of sialic acid excretion in the urine on day 8 of the normal 22-day menstrual cycle, i.e. a day before the probable day of ovulation. In pregnant monkeys siliac acid excretion increased significantly 2 days before delivery compared with the values recorded 7 to 3 days before parturition. The part played by sialic acid during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy in the female is not clear.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Detection of estrus in dairy cows by electrical measurements of vaginal mucus and by milk progesterone.

Electrical resistance (ohms) of mucus were analyzed in 20 postpartum Holstein cows by use of a probe inserted into the anterior vagina every other day for 30 days. Composite milk samples were taken on the same day, and progesterone was determined by radioimmunoassay. Cows were observed twice daily for standing estrus and reproductive organs palpated weekly per rectum (rectal palpation). Fifteen cows which were cycling showed increasing progesterone 6 to 7 days after the onset of estrus with values of 8.1 to 10.0 ng progesterone/ml milk on days 10 to 17. Concentrations had declined rapidly 2 days before onset of the next estrus. Progesterone in milk was affected by cow and by day of the cycle. Electrical resistance followed a similar cyclical pattern, but variability was large and only cows differed. The correlation between milk progesterone and mucus resistance was .22. Progesterone concentrations for four cows with follicular cysts fluctuated randomly with a mean of 2.6 ng/ml. Mean resistance of vaginal mucus was 44 omega for both cycling and cystic cows, indicating that a single measurement of electrical resistance every 2nd day was unreliable in distinguishing physiological states. One cow had high progesterone in milk on days 19 to 25 and was diagnosed pregnant by rectal palpation 3 wk later. Cows were not seen in estrus 28% of the time when milk progesterone and rectal palpation indicated they were in the follicular phase of the estrous cycle and were cycling.

Animals↗