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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Penile plethysmography before the European Court of Human Rights.

The Court of the Council of Europe has been confronted to the request of an offender complaining to have been submitted to Plythesmograph. An extract of the European Court's decision of Human Rights, preceded by a short introduction, is printed below.

Civil Rights↗
PubMed2002

A comparison of objective measures of sexual arousal and interest: visual reaction time and penile plethysmography.

This study assessed the reliability and validity of a visual reaction time (VRT) measure of sexual interest (G. G. Abel, J. Huffman, B. Warberg, & C. L. Holland, 1998) and the penile plethysmograph (PPG) with audio stimuli. A sample of 57 sex offenders incarcerated at a high-security military prison completed physiological and self-report measures of sexual interest, including the VRT and the PPG. Results indicated adequate internal consistency for both measures. Convergent validity and an assessment of clinical usefulness for both measures indicated that (a) both measures accurately identified offenders against young boys; (b) the VRT, but not the PPG, significantly identified offenders against adolescent girls; (c) neither measure reached statistical significance in identifying offenders against adult women; and (d) the VRT did not reach statistical significance in identifying offenders against young girls and the PPG did reach statistical significance but in the opposite direction as was expected (i.e., men with female child victims had significantly lower arousal to female child stimuli than did men in other victim choice categories).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of impulse oscillation system: comparison with forced oscillation technique and body plethysmography.

The impulse oscillation system (IOS) has been developed recently to measure respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) at different frequencies up to > or = 25 Hz. IOS has, however, not been validated against established techniques. This study compared IOS with the classical pseudorandom noise forced oscillation technique (FOT) and body plethysmographic airway resistance (Raw) in 49 subjects with a variety of lung disorders and a wide range of Raw (0.10-1.28 kPa x L(-1) x s). Rrs,IOS was slightly greater than Rrs,FOT, especially at lower frequencies, with a mean +/- SD difference at 5-6 Hz of 0.14 +/- 0.09 kPa x L(-1) x s. Comparisons with the wave-tube technique applied on two analogues indicated an overestimation by IOS. Xrs,IOS and Xrs,FOT were very similar, with a slightly higher resonant frequency with IOS than with FOT (mean difference +/- SD 1.35 +/- 3.40 Hz). Raw was only moderately correlated with Rrn,FOT and Rrs-IOS; although the mean differences were small (0.04 +/- 0.14 kPa x L(-1)s for Rrs6,FOT and -0.10 +/- 0.14 kPa x L(-1) x s for Rrs5,IOS), IOS and FOT markedly underestimated high resistance values. In conclusion, the impulse oscillation system yields respiratory system resistance and reactance values similar, but not identical to those provided by the forced oscillation technique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Validation of respiratory inductive plethysmography using the Qualitative Diagnostic Calibration method in anaesthetized infants.

The aim of this study was to compare tidal volume (VT) derived from the Qualitative Diagnostic Calibration (QDC) method (VT,QDC) with measurements from pneumotachography (VT,PN,T) in anaesthetized infants. Measurements were made during spontaneous (SV) and intermittent positive pressure (IPPV) ventilation, sighs and airway occlusions. The VT,DIF was the difference between VT,QDC and VT,PNT (%VT). The contribution of the ribcage (rc) to VT,QDC (%rc) and the thoracoabdominal phase lag were also derived. Twenty-eight infants, mean (SD) age 14.0 (6.2) months were studied. VT,QDC represented VT,PNT most closely when > or = 20 breaths were analysed. There was close agreement during SV immediately after the calibration period (95% limits of agreement (LA; QDC - PNT) -23, 3.0%). The 95% LA increased to -9.6, 10.2% after 10 min. Accuracy diminished during IPPV (95% LA -38, 31%), and sighs. During airway occlusions, when VT,PNT was zero, the 95% LA were -63, 4.1 mL x kg(-1). Mean phase lag was 36 and 2%, respectively, during SV and IPPV (p<0.05). The %rc appeared to be overestimated, being in excess of 50% in infants under 12 months. The Qualitative Diagnostic Calibration method used to estimate tidal volume in anaesthetized infants was limited by the need to analyse > or = 20 breaths and by a loss of within-subject accuracy if measurement conditions or pattern of breathing changed.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1988

Body volume and fat-free mass determinations by acoustic plethysmography.

An acoustic plethysmograph designed to measure body volumes of infants is described. This method uses the principle of the Helmholtz resonator in which the resonant frequency of a chamber is inversely proportional to the square root of the volume of air inside the chamber. After an object is placed inside the chamber, the change in resonant frequency is used to measure the volume of the object. The coefficient of variation of repeated measures of body volumes of 13 miniature piglets (5 to 18 days old, body weights 1253 to 2631 g) ranged from 0.3 to 3.2%. Body volumes measured by the acoustic method agree closely with those calculated from carcass analysis in which body volume is the sum of the volumes of total body water, fat, protein, and minerals. Fat-free mass computed from densitometry using a four-compartment model and body volume measurements from the acoustic method agrees with fat-free mass obtained from carcass analysis. The mean difference between methods was not significant: 1 ml for body volume and 3 g for fat-free mass. The limits of agreement between methods was +/- 75 ml for body volume and +/- 214 g for fat-free mass. Our results indicate that the acoustic method can measure a change in body volume of 75 ml and a change in fat-free mass of 214 g in a 2000 g infant.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2001

Lung volume recruitment in lambs during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation using respiratory inductive plethysmography.

Monitoring lung volume is important in the treatment of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. However, there are no tools available for lung volume measurement to guide ventilator management during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) and during dynamic changes in conventional ventilation (CV). We studied the performance of a new respiratory inductive plethysmograph (RIP) with modified software. We measured Delta changes in lung volume above end-expiratory volume (V(RIP)) during HFOV and studied whether changes in V(RIP) parallel changes in mean airway pressure. Calibration of the plethysmograph was made by serial injections of a known gas volume in six term (140 d gestation) and eight preterm (125 d gestation) lambs. Linear regression analysis of the relationship between injected gas volume and V(RIP) showed strong correlation (r(2) = 0.93-1.00 term animals, r(2) = 0.86-1.00 preterm animals). The pressure volume curves from the calibration with the injected gas volumes also correlated well with the pressure volume curves extrapolated from changes in V(RIP). Lung hysteresis was clearly demonstrated with RIP after changes in mean airway pressure during HFOV and after changes in positive end-expiratory pressure during CV. We conclude that measurements of lung volume in term and preterm lambs by use of modified RIP correlate well with changes in mean airway pressure during HFOV, with static pressure volume curves and with changes in positive end-expiratory pressure during CV. We speculate that this technique may provide clinically useful information about changes in lung volume during HFOV and CV. However, evaluation of the precision and chronic stability of RIP measurements over prolonged periods will require further studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Left ventricular ejection time measured by finger-tip plethysmography in healthy young Japanese. Its correction for heart rate.

Finger-tip plethysmograms were recorded photoelectrically on 200 young males and females each. The relation between the left ventricular ejection time (ET) and the preceding heart rate (HR) and a method for correcting ET for the heart rate were studied. The values calculated by the formula ET/S-S or ET/square root S-S varied with the HR, so these formulae cannot be used for correcting the ET for HR. Thus from the relationship between ET and HR, a formula for converting the measured ET to the ET at an HR OF 70, I.E. ETc, was deduced. ETc equals ET + HR - 70. This formula can be used for both sexes of Japanese juveniles and the values obtained by it can be directly compared, irrespective of the HR.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Noninvasive measurement of central venous pressure by neck inductive plethysmography.

Bedside estimation of the height at which the internal jugular veins collapse, referenced to a standard hemodynamic location, theoretically reflects central venous pressure. This method has never been demonstrated as accurate when compared to invasive CVP measurements because of the great clinical skills and time required to visually identify the internal jugular venous waveform. Since the principles of the bedside method are sound, we utilized them in conjunction with the neck inductive plethysmograph, a device which has the capability of recording internal jugular venous and carotid arterial waveforms. The respiratory distortion of these vascular waveforms was eliminated by employing a digital bandpass filter, making it easy to identify the venous and arterial waveforms on the videoscreen of a personal computer. The upper torso was positioned while observing the videoscreen until the vascular waveform was seen as a mixed arteriovenous waveform, signifying intermittent internal jugular venous collapse. The height of the internal jugular vein above the phlebostatic axis was obtained by external measurement and recorded as CVPni in cm H2O. In 43 patients, 86 percent of CVPni (NIP) values fell within 20 percent CVPi (invasive catheter measurements) over a range of CVP from 0 to 19 cm H2O. In an additional seven patients, CVPi was greater than the height that the upper torso could be elevated and an arterial waveform could not be obtained. Here, CVPni was recorded as the value at least exceeding the value measured. In two other patients, obstruction of an internal jugular vein gave spuriously low values of CVPni. Our study indicates that this new neck inductive plethysmographic method is accurate compared to invasive catheter measurements of CVP and should serve as a safe, noninvasive alternative in situations where such measurements are required.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Accuracy of respiratory inductive plethysmography during wakefulness and sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

To assess the accuracy of the respiratory inductive plethysmograph (RIP) during sleep in obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), we monitored 13 patients with OSA during wakefulness and nocturnal sleep with simultaneous measurements of tidal volume from RIP and integrated airflow. Patients wore a tightly fitting face mask with pneumotachograph during wakefulness and sleep. Calibrations were performed during wakefulness prior to sleep and compared with subsequent wakeful calibrations at the end of the study. Patients maintained the same posture during sleep (supine, 11; lateral, two) as during calibrations. There were no significant differences in calibrations before sleep and after awakening. The mean error in 13 patients undergoing RIP measurements of tidal volume during wakefulness was -0.7 +/- 3.4 percent while that during sleep was 2.1 +/- 14.9 percent (p < 0.001). The standard deviation (SD) of the differences between individual breaths measured by RIP and integrated airflow was 9.8 +/- 5.5 percent during wakefulness and 25.5 +/- 18.6 percent during sleep (p < 0.001). During both wakefulness and sleep, errors in RIP tidal volume were not significantly correlated with body mass index. In 12 patients with at least 10 percent time in each of stages 1 and 2 sleep, SD was greater in stage 2 sleep compared with wakefulness and stage 1 (p < 0.001). In three patients who manifested all stages of sleep, SD was greater in REM sleep than in wakefulness and all stages of non-REM sleep (p < 0.001). In three patients who manifested all stages of sleep, SD was greater in REM sleep than in wakefulness and all stages of non REM sleep (p < 0.001). This was associated with paradoxic motion of the rib cage in two patients during REM. We conclude that, despite increased errors in individual breath measurements during sleep, more marked during stages 2 and REM sleep, RIP is clinically useful to measure ventilation quantitatively in obese patients with sleep apnea. The criterion of a decrease of 50 percent in tidal volume assessed by RIP is appropriate to define hypopneas in such patients.

Adult↗