Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PERSONALITY, PATHOLOGICAL”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure is not effective in patients with sleep apnea but no daytime sleepiness. a randomized, controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome is defined by a pathologic number of respiratory events during sleep (the apnea-hypopnea index, defined as the number of apnea and hypopnea episodes per hour) and daytime symptoms (mostly, excessive sleepiness). In patients with the sleep apnea syndrome, treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) normalizes both the apnea-hypopnea index and diurnal symptoms. However, the effect of CPAP in persons with a pathologic apnea-hypopnea index without daytime sleepiness is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the short-term effects of CPAP on quality of life, objective sleepiness, cognitive function, and arterial blood pressure in nonsleepy patients with a pathologic apnea-hypopnea index. DESIGN: Multicenter randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. SETTING: Six teaching hospitals in Spain. PATIENTS: 55 patients with an apnea-hypopnea index of 30 or greater who did not have daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale score </= 10). INTERVENTION: Patients were randomly assigned to receive optimal (n = 29) or sham (n = 25) CPAP and were observed for 6 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Quality of life, objective sleepiness (Multiple Sleep Latency Test score), cognitive function, and arterial blood pressure. RESULTS: The intervention and control groups were similar in terms of mean (+/-SE) age (54 +/- 2 vs. 52 +/- 2 years), apnea-hypopnea index (54 +/- 3 vs. 57 +/- 4), Epworth Sleepiness Scale score (7.0 +/- 0.4 vs. 7.0 +/- 0.4) and adherence to CPAP treatment (5.0 +/- 0.4 vs. 4.0 +/- 0.5 hours/d). Other variables, such as quality of life, cognitive function, and arterial blood pressure, were also similar in both groups before treatment. After 6 weeks of CPAP or sham CPAP, none of these variables changed significantly. CONCLUSION: In patients with an apnea-hypopnea index of 30 or greater and no subjective daytime sleepiness, CPAP does not modify quality of life, objective sleepiness, vigilance, attention, memory, information processing, visuomotor coordination, or arterial blood pressure. Treatment with CPAP is therefore not indicated in nonsleepy patients with a pathologic apnea-hypopnea index.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intensification of serum lipid peroxidationas a biochemical marker of concomitant pancreatitis in complicated gallstone disease].

Serum concentration of two products lipid peroxidation (LPO) of--conjugated dienes and dienketones--was assessed in 71 patients with exacerbation and remission of chronic pancreatitis, uncomplicated gallstone disease and with combinated pathology of pancreas and biliary tracts and in 100 healthy persons. During exacerbation of pathologic process in pancreas with the different ethiology of disease strong intensification of LPO occurs, but in period of remission LPO markers were found to be close to those in control. Postoperative complications and severe outcome in patients with gallstone disease are associated with a significant increase in LPO level in serum before reoperation. Routine clinical data in these patients detect no symptom of pancreas pathology. This finding evidenced that concentration of LPO products in the sera of patients with gallstone disease may be of great significance for diagnosis of associated pancreatitis and early predictor of outcome.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2005

[Role of boundary neuro-psychical pathologies in the development of disruptive behavior in adolescents].

Behavioural disorders in youths represent a very serious social problem and create discomfort both for the society and for adolescents themselves. This problem became very actual in adolescents because of identity crisis incident in this age. Boundary neuro-psychical pathologies seem to play a serious role as a cause of forming deviations of behaviour. Burden of these pathologies is rather high in both of groups examined by us (delinquent adolescent and adolescent with school disadaptation ) -- 49-50%, but structure and severity of these pathologies are very different: in the population of delinquent adolescents there are more severe pathologies such as residual cerebral-organic dysfunction, signs of personal anomaly with symptoms of excitability, retardation of psychical evolution with marked cognitive deficiency, whereas in adolescent with school disadaptation prevail personality disorders, phenomena of pathological puberty crisis and retardation of psycho-social evolution.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Developmental, structural, and clinical approach to narcissistic and antisocial personalities.

The conception of personality disorders (PDs) as distinct units of mental disorders is neither precise nor useful. At least some PDs, classified as separate units, reflect different behavioral expression of the same personality deviation. In this article we describe structural, developmental, and clinical continuum between relatively distinct entities of antisocial PD and narcissistic PD. The two disorders represent different endpoints sharing a borderline level of personality organization and pathological narcissism. We propose a spectrum relation for antisocial and narcissistic PD because the disorders tend to co-occur in the same individual and to run in the same family more often than expected by chance.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1997

Possible correlates of DSM-III-R personality disorders.

An association between personality disorder (PD) pathology, including symptoms of all PD types and Axis I disorders, and suicidal behaviour was studied in a series of 90 non-schizophrenic, non-bipolar in-patients of both sexes without mental retardation or organic brain syndrome. All of these patients, who scored positively on the SCID-II-PQ, were interviewed with the PDE and SCID-P, and with the Structured interview for the study of childhood trauma provided with supplementary items reflecting suicidal behaviour. Mood disorders were found to be significantly correlated with cluster C pathology (PD pathology always being expressed by dimensional PDE scores) and eating disorders were significantly correlated with cluster B pathology in women. Psychoactive substance use disorders were mainly correlated with cluster B pathology and anxiety disorders with cluster C pathology in both sexes. Suicidal behaviour was correlated with PD pathology of all clusters in women, but not in men. In women a strong correlation was found between suicidal behaviour and history of childhood trauma, especially sexual abuse. The results of this study indicate that there is some specificity with regard to the Axis I/Axis II association, more so in relation to PD clusters than in relation to the individual PD types. However, the relationships between PD pathology and Axis I disorders and suicidal behaviour are complex, and they differ between the sexes.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Changes in the lesser circulation vessels in chronic nonspecific lung diseases].

Clinicomorphological study of the pulmonary circulation vessels was performed in 20 patients with bronchiectatic disease without right ventricle hypertrophy and in 14 patients with chronic bronchitis complicated with pulmonary heart. Pathology data of persons dying from diseases other than vitium cordis and lung diseases were used as control. Morphological signs of pulmonary hypertension are found in all cases of chronic nonspecific lung diseases. The most pronounced changes develop in the vascular segment starting from arterioles and up to the arteries of muscle type with the diameter of 400 microns. The dependence of the pulmonary arteries changes on the type of lung disease is established. Pathological changes in the walls of the pulmonary circulation vessels, in parallel with pronounced compensatory alterations, are found in cases complicated with pulmonary heart.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Parent-child interaction in the laboratory: effects of role, task, and child behavior pathology on verbal response mode use.

Fourth-, fifth-, or sixth-grade children identified as aggressive, withdrawn, or nondeviant by a consensus of teacher and peer ratings interacted with one of their parents in a modified revealed difference task. Transcripts of the interactions were coded according to a taxonomy of verbal response modes (VRMs). Comparison of VRM profiles showed small and equivocal differences between trait groups. However, differences between roles (parent and child) and differences between two phases of the task ("reach agreement" on a problematic situation and "tell you how you feel" in that situation) were large and highly significant. Results support the hypothesis that intersubjective coding categories, such as VRMs, are sensitive to role, task, and relationship variables but relatively insensitive to enduring individual differences in personality or behavior pathology.

Aggression↗
PubMed1985

Brief psychotherapy with vulnerable patients: an outcome assessment.

The outcome of brief therapy with psychologically vulnerable patients is uncertain, and some clinicians, anticipating negative effects, recommend exclusion of such patients from time-limited treatment. We had the opportunity to explore the results of time-limited dynamic therapy with eight vulnerable patients, a subsample within a larger series of 35 persons treated for pathological grief reactions precipitated by parental death. These cases included three poor outcomes, four good outcomes, and one fair outcome. Examination of each case individually suggests that for the majority, brief therapy was useful in stemming a downhill course. In some cases, it also provided a bridge to an indicated longer-term psychotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Possible antecedents of DSM-III-R personality disorders.

In order to extend our knowledge of the effects of environmental influences upon personality disorder (PD) pathology, childhood traumatic events and parental bonding were studied in 90 PD in-patients of both sexes. Childhood traumatic experiences (primarily physical and/or sexual abuse) and parental bonding dimensions were correlated with PD pathology depending on PD type and cluster. Important differences were found between the sexes. The quality of the paternal relationship (high control, low care) was significantly associated with PD pathology in men, whereas childhood traumatic experiences and the quality of maternal parenting were associated with PD pathology in women. The study of traumatic events such as childhood abuse has recently been the focus of considerable attention. More emphasis in empirical research needs to be given to parental relationships, especially in the case of men.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

MR spectroscopy detection of lactate and lipid signals in the brains of healthy elderly people.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to assess the presence of brain lactate and lipid signals, frequently associated with the presence of pathology, in healthy persons of 60-90 years old (n = 540). Lactate and lipid signals were observed in, respectively, 25 and 6% of women, and 18 and 2% of men. Upon adjustment for age, and for MRI-detected cerebral atrophy and white matter lesions, the gender differences in lactate and lipid remained the same (p = 0.05 and p = 0.03, respectively). Brain lactate and lipid signals appear to be intrinsic to aging. However, the presence of these metabolites in very focal areas only, rather than in any distributed fashion within the brain (the latter generally the case with cerebral atrophy and white matter lesions), strongly suggests the existence of asymptomatic focal pathology not shown on MRI.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

A cognitive profile of individuals who tend to worship celebrities.

Celebrity worship is a form of parasocial interaction in which individuals become obsessed with 1 or more celebrities, similar to an erotomanic type of delusional disorder. Drawing on the cognitive factors implicated in erotomania, the authors hypothesized that celebrity worshippers might be expected to exhibit verbal, visuospatial, and cognitive deficits related to flexibility and associative learning. This general hypothesis was tested in a sample of 102 participants who completed the Celebrity Attitude Scale (L. E. McCutcheon, R. Lange, & J. Houran, 2002), the Entertainment-Social, Intense-Personal, and Borderline Pathological subscales, and 6 cognitive measures that included creativity (verbal), crystallized intelligence, critical thinking, spatial ability, and need for cognition. The results were consistent with predictions and suggest that cognitive deficits only help facilitate an individual's susceptibility to engage in celebrity worship. The results are discussed in terms of the multivariate absorption-addiction model of celebrity worship.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Bulimia nervosa with and without alcoholism: a comparative study in Japan.

To characterize females with bulimia nervosa and alcoholism, this study compared the social and family backgrounds, as well as the clinical symptoms of alcoholics with bulimia and patients with bulimia only. The subjects were 22 Japanese female patients with both bulimia nervosa and alcoholism; the comparison group comprised 22 age-matched female patients with bulimia nervosa but without alcoholism. Patients with both bulimia and alcoholism had more borderline personality disorders and pathological symptoms such as stealing, suicide attempts, and liver injuries than the nonalcoholic comparison group. The subjects' average body weight was significantly less than that of the comparison group. Whereas the clinical characteristics of females with bulimia and alcoholism differ in many respects from those with bulimia only, it is suggested that alcoholic bulimia patients form a distinct clinical subgroup among patients with bulimia nervosa.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Roux-en-y hepatojejunostomy in benign pathology of the common duct].

Personal experience is reported of 59 hepaticojejunostomies performed on an excluded Roux loop in the treatment of benign pathologies of the main bile duct. The advantages and disadvantages of this approach are discussed. Several particular cases are described as is the surgical technique adopted. Complications arising in 5 patients included 3 duodenal ulcers, one of them bleeding and 2 cases of anastomotic stenosis. In all other cases the operation was satisfactory. Follow-up involved echographic and cholescintigraphic examinations. It is concluded that Roux en Y hepaticojejunostomy is the treatment of choice in benign pathologies of the main bile duct when transduodenal papillostomy is contraindicated.

Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y↗
PubMed1992

The aging brain.

A recent interest in aging of the nervous system is related to the remarkable increase in the numbers of elderly persons throughout the world. As a reflection of the added years, pathologies in the older person have also increased. Primary among those which affect the activities and behavior of these people are the dementias, especially Alzheimer's Disease. To focus on such problems, however, requires an understanding of the changes which take place in the normal aging nervous system. This paper reviews some of the accepted criteria for these changes as well as the possible attempts by the nervous system to alter its structure in response to these changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. An epidemiological study in a hospital population.

In order to determine the incidence of bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with other types of pulmonary pathology, 586 in-patients, out-patients and controls were examined during the period 1968-1970 in Baguley Hospital, Manchester, England. It was found that from the 344 in-patients and out-patients with other pulmonary pathology, 6 had a definite diagnosis of allergic aspergillosis. 1 had pulmonary aspergilloma while 53 other patients demonstrated some evidence of bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. These 53 patients had insufficient criteria to be classified in one of the recognised forms of aspergillosis. The number of controls examined was 242, none of whom were found to have allergic or other forms of aspergillosis. Eleven of these had a positive immediate skin test the other test being negative. In addition to the above groups 534 patients with bronchial asthma attending the out-patient department, were investigated with multiple intradermal tests, including Aspergillus fumigatus. Positive intradermal Aspergillus test was found in 130 of the patients with bronchial asthma. This investigation showed that the bronchopulmonary asperigillosis is more prevalent in patients with a pulmonary disease than in persons without this pathology.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMed1997

[Eosinophil cationic protein in persons with contact allergy to disinfectants].

The concentration of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in blood serum was determined in 53 health service workers (women) with contact allergy to disinfectants and in 16 healthy women using a radioimmunological method. The mean ECP concentration in the study group accounted for 7.518 micrograms/l, and in the control group 4.893 micrograms/l. The concentration of 8.403 micrograms/l (the mean concentration in the control group + 2 SD) was taken as a cut off concentration value. In 17 (32.1%) persons with contact dermatitis, pathological ECP values were found. An increased ECP was observed in persons with positive results of prick test, especially in the case of Dermatophagoides, pollens and latex as well as in those with increased total IgE concentration. Our results indicate the involvement of immediate allergy in the incidence of contact allergy to disinfectants.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Psychological and neuropsychological problems in multiple sclerosis].

Neuropsychological investigations have demonstrated that cognitive disorders are common (about 60%) in patients with multiple sclerosis. 22 patients and 22 controls participated in the study with a review of literature. The cognitive dysfunction may be termed a subcortical white matter dementia. The hallmarks are: forgetfulness, reduced speed of information processing, impaired attention and slowness of thought processes, impaired ability to manipulate acquired knowledge. Psychiatric disturbance have also high prevalence: emotional or personality changes, depression. Pathological laughing and crying are classical but not well understood. This intellectual and emotional changes in multiple sclerosis are studied by adapted psychometric psychiatric examination. Correlation of magnetic resonance imaging with neuropsychological testing is now demonstrated. Total lesion score is the best predictor of cognitive deficits, cerebral atrophy and lesions of the corpus collosium also. Neuropsychological rehabilitation techniques and symptomatic treatments must be applied to patients with multiple sclerosis.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identity disturbance in personality disorders.

We explored identity disturbance and some of its correlates and antecedents in patients with personality disorder (PD) pathology. A group of inpatients who all were diagnosed as PD on self-reports were divided as those with (28 patients) and without (62 patients) identity disturbance on the basis of the DSM-III-R borderline PD identity item criterion. The division of the patients was tested and found to be valid. Both groups were compared with each other. Seventy-five percent of patients with and 34% of patients without identity disturbance received the definite interview diagnosis of PD. The syndrome of identity disturbance was encountered in basically all PD types. In contrast, half of all patients with PD presented no identity disturbance. Identity disturbance did not predispose to specific axis I disorders and suicidal behavior, and it was not correlated convincingly with childhood traumatic experiences and parental bonding scores. The results neither support the DSM conceptualization of identity disturbance as an exclusive characteristic of borderline PD, nor the Kernberg's concept of identity disturbance as an essential of borderline personality organization which should be found in almost all PD types.

Adult↗