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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[The EDIT project. Problem-based learning on the web challenges students' thinking].

EDIT is short for Educational Development using Information Technology. The EDIT project was initiated by the Faculty of Health Sciences at Linköping University. The aim was to develop web-based scenarios for problem-based learning (PBL). Patient case studies and other medical problems or situations are illustrated by using realistic texts and multimedia, e.g. pictures and short films. Since the project started in 2001, EDIT-scenarios have been developed for six undergraduate programmes. The project covers two years of the medical programme. The use of multimedia has introduced new possibilities to challenge students' thinking by stimulating more senses. The different parts of a scenario are designed to raise questions without providing answers. Both students and tutors have perceived EDIT-scenarios as more motivating and interesting than the case studies on paper previously used. EDIT has contributed to improving and updating PBL-scenarios. This process has helped vitalise the discussions about pedagogical issues. For students as well as teachers, the project has lead to increased general familiarity with IT. In this paper, the project concept, practical aspects of the implementation, and pedagogical outcomes are discussed.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed2004

[Problem based learning by distance education and analysis of a training system].

This article presents and analyses a training system aiming at acquiring skills in nursing cares. The aims followed are the development: --of an active pedagogic method: learning through problems (LTP); --of the interdisciplinary and intercultural approach, the same problems being solves by students from different disciplines and cultures; --of the use of the new technologies of information and communication (NTIC) so as to enable a maximal "distance" cooperation between the various partners of the project. The analysis of the system shows that the pedagogic aims followed by LTP are reached. The pluridisciplinary and pluricultural approach, to be optimal, requires great coordination between the partners, balance between the groups of students from different countries and disciplines, training and support from the tutors in the use of the distance teaching platform.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2005

[Written language and intellectual disability].

AIMS: Following the diagnosis of intellectual disability, a prognosis can be offered concerning the degree of autonomy the child will be able to achieve based on prior experience, but which depends on the aetiology of the disability. It is still difficult to give a prospective answer regarding the capacity to reach an operative level of written language. The goal of being able to offer an experience-based prognosis involves prior analysis of how learning dysfunctions are approached in the disabled population. DEVELOPMENT: Although we have an increasingly deeper understanding of the neurocognitive foundations of specific learning difficulties and the careful neuropsychological management of children with disorders affecting the acquisition of written language with a typical intellectual level, those with intellectual disability continue to be treated using a simplistic approach in which their intelligence quotient is still taken as the most relevant feature. Little attention is paid to neuropsychological aspects, the pedagogical and social environment or comorbid aspects that may affect the acquisition of the function. Yet, these are aspects that are submitted to thorough evaluation in children who are not disabled. CONCLUSIONS: The current concept of intellectual disability has gone beyond the definition based on the intelligence quotient. The wide variability in the reading function in children with intellectual disability cannot be explained only according to a psychometric assessment. A more complete neuropsychological approach, as carried out in the population with no disability, will enable us to detect cognitive, pedagogical, social and pathological dysfunctions that interfere with the acquisition of written language.

Learning Disabilities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hygienic training of students, the future teachers of primary forms].

The paper emphasizes the need for improving the hygienic training of pedagogical students under the conditions of the present-day developing education. It proposes a stepwise system of hygienic training through the subjects of federal and national-regional components, special courses, and pedagogical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Grepator: accents & case mix for thesaurus.

There is a real need among researchers and students for pedagogical resources. In France, information retrieval techniques have been developed, for example in the Doc'CISMeF web site. As Pubmed, documents are indexed with (French) MeSH terms, one of the problems discovered, in quality studies, is the inadequacies between the user requests and the MeSH controlled vocabulary. Moreover, French (but also Greek or Spanish), pose specific problems for indexing, due to the diacritic characters.In this article, we present the Grepator project. The main goal is to transform any thesaurus (or any entry) in case mix and accentuated characters, for a specific domain. Furthermore, Grepator has to complete MeSH terms according to their usual form in natural language and finally, to correct user spelling mistakes. Grepator is based on a statistical approach. A large French medical corpus has been constituted from pedagogical resources indexed in CISMeF. Using regular expressions, Grepator searches the more usual ways to spell the word.. Seventy five percent of MeSH terms are found in the corpus, using this method, with less than one mistake for a hundred words. This first evaluation of the tools is analyzed and we discuss further steps that might be developed.

Diagnosis-Related Groups↗
PubMed2006

The use of moral dilemmas for teaching agricultural engineers.

Agricultural engineers' jobs are especially related to sustainability and earth life issues. They usually work with plants or animals, and the aim of their work is often linked to producing food to allow people to improve their quality of life. Taking into account this dual function, the moral requirements of their day-to-day professional practice are arguably greater than those of other professions. Agricultural engineers can develop their ability to live up to this professional responsibility by receiving ethical training during their university studies, not only by taking courses specifically devoted to ethics, but also by having to deal with moral questions that are integrated into their technical courses through a program of Ethics Across the Curriculum (EAC). The authors feel that a suitable pedagogical technique for achieving this goal is the use of moral dilemmas, following Kohlberg's theory of levels of morality (1981), with the final objective of attaining a post-conventional level. This paper examines the possibilities and limitations of using moral dilemmas as a pedagogical technique for training agricultural engineers. The cases, discussions, and evaluation used in the Agricultural Engineering Department of the Technical University of Valencia (Spain) are also presented.

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Development of chronic diseases in adolescents].

Complex impact of various factors on development of chronic diseases among adolescents aged of 15-17 years and dwelling in districts of Omskaya oblast is analyzed. It is noted that out of twelve factors four of them are of educational pedagogic category. Besides, one of these (the twelfth) takes second rank place emphasizing that making necessary hygienic conditions of education is of highly significance for maintenance of adolescent health. The most pronounced effect on development of chronic pathology among adolescents is produced by habitation conditions, timeliness and quality of applied health-improving medical activities during childhood. All educational pedagogic and some other factors can be controlled setting up thereby reserve for decreasing adolescent morbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Role of health care providers in educational training of patients with diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus is a high prevalence chronic disease, in which several health care providers are involved in the treatment of patients. Multifaceted professional and organizational interventions that facilitate structured and regular review of patients are effective in improving the process of care. Moreover, patient education and enhancement of role of nurses improve clinical outcomes and process of care. As diabetic management requires strict commitment of the patients, their educational therapy is mandatory. Therapeutic Patient Education (TPE) is a continous process, integrated in health care; it is a permanent care process, patient-centred, that must be adapted to the evolution of illness and to the patient's lifestyle; TPE must be structured and organized and it should receive benefits from the appropriate pedagogic means. Since the publication of DCCT data it was clear that intensive insulin therapy had been successfully applied only in centers where a diabetologist, a specialized nurse, a dietician, a psycologist and a motivated patient worked all together, i.e. where there was a "team". The team has to follow a pedagogic, multidisciplinary and patient-centred methodology of care. Well structured integration between health care providers may help to avoid the burn-out syndrome.

Case Management↗
PubMed1981

[A teaching on how to behave in psychotherapy.].

In this text we have presented a certain pedagogic experiment that we have been carrying out for the last three years at the Malartic Hospital Centre in Abitibi and that we have applied to the Amos Hospital Centre with staff members of the psychiatric and obstetrics and gynaecology departments, and to the Notre Dame Hospital in Montreal. This experiment aims to provide the therapists with a training in psychotherapy, teaching them to use themselves as medium in the therapeutic relationship. To achieve this end, we use techniques which, while bearing similarities to those personalIy experienced by the therapists in therapy or learned in training, differ by the originality of their approach. We have thus attempted to show you a pedagogic experiment involving members of a hospital medical staff who, for the most part, had no specialized training and who were able to find in themselves a great inner intelligence and use it in their relations with their patients. For that it was necessary to teach them the means of identifying certain signals coming from themselves and to consider them as a certain kind of knowledge. We stress the fact that the originality of the method used has permitted the use of this type of pedagogy in an environment in which the therapists know one another and work together. We think that this kind of pedagogy should be included with traditional teaching in order that the therapist may draw upon both.

English Abstract↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of parents and school personnel in the organization of an early educational period in children].

The sociological study conducted in the Gorod Polevskoy, Sverdlovsk Region, has established that the prevalence of maladaptation was 22.3% in children after entering the first form. The major risk factors affecting the severity of an adaptive process are a history of diseases before going to school, nonattendance of organized pediatric collective bodies, disregarding the day regimen and a poor organization of a workplace, bad parental hygienic knowledge. Efforts aimed at preparing parents to organize a child's life in the first form are insufficient and their own steps are inadequate. The parents pay greater attention to the pedagogical aspects of adaptation, by forgetting the medical ones. The teachers and medical workers show a low level of hygienic knowledge of the manifestations of an adaptive period of children's entering school and their professional duties associated with the medical-and-pedagogical provision of this period and self-overestimation of their competence.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

[Teaching experiment in the evaluation of the choice of methods in postgraduate education of radiologists].

A pedagogical experiment was used to study the effectiveness of a system of program-purpose teaching in postgraduate training of radiologists differing from the classic methods aimed at end goals. A total of 150 pedagogical tests on 240 students using parallel and cross methods were performed. The use of the system of program-purpose teaching intensifies the physician's activities, increases the effectiveness of acquiring professional habits and their retention.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of knee radiograms as criterion of femoro-tibial gonarthrosis development].

Within the context of the initiation of practising rheumatologists to the methodology and management of clinical trials, it seemed opportune to carry out a clinical research study whose aim would be pedagogical as well as scientific: pedagogical by making them aware of the problems linked with the management of a clinical trial and the problem of the variability of the measurements; scientific by trying to appreciate the clinical significance of the radiological examination data in the course of femoro-tibial gonarthrosis. The patients suffering from femoro-tibial gonarthrosis corresponding to the ARA criteria and having given their consent have been included in a multicentric prospective study where each investigator had to record--apart from the patient inclusion criteria--his personal characteristics, the characteristics of the arthrositic disease (site, aetiology, history, clinical condition). Moreover, the radiological analysis of a recent, frontal photograph of the knee on charge has been carried out by a practising rheumatologist and by a university-hospital rheumatologist. The number of observations collected (879), the low percentage of non exploitable data (3.4%) are in favour of having clinical research studies carried out by practising rheumatologists. The analysis of the study shows the following: 1) the inter-observer variability of the reading of the photograph of the gonarthrosis is high outside three parameters (osteophyte, degree of pinch and height of the spacing measured in millimetres) with an interclass correlation coefficient of 0.69, 0.71 and 0.69 respectively; 2) the radiographical examination data correlate only very partially with the clinical elements of the disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

The integration of knowledge through interactive Computer-Enhanced Learning in medicine.

Rapid advances in Information Technology in recent years have provided powerful computers and software that can be innovatively applied to create powerful pedagogical courseware that go beyond what precursors like the PLATO project could do on the mainframes of yesteryear. This article focusses on the research and development that we have carried out which is applicable to the whole area of education (including medical education). It introduces the elements of hypertext, hypermedia and the pedagogical user interface. It illustrates the principles necessary for the communication of conceptual, functional and structural knowledge. It emphasises the key aspect of mastery of Information Technology necessary for a new dimension in Computer-Enhanced Learning that will be of relevance to the Information Society of the 21st century.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1989

[Practical possibilities in the participation of libraries and information centers in undergraduate medical education].

With the aim of helping to improve the results of pedagogical work, the author presents an analysis of preconditions (professional, psychological, personal, technical, operational, and financial) of practical acquisition of information techniques and procedures by teachers, students and information workers, based on his experience and research in 1967-1988. The significance of a substantial improvement in the information knowledge of gifted students who participate pregradually in research programmes is accentuated, as well as the need of a close cooperation of information workers with university teachers in the sphere of research. The delivery of new sources that are essential for pedagogical work direct onto the desks of the teachers is pointed out as an irreplaceable function of libraries and information centres, the same as technical assistance in their publication activities. It is suggested that the demands on the provision of the pregradual training with library services and information supply should correspond to those of the research.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Certain reflections of a child psychiatrist on school failure].

School failure is an important phenomenon about which not only the teachers are very much concerned, but also the sociologists and the political authorities. As it is the main reason why people consult them, child psychiatrists, psychologists and professionals in mental health are led to consider, beside the specific psychopathological factors, the socio-cultural and pedagogical aspects involved in different ways everytime a child meets difficulties at school. The programs of intervention resulting from this dynamic approach raise the question of the limits of the psychiatrists' competence and practice. The cooperation with the school in particular should take into account the risks arising from any confusion between therapeutic and pedagogic responsibilities. Finally, serious school failure leads us to question how special education works, when considering inadaptation only as a consequence of deficits. We should compare the advantages of such a system in connection with the possibilities-still to be imagined- of integration through the channel of ordinary school teaching.

Achievement↗
PubMed1985

[Teaching methods and the improvement of education in health administration].

This article raises two basic problems that health administration educators must face in drawing up study plans and selecting pedagogical methods for the proper training of local-level health administrators. One problem is the theory of administration--influenced by scientific theories from other disciplines--and the other is the many objectives of instruction in this field. Some of the factors are examined that have helped prevent the development in health administration instruction of a clear perception that would enable it to identify the problems, methodologies and appropriate solutions at the local level everywhere; this lack of clarity naturally gives rise to a series of conflicts about the educational requirements and those of the administration process itself. The primary activities of a local administrator and the nature of the student's motivation and his objective have to be borne in mind in the context of the teaching and learning experience. The author feels that, apart from considerations on social justice, the right road to the improvement of instruction in this field is essentially to choose the best pedagogical technology for the type of student to which it is addressed.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Training in epidemiology at the Institute of Tropical Medicine of the Army Health Service. Experience over 4 years].

The authors described the training in epidemiology received by 185 Army medical doctors attached for instruction to the I.M.T.S.S.A. since 1981. Statistical methodology, basic epidemiology, and applied epidemiology are taught in such way that Army medical doctors are better capable of rationalizing and strengthening their action of prevention in their posting either in France or seconded to developing countries. Description of pedagogical targets is underlined as well as methodology of control and evaluation of progress towards these targets. The authors are also able to appreciate, in terms of the level of capacity of the personnel trained, the severity of the consequences either of a strengthening of the pedagogical targets or of a reduction. When the reform of medical education and training imposes very often such an alternative, the authors point out how the leading opinion of the ones who utilize the services of the personnel should be taken into full consideration prior to any decision.

Epidemiology↗
PubMed1979

[X-ray anatomic features of the skeletons of twin children].

The size of right and left middle phalanges in the II-V fingers and the III finger have been studied in 108 pairs of monozygotic and dizygotic twins at 8--19 years of age and in 60 paris (pedagogical experiment) of separated twins (from the same pair), schoolchildren of the 2d--5th forms trained according different programs of physical culture. A great similarity of osteometric signs has been stated in monozygotic twins. As to local (intradigital) differences, a prevalence of the IIId finger should be mentioned. Maximum of genetic determination is evident for transversal growth--under high mechanical loadings on the bones, for longitudinal--under low mechanical loadings. The data of the pedagogical experiment demonstrate that increased mechanical loading on the hand bones activates osteogenesis. According to the majority of indices the main is the "radial" (II--III fingers) type.

Adolescent↗