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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Translocation (1;16) identified by chromosome painting, and PRimed IN Situ-labeling (PRINS). Report of two cases and review of the cytogenetic literature.

We used the molecular cytogenetic in situ techniques chromosome painting and PRimed IN Situ labeling (PRINS) to elaborate the cytogenetic observations in two cases of the rare aberration der(16)t(1;16), which occurs in a wide variation of hematologic and nonhematologic malignancies [1-3]. Review of the literature showed that, in contrast to the chromosome 1 breakpoint, the breakpoint on chromosome 16 is associated with diagnosis as well as patient age.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Characterization by chromosome painting of balanced and unbalanced X chromosome translocations in myelodysplastic syndromes.

Structural anomalies of the X chromosome, especially translocations, are rare events in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). In a series of 2270 MDS patients analyzed between 1983 and 1994 (Center for Human Genetics, Leuven), 9 cases were found with translocations involving the X chromosome. These aberrations were not restricted to specific FAB subtypes and were the sole anomalies in 3 cases. In the remaining 6 patients, they were associated with other abnormalities, including 5q-, observed in three cases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was retrospectively performed on 8 patients and was shown to be a useful complement for the characterization of the translocations involving the X chromosome. In 3 cases, we could identify translocation partners and breakpoint regions only by using chromosome painting. No recurrent chromosome partners were observed. The breakpoints could be localized along the whole X chromosome. There was, however, a cluster in the Xq13 region involved in 4 of the 9 patients. The previously reported association of Xq13 anomalies with refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS) was found in only one case. Despite the lack of characteristic translocations involving the X chromosome, the occurrence of such changes as the sole karyotypic anomaly suggests that they could play a role in the pathogenesis of some myelodysplastic syndromes.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Comparative genomic hybridization in acute myeloid leukemia. A comparison with G-banding and chromosome painting.

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) represents a new technique for global analysis of a whole genome for net loss or gain of chromosome regions. It offers several advantages over alternative techniques. It permits analysis of a whole genome in a single hybridization reaction, it does not require the generation of metaphases from tumor cells, and it only requires very small numbers of tumor cells. Most previous studies have concentrated on the application of CGH to the analysis of chromosome defects associated with solid tumors. In this paper we report the use of CGH to study bone marrow samples from a patient with acute myeloid leukemia and complex karyotypic abnormalities. The results obtained using CGH were compared with G-banding analysis. Both G-banding and CGH detected a 5q deletion, a 7q deletion, additional material derived from 8q, and an HSR on 11q. However, several apparently discrepant results were also obtained. Paints for chromosomes 3, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, 14, 17, 22, and X were therefore used to resolve these differences. Our results demonstrate that CGH detected chromosome abnormalities associated with acute myeloid leukemia and that CGH provided information that was not obtained by G-banding analysis alone. These data suggest that CGH may prove a useful adjunct to conventional cytogenetic and molecular analysis of hematologic malignancies.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5: a fluorescence in situ hybridization study using band-specific painting probes generated by chromosome microdissection.

A series of 17 patients with myeloid disorders and partial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 5 were investigated using fluorescence in situ hybridization with 5q34-q35 region-specific painting probes generated by chromosome microdissection. This approach confirmed that partial 5q deletions are interstitial in all the cases studied. In addition no translocation involving chromosome 5 was detected.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The transmission of FISH-painted patterns derived from complex chromosome exchanges.

The first 26 families of complex chromosome-type exchanges (from three breaks in two chromosomes to five breaks in five chromosomes) have been evaluated, and the 15,060 exchanges resulting from unrestricted restitution or rejoining of the break ends yields 203 distinctive patterns, if a single participating chromosome is FISH-painted. If we assume that any exchange that produces an acentric fragment of any sort (compound-terminal or interstitial) will be ultimately eliminated in a continuously dividing cell population, then, irrespective of family origin, only 17 of these patterns (approximately 8%) will be transmitted, long-term. The 17 are illustrated, and the implications briefly discussed.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1982

The tumourigenicity of smoke condensates from cigarettes containing different amounts of cytrel, as assessed by mouse skin painting.

Smoke condensates derived from cigarettes containing different amounts of the tobacco supplement Cytrel were painted onto the banks of mice 3 times a week for 104 weeks. Cigarette samples contained 0, 25, 50 or 100% Cytrel, blended with tobacco, and 3 dose levels were used for each sample. Statistical analyses were made of tumour incidence using a mathematical model based on the Weibull distribution. Good dose relationships were observed for each product; and for samples containing Cytrel there was a reduction in smoke condensate production and in tumourigenicity (per unit weight of smoke condensate) approximately proportional to the level of inclusion. Histopathological examinations of tumours indicated a reduction in malignancy of approximately 50% for all-Cytrel samples when compared with all-tobacco samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Metabolic rate of feeding and fasting juvenile midland painted turtles, Chrysemys picta marginata.

1. Resting metabolic rates at 25 degrees C were determined for juvenile midland painted turtles that had recently been fed or fasted for 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 14 or 19 days. 2. Recently fed turtles had an oxygen consumption rate of 211 microliter O2/g/hr. This decreased by 32% on the first day of the fast and by 69% by the 19th day. 3. Mass of the turtles (4.91-14.30 g) did not affect the rate of oxygen consumption (VO2).

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Acute toluene poisoning during painting.

Autopsy findings on a man who fell from a height due to acute toluene poisoning while painting are described. Gas chromatographic examination revealed that the toluene concentrations of his blood, lung, liver and brain were 48, 35, 65 and 80 micrograms/g, respectively. These toluene levels were not enough to be definitely lethal, but were high enough to anesthetize the central nervous system.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1996

Postmortem diffusion of ingested and aspirated paint thinner.

Post mortem diffusion of paint thinner (toluene/ethyl acetate/isobutanol 8:1:1 v/v) from gastric residue (25 ml or 100 ml) and airways contamination (25 ml) was assessed in a human cadaver model, with sampling after 24 h at room temperature. Four torso blood samples showed less toluene diffusion after gastric instillation (0.5-3.8 micrograms/ml) than after tracheal instillation (10.5-421 micrograms/ml). Isobutanol diffused more readily than toluene with four torso blood samples 1.8-256 micrograms/ml after gastric instillation and 26-576 micrograms/ml after tracheal instillation. Following 25 ml gastric instillation, toluene concentrations (microgram/ml or microgram/mg) were: pericardial fluid 0.7-4.0; bile 0.5-0.6; urine 0-0.6; brainstem 1.1; lung 0.4-4.4; liver 0-162; spleen 0.6-0.7; kidneys 0.4-0.6; peri-renal fat 0.3-30.3; psoas muscle 0.3-0.8; concentrations of toluene and isobutanol were markedly higher in the left lobe of the liver than the right. Ethyl acetate was mostly undetectable in tissue samples but variably present in five blood samples: 0-21.2 micrograms/ml following 25 ml or 100 ml gastric instillation and 0-198 micrograms/ml following 25 ml tracheal instillation. Ethyl acetate was always detectable in pericardial fluid but not always detectable in gastric contents. We conclude that post mortem diffusion of toluene from gastric residue or airways contamination is unlikely to compromise the analytical validity of femoral venous blood samples, brain, or liver from deep within the right lobe. Analysis of pericardial fluid and gastric contents allows identification of ethyl acetate and isobutanol thus implicating thinner solution.

Acetates↗
PubMed1995

The effects of age and lifestyle factors on the accumulation of cytogenetic damage as measured by chromosome painting.

Individual responses to the aging process are variable and are affected by genetic as well as environmental factors. Fluorescent in situ hybridization with whole chromosome probes ('chromosome painting') provides an efficient approach for detecting structural chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes. This rapid and sensitive technique is an effective tool for quantifying chronic exposure to environmental agents which may result in an accumulation of cytogenetic damage with age. We have applied this technology to a normal, putatively unexposed, population to document the relationship between age and the accumulation of cytogenetic damage, as well as to establish a baseline frequency of stable aberrations. Using probes for chromosomes 1, 2 and 4 simultaneously, the equivalent of 1000 metaphases was scored for stable and unstable aberrations from each of 91 subjects ranging in age from newborns (umbilical cord bloods; n = 14) to adults aged 19 to 79 years. Each subject (or one parent of each newborn) completed an extensive questionnaire to identify possible lifestyle factors that may influence the frequency of cytogenetic damage. Our findings show a significant increase in stable aberrations (translocations and insertions) with age (p < 0.0001). We also observed age-related increases with dicentrics (p < 0.0001) and acentric fragments (p < 0.0001). Relative to the frequencies observed in cord bloods, the frequencies of stable aberrations, dicentrics, and acentric fragments in adults aged 50 and over were elevated 10.6-fold, 3.3-fold, and 2.9-fold, respectively. Nine variables other than age are significantly associated with the frequency of stable aberrations; these are: smoking (two variables), consumption of diet drinks and/or diet sweeteners (4 variables), exposure to asbestos or coal products (1 variable each), and having a previous major illness (1 variable). Newborns whose mothers smoked during pregnancy had a 1.5-fold increase in stable aberrations (p = 0.029). Repeat samples from a subset of the adults indicate that for most subjects there is little change in individual translocation frequencies over a period of two to three years. These results support the hypothesis that stable chromosome aberrations show a greater accumulation with age than do unstable aberrations and suggest that lifestyle factors contribute to the accumulation of cytogenetic damage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

DNA amplification on chromosome 3q26.1-q26.3 in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung detected by reverse chromosome painting.

Multiple genetic lesions have been reported in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), while considerably less information is available on squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We used reverse chromosome painting to screen a total of nine SCCs for DNA amplifications. In three of the nine SCCs, hybridisation signals were found at chromosome region 3q26.1-q26.3, which does not contain any known oncogene. In one of the three SCCs, there were additional hybridisation signals at 1q, 5p and 6p21.1. The high frequency of a consistent amplification (3q26.1-q26.3) in SCC strongly indicates a novel gene at 3q26.1-q26.3 that is important in the pathology of SCC.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Avenues of extrapulmonary oxygen uptake in western painted turtles (Chrysemys picta belli) at 10 degrees C.

The major avenues of extrapulmonary oxygen uptake were determined on submerged western painted turtles (Chrysemys picta bellii) at 10 degrees C by selectively blocking one or more potential pathways for exchange. Previous work indicated that the skin, the cloaca, and the buccopharyngeal cavity can all contribute significantly in various species of turtles. O(2) uptake was calculated from the rate of fall in water P(O(2)) in a closed chamber. Two series of experiments were conducted: in Series 1, each of the potential avenues was mechanically blocked either singly or in combination; in Series 2, active cloacal and buccal pumping were prevented pharmacologically using the paralytic agent rocuronium. In addition in Series 2, N(2)-breathing preceded submergence in some animals and in one set of Series 2 experiments arterial blood was sampled and analyzed for pH, lactate, P(O(2)), and P(CO(2)). Results in both Series 1 and Series 2 revealed that prevention of cloacal and/or buccopharyngeal exchange did not significantly affect total O(2) uptake. Interfering with skin diffusion in Series 1, however, significantly reduced O(2) uptake by 50%. N(2)-breathing prior to submergence in Series 2 did not affect O(2) uptake in paralyzed turtles but significantly increased uptake in unparalyzed turtles without catheters. Blood analysis revealed that all submerged turtles developed lactic acidosis, but the rate of rise in lactate was significantly lower in paralyzed animals. We conclude that passive diffusion through the integument is the principal avenue of aquatic O(2) uptake in this species.

Androstanols↗
PubMed2004

Bacterial infection and tissue-specific Hsp72, -73 and -90 expression in western painted turtles.

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are molecular chaperones that assist intracellular folding, assembly and translocation of proteins in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. A variety of stresses including hyperthermia, radiation, heavy metals, ischemia, anoxia and reoxygenation have been shown to increase the expression of Hsps. Likewise, bacterial infection represents a stress for the host cell. In this study, expression of the constitutive (Hsp73) and inducible (Hsp72) isoforms of Hsp70 and Hsp90 was monitored in brain, heart, liver and skeletal muscle from the western painted turtle Chrysemys picta bellii diagnosed with Septicemic Cutaneous Ulcerative Dermatitis (SCUD). This disease is caused by a gram-negative bacterium probably belonging to the Citrobacter spp. The expression of Hsp73 increased 1.8-fold in brain and liver, 2.2-fold in heart but did not change in skeletal muscle; Hsp72 expression increased 5.5-fold in brain and 3-fold in liver but did not change in heart or skeletal muscle; Hsp90 expression increased 9-fold in brain, 2.7-fold in heart and 2.4-fold in skeletal muscle but did not change in liver. These results suggest a tissue-specific Hsp response during bacterial infection and a role for Hsps in immunopathological events in reptiles.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Interaction of surfactants with thickeners used in waterborne paints: a rheological study.

Studies of the phase diagram and linear viscoelasticity of aqueous solutions of hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (HMHEC), a thickener used in water-based paints, and SDS reveal that SDS-HMHEC mixed micelles are formed that increase the number of hydrophobic junctions and enhance interpolymer association up to an [SDS]/[HMHEC] ratio. This fact produces a strong increase of viscoelasticity or a phase separation, depending on the [HMHEC]. At higher ratios the excess of micelles with predominant SDS isolates hydrophobes and disrupts the micellar network. Then, viscoelastic functions decrease and HMHEC behaves as a nonassociative polymer. TTAB and Brij30 also interact with HMHEC, but in a different way. No phase separation is observed with these surfactants. TTAB forms mixed micelles and new junction points in the same way as SDS. However, this surfactant does not stabilize the micelles as SDS does, presumably due to the different interaction between the OH from the cellulose and the charged groups. Results seem to indicate that Brij30 enters into the hydrophobic aggregates of HMHEC and stabilizes them, increasing relaxation time, but it does not form new junction points, since it forms quite big micelles.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Renal responses to mesotocin in Western painted turtles compared with the antidiuretic response to arginine vasotocin.

We have examined the renal responses to the two neurohypophysial peptides mesotocin (MT) and arginine vasotocin (AVT) in Western painted turtles (Chrysemis picta). Ureteral urine was collected, after removal of the urinary bladder, to exclude modification by trans-bladder fluxes of ions and or water. Test doses of MT ranged from 5 to 500 ng kg(-1) i.v. but only the uppermost pharmacological doses of 300 and 500 ng kg(-1) were followed by even a small reduction in GFR, a renal tubular antidiuresis, and a decrease in percent relative free-water one word clearance. A much lower, physiological, dose of 5 ng kg(-1) of AVT attenuated significantly the GFR for 30 min and decreased the percent relative free-water clearance until the end of a 150 min observation period. This is the first report of the renal response to MT in a reptile. It was concluded that MT is not a diuretic hormone, as it is in amphibians and that AVT may be the naturally occurring antidiuretic hormone in the Chelonians.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Generation of a complete set of human telomeric band painting probes by chromosome microdissection.

Chromosomal rearrangements involving telomeric bands have been frequently detected in many malignancies and congenital diseases. To develop a useful tool to study chromosomal rearrangements within the telomeric band effectively and accurately, a whole set of telomeric band painting probes (TBP) has been generated by chromosome microdissection. The intensity and specificity of these TBPs have been tested by fluorescence in situ hybridization and all TBPs showed strong and specific signals to target regions. TBPs of 6q and 17p were successfully used to detect the loss of the terminal band of 6q in a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line and a complex translocation involving the 17p terminal band in a melanoma cell line. Meanwhile, the TBP of 21q was used to detect a de novo translocation, t(12;21), and the breakpoint at 21q was located at 21q22.2. Further application of these TBPs should greatly facilitate the cytogenetic analysis of complex chromosome rearrangements involving telomeric bands.

Cell Line, Tumor↗
PubMed2002

Determination of diuron and the antifouling paint biocide irgarol 1051 in Dutch marinas and coastal waters.

A sensitive LC-electrospray MS-MS method using off-line solid-phase extraction for the determination of diuron and Irgarol 1051 has been developed, enabling determination of both compounds at sub-ppt levels. Diuron and Irgarol 1051 are used as alternatives for tributyltin in antifouling paints that prevent growth on boats, and an increase in their application is anticipated because of the upcoming ban on tributyltin in 2003. In 2000, a survey was carried out to assess contamination with diuron and Irgarol 1051 of a number of Dutch marinas and coastal waters. Depending on the time of year, both compounds were encountered at levels higher than the maximum permissible concentrations of 430 and 24 ng/l for diuron and Irgarol 1051, respectively. Outside marinas at reference locations, concentrations were much lower, depending on the geographical situation and the nature of the water exchange with the environment related to tidal cycles. A seasonal influence was observed with highest levels in summer, corresponding to the yachting season for both compounds. For diuron, use in agriculture could have contributed to the high concentration encountered in surface waters.

Diuron↗