Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “OXYTOCICS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Excretion of methylergometrine (methylergonovine) into the human breast milk.

Methylergometrine concentrations in the maternal plasma and breast milk were determined by a radioimmunoassay during continuous treatment with 0.125 mg of methylergometrine 3 times daily. On the fifth postpartum day at 8:00 a.m. the patients (n=8) took 2 tablets of Myomergin (0.250 mg of methylergometrine) orally, and the levels in the plasma and milk were determined at 1 and 8 hr after the drug administration. Measurable amounts of the drug were found only in 5 out of 16 milk samples. It was concluded that this oxytocic drug does not appear in the breast milk in quantities sufficient to affect the infant. No cumulation in the plasma or in the breast milk was found.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The neurophysins (author's transl)].

The neurophysins are the carriers of oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) along the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal tract. They are liberated when the hormones are released; their radioimmunoassay which are methodologically more simple than that of the active nonapeptides can be used in clinical practice. Moreover, the separate assay of each major neurophysins bring a specific index of the release of each hormone. The radioimmunoassay for circulating neurophysins appears to be useful for the differential diagnosis of polyuria, water retention and hypothalamic disease. The neurophysins are however devoided of any antidiuretic or oxytocic properties and their half-lives differ slightly from that of circulating hormones: therefore a basal level or values obtained in the course of an inhibitory test must be cautiously interpreted.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The duration of normal labour in Cape Town whites.

The durations of the various stages of normal labour in White patients delivered at Mowbray Maternity Hospital, Cape Town, have been estimated for parity groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 and over. A significant correlation between age and the duration of the second stage was found in the para 2 group (r = 0,23, P less than 0,05). Previous abortions, marital status and oxytocic augmentation had no significant effect. The mean durations of the 1st and 2nd stages in primigravidas were significantly longer than in multigravidas. The upper limits of normal for the durations of the 1st and 2nd stages and the duration of the active phase were calculated. The mean duration of the 3rd stage was approximately 5 minutes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Intravascular spill of hyperosmolar urea during induced midtrimester abortion.

Intravascular spill of hypertonic sodium chloride and the resultant serious and occasionally fatal consquences have been reported in association with induced midtrimester abortion. This report details 3 cases of intravascular spill of hyperosmolar urea. Although urea may pose less concern, because of its ability to readily cross cell membranes and its action as an osmotic diuretic, inadvertent intravascular spill can produce symptoms that include nausea, headache, sensations of warmth, and intense uterine cramping. In addition, abnormal blood pigments may occasionally be noted in the urine. Treatment includes intravenous hydration, careful monitoring of fluid/electrolyte balance and renal function, and avoiding the use of oxytocic agents.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Unrecognized hemorrhages during delivery].

On the basis of a series of 600 deliveries between January 1 and May 1 1993, the authors analyze cases of unrecognized delivery-related hemorrhage. Hemorrhage of this type, defined retrospectively on the basis of a difference of at least 3g/100 ml in hemoglobin levels at the time of admission to the labor ward and on the 2nd day post-partum, were found in 3.83% of deliveries and were responsible for 51.11% of falls in hemoglobin of 3g/100 ml or more. Primiparity, induced labor (oxytocics), episiotomy, forceps extractions and cesarean section are their etiologic factors. Particular care should be taken in the presence of any of these factors and induced labor may be useful in the prophylaxis of these unrecognized hemorrhages.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Nifedipine in preeclampsia for cesarean section].

The patients with preeclampsia undergoing emergent cesarean section is always a challenge to an anesthesiologist, because severe hypertensive response after laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation may result in life-threatening complication such as cerebral hemorrhage. Most of these patients receive magnesium sulfate for the prevention of convulsion. An ideal anti-hypertensive drug for preeclampsia should be effective, limited fall in blood pressure, rapid onset, maintaining uteroplacental blood flow, and less maternal and fetal side effects. We studied the efficacy of 10 mg sublingual nifedipine in attenuating the pressor response to intubation. We were also concerned about whether this calcium antagonist may inhibit uterine contraction and increase intra and postpartum hemorrhage when it is used with magnesium sulfate and general anesthesia. There were thirty-three patients in our study (16 in nifedipine group and 17 in control group). This study revealed that nifedipine attenuate the hypertensive response effectively. Uterine contraction response to oxytocic drugs was quite well in both groups. There was no significant difference in blood loss between nifedipine and control group. And no severe maternal and fetal adverse effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Rupture of the pregnant uterus: Ramathibodi's experience 1981-1990.

A total of seven women had uterine rupture at Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, between 1981-1990. The incidence was 1 per 9,908 deliveries or 1.009 per 10,000 deliveries. All were related to oxytocic drug administration and two of them had induction with prostaglandins. The intraoperative and postoperative problems were intraoperative hypotension (57%), febrile morbidity (28%) and wound dehiscence (12.5%). Fetal mortality was 43 percent and there was no maternal death.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Uterine ruptures. 32 cases].

On the basis of qqq 32 cases of rupture of the uterus observed over a 5-year period at the Monastir University hospital (Tunisia), the authors recall the high incidence of this obstetrical emergency: 1 incident per 548 deliveries. The usual aetiological factors were present: multiparity, caesarean scar, mechanical dystocia, oxytocic dystocia and obstetric manoeuvres. The foeto-maternal prognosis is poor with a maternal mortality rate of 3.13% and a perinatal mortality rate of 46.9%. Treatment should be conservative whenever possible. The authors attempt to define a prophylactic approach on the basis of the aetiological context.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: 2 clinical cases].

The clinical evolution and the laboratory pattern of two patients with histopathologically confirmed fatty liver of pregnancy is described. Both babies were delivered vaginally after oxytocic induction and the mothers recovered completely during the puerperium. There was one fetal death in labor secondary to severe abdominal vascular malformation. The other fetus was born healthy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Delivery after a lower segment caesarean section.

A retrospective study on the outcome of 130 consecutive patients with a previous lower segment Caesarean section who delivered in Kandang Kerbau Hospital, Singapore from January to June 1989 was performed. Seventy-six percent of these patients were selected for a trial of labour and 24% of the patients had a repeat (elective) Caesarean section. Vaginal delivery was achieved in 65% of patients chosen to undergo a trial of labour. A trial of labour was found to be relatively safe with only a 0.7% incidence of uterine dehiscence and a perinatal mortality of 10.1 per 1,000 births with no maternal mortality. Cephalopelvic disproportion in the previous pregnancy and cervical dilatation during the previous Caesarean section were not important prognostic factor for the subsequent pregnancy outcome. A previous vaginal delivery in patients who had a previous Caesarean section was a good prognostic factor for a subsequent successful vaginal delivery (p < 0.05) in the trial of labour. More vaginal deliveries (p < 0.05) were achieved when oxytocic infusion was used in selected cases during the trial of labour. Maternal morbidities were higher in patients who had a failed trial of labour (57%) and repeat elective Caesarean section (20%) than those who had a successful trial of labout (10%). Management of patients with a previous lower segment Caesarean section may present a dilemma, but if properly conducted, the outcome can be favourable.

Cesarean Section, Repeat↗
PubMed1993

Bacterial flora detected in the uterine endometrial cavity of normal puerperae on the puerperal first day and on the puerperal fifth day after incidental use of cefpodoxime proxetil.

In Japan, oral antimicrobial agents are prophylactically used with oxytocics after normal delivery to prevent puerperal infections. The present study was designed to investigate bacterial floras in the endometrial cavity immediately after normal delivery and the effect of prophylactic use of anti-microbial agents on those floras. Sixty-six puerperae who underwent uneventful courses of pregnancy and delivery were subjected for this study. Intrauterine contents were collected on the first day and the fifth day of the puerperium and submitted to microbiological examinations. Cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR) was orally given to the puerperae for prophylaxis for 5 days after the initial sampling. On the puerperal first day, a total of 98 strains (71 strains of aerobic bacteria, 27 strains of anaerobic bacteria) was detected in the uteri of the 66 subjects. The incidences of aerobic Gram-positive cocci, aerobic Gram-negative bacilli and anaerobic bacteria were 59.2%, 12.2%, 27.6% of the 98 strains, respectively. On the puerperal fifth day, a total of 82 strains (51 strains of aerobic bacteria and 31 strains of anaerobic bacteria) were detected in the uteri of the 66 subjects. The incidences of aerobic Gram-positive cocci, aerobic Gram-negative bacilli and anaerobic bacteria were 52.5%, 8.6% and 37.7% of 82 strains, respectively.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

[Ethanol perfusions during threatened premature labor. Special study of oxytocinase activity].

The anti-oxytocic effect of perfusions of ethanol have been studied in 19 cases of threatened premature labour. Ethanol has a muscle-relaxing action on the uterus which was demonstrated in 8 out of the 19 cases. Blood alcohol levels equal at least to 1 gm per litre seem to be necessary to have any chance of success and furthermore action has to be rapid and given in loading doses. There are secondary effects from ethanol perfusions which, the authors consider, considerably limit the use of this product in threatened premature labour. Furthermore, when levels of the ocytocinase effect on the serum was studied in 10 cases before and after transfusing the ethanol, the results showed that there was little likelihood that overactivity of ocytocinase could explain the lowering in the levels of oxytocins brought about by the use of ethanol.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1995

[Functional expression of vasopressin receptors V1a and V2 along the mammalian nephron].

In vitro studies on single microdissected segments have been extensively used during the 20 past years to localize V1 and V2 vasopressin receptors within the mammalian kidney, and define their role in the control of water balance. Based on vasopressin-dependent adenylate cyclase activity measurements and quantitative RT-PCR studies, it is now clear that V2 receptors are present along the whole collecting duct from cortex to papilla, and, in most species, in the ascending limb of Henle's loop (thick and thin limb); occasionally in the distal tubule but not in the other segments. The stimulation by cyclic AMP of sodium chloride reabsorption in the thick ascending limb, and of urea reabsorption in the papillary collecting duct indicates that vasopressin--in addition to its well known hydroosmotic effect--also participates in the building up of the corticopapillary gradient of osmotic pressure. As regards the V1a receptor, binding studies as well as quantitative RT-PCR, and measurements of free cytosolic calcium concentration allow us to draw the following conclusions. In the rat, the V1a receptor is absent from the glomerulus, the proximal tubule (convoluted and straight portions), the tick ascending limb of Henle's loop and the terminal portion of the papillary collecting duct. It is present in the thin ascending limb and the cortical and outer medullary portions of the collecting duct. Its presence in the thin descending limb has not, up to now, been explored. By contrast with previous data in the rabbit, the V1a receptor does not alter vasopressin-dependent sodium and water reabsorption in the rat cortical collecting duct. Further studies will be necessary to determine its functional role in that segment, as well as in the thin ascending limb. Finally, vasopressin V2 agonists have been shown to induce intracellular calcium release in the papillary collecting duct, a segment devoid of V1a receptors. This effect--which cannot be ascribed to a cross-reaction with oxytocic receptors--indicates either an unusual coupling of the V2 receptor to phospholipase C or, else, the presence of a new vasopressin receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Comparative aspects of oxytocin-like hormones in marsupials.

Unlike eutherian mammals which secrete only oxytocin (OT), marsupials secrete the typically reptilian mesotocin (MT) and/or OT as their oxytocic peptides. Our laboratories have been conducting research on various aspects of the roles of OT-like peptides in three marsupials, the brushtail possum, the northern brown bandicoot and the tammar wallaby. By providing information on the functions of OT-like peptides in these species we hope to provide some clues as to the evolution of neurohypophysial hormones in marsupials. Brain and peripheral distributions of OT-like peptides have been studied in the possum and bandicoot. As in eutherian mammals, OT-like peptides are distributed throughout the brain and are present in the testis, corpus luteum, prostate and adrenal glands. Studied on the regulation of release of MT into plasma in the possum show that it is regulated by similar mechanisms to OT release in eutherian mammals. OT receptors have been characterized and localized in the possum and the tissue distributions and pharmacological characteristics of the receptor are similar to both the sheep and rat OT receptors. The marsupial OT receptor shows no pharmacological specificity for MT over OT which is reflected in the similar potency of these peptides in eliciting contractions of the uterus of the tammar wallaby in vitro. MT seems to play an important but not essential role in parturition in the tammar. MT concentrations are increased immediately after delivery in the tammar but infusion of an OT antagonist before expected birth delays but does not prevent parturition. The presence of OT receptors in the marsupial mammary gland and the sensitivity of the gland to exogenous OT and stimulation of mesotocinergic neurones demonstrates that these peptides are important for marsupial lactation. Our data suggest that the presence of MT with or without OT in marsupials is a result of a neutral mutation rather than functional evolution.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Delivery of women with cicatricial uterus].

Cesarean section rate has risen dramatically, particularly in the U.S., over the past 20 years, with results on maternal and perinatal mortality or morbidity and increase of delivery cost. To curb this inflation, trial of labor after cesarean section is proposed. Trial of labor often involves use of oxytocics. Regional analgesia is indicated for this high risk delivery. There are few absolute contra-indications to trial of labor and each case has to be analysed separately. Induction of labor leads to several advantages. The repeat cesarean section rate decreases significantly; this high risk delivery can take place during daytime with complete obsetetrical, anaesthetic and pediatric staff. The use of medication such as vaginal prostaglandins or mifepristone can also help lower this rate. X-ray pelvimetry must no longer be the major criterion for choosing the mode of delivery. Normality of labour must be judged according to previous vaginal delivery or not. Revision of uterine scar remains important for the diagnosis of dehiscence or rupture. This exploration should only be done if symptoms appear.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1998

Ventricular tachycardia after oxytocin injection in patients with prolonged Q-T interval syndrome--report of two cases.

Oxytocin is widely used in obstetric settings to stimulate uterine contraction and prevent postpartum hemorrhage. Its adverse effects which include transient hypotension and increase heart rate could be life-threatening in patients with fixed cardiac output or hypotension resulting from hemorrhage. We reported two cases suspected to have preexisting prolonged Q-T interval syndrome (PQTS) who developed ventricular tachycardia immediately after intravenous injection of oxytocin. Anesthetic management of and use of oxytocic agents in patients with PQTS were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Croxatto's fifty-year pursuit: from pepsanurin to the discovery of a new kininogen-derived peptide (PU-D1).

This paper narrates Dr Héctor R Croxatto and collaborators' efforts over the past 50 years in search for peptidic hormones obtained by pepsin hydrolysis of blood plasma substrates. In the forties, Croxatto described three peptidic fractions characterized by their hypertensive, oxytocic and antidiuretic properties, designated as pepsitensin, pepsitocin and pepsanurin, respectively. While pepsitensin and pepsitocin were later identified as angiotensin I and metlys-bradykinin, pepsanurin was not identified and its research was halted for 35 years. During that time, Prof Croxatto and his group worked mostly on the renal kallikrein-kinin system, studying its physiological anti-hypertensive role, making significant contributions in the field of renovascular hypertension. After the discovery of atrial natriuretic peptide, Croxatto resumed his work with pepsanurin. In a series of papers from 1988 to 1998, it was shown that: 1) when injected intraperitoneally or in the intestinal lumen of anesthetized rats, or in the isolated perfused rat kidneys, pepsanurin is a potent inhibitor of the natriuretic effect of ANP; 2) plasma kininogens are identified as the substrates for pepsanurin formation; 3) bradykinin and prokinins exert the anti-ANP effect when injected either intravenously, intraperitoneally or intraduodenally, at small non-vasodilator doses; endogenous kinins also block ANP renal excretory effects; 4) a 20-amino acid peptide released by pepsin from domain 1 of purified LMW kininogen was isolated by Croxatto and collaborators, designed as PU-D1, and shown to exert similar anti-ANP effects as pepsanurin or kinins, but being more potent and longer lasting; 5) the anti-ANP effect of pepsanurin, kinins and PU-D1 is mediated by B2 kinin receptors, since it is blocked by a bradykinin receptor antagonist. Currently, Dr Croxatto is working on the hypothesis that intestinal-borne kinins and/or PU-D1 may reduce renal excretion during the prandial cycle.

Animals↗