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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Roles of salivary proteins in the adherence of oral streptococci to various orthodontic brackets.

Knowledge of salivary pellicles on orthodontic brackets provides a better understanding of microbial adherence. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of bracket pellicles on the adherence of Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus mutans. Bracket pellicles were formed by the incubation of 4 kinds of orthodontic brackets with unstimulated whole saliva for 2 hrs, and analyzed by electrophoresis, immunodetection, and amino acid analysis. Binding assays were then performed by the incubation of tritium-labeled streptococci with the pellicle-transfer blots and orthodontic brackets. The results showed that low-molecular-weight mucin, alpha-amylase, secretory IgA, acidic proline-rich proteins, and cystatins adhered to all kinds of brackets, though the amino acid composition of pellicles differed between bracket types. Some of these proteins increased the binding of S. gordonii to saliva-coated brackets. However, salivary pellicles decreased the binding of S. mutans. Collectively, salivary pellicles were found to play a significant role in the initial adhesion of oral streptococci to orthodontic brackets.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Orthodontic treatment and its impact on oral health-related quality of life in Brazilian adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether Brazilian adolescents who had completed orthodontic treatment had lower levels of impacts on their oral health-related quality of life. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: The study was conducted in public and private secondary schools in Bauru-SP, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: 1675 randomly selected adolescents aged between 15 and 16 years. METHODS: Adolescents were clinically examined using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Two oral health-related quality of life measures, namely the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) and the shortened version of the Oral Health Impacts Profile (OHIP-14) were used to assess adolescents' oral health-related impacts. Multiple logistic regression was used in the data analysis. RESULTS: A response rate of 100% was obtained. Adolescents who had completed orthodontic treatment had fewer oral health-related impacts compared to the other two groups. They were 1.85 times (95% CI 1.30 to 2.62) less likely to have an oral health impact on their daily life activities than adolescents currently under treatment or 1.43 (1.01 to 2.02) times than those who never had treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents who had completed orthodontic treatment had a better oral health-related quality of life than those currently under treatment or those who never had treatment.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2005

Fluorides, orthodontics and demineralization: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of fluoride in preventing white spot lesion (WSL) demineralization during orthodontic treatment and compare all modes of fluoride delivery. DATA SOURCES: The search strategy for the review was carried out according to the standard Cochrane systematic review methodology. The following databases were searched for RCTs or CCTs: Cochrane Clinical Trials Register, Cochrane Oral Health Group Specialized Trials Register, MEDLINE and EMBASE. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied when considering studies to be included. Authors of trials were contacted for further data. DATA SELECTION: The primary outcome of the review was the presence or absence of WSL by patient at the end of treatment. Secondary outcomes included any quantitative assessment of enamel mineral loss or lesion depth. DATA EXTRACTION: Six reviewers independently, in duplicate, extracted data, including an assessment of the methodological quality of each trial. DATA SYNTHESIS: Fifteen trials provided data for this review, although none fulfilled all the methodological quality assessment criteria. One study found that a daily NaF mouthrinse reduced the severity of demineralization surrounding an orthodontic appliance (lesion depth difference -70.0 microm; 95% CI -118.2 to -21.8 microm). One study found that use of a glass ionomer cement (GIC) for bracket bonding reduced the prevalence of WSL (Peto OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.15-0.84) compared with a composite resin. None of the studies fulfilled all of the methodological quality assessment criteria. CONCLUSIONS: There is some evidence that the use of a daily NaF mouthrinse or a GIC for bonding brackets might reduce the occurrence and severity of WSL during orthodontic treatment. More high quality, clinical research is required into the different modes of delivering fluoride to the orthodontic patient.

Cariostatic Agents↗
PubMed1993

The incidence and prevention of ocular injuries in orthodontic practice.

A postal survey was conducted to determine the use of eye protection and incidence of ocular trauma in orthodontic practice. One-hundred-and-fifty-nine NHS orthodontic consultants and 203 specialist orthodontic practitioners were surveyed. Two-hundred-and-forty-one (66.5 per cent) replies were received. Some form of eye protection was routinely worn by 66.8 per cent of orthodontists, 64.3 per cent of patients, but only 33.6 per cent of DSAs. Eye protection was not offered to DSAs in 31.9 per cent of practices or to patients in 22.1 per cent. Forty-three per cent of orthodontists reported instances of ocular injury in their practices. The majority of these injuries (n = 104) occurred during debonding or trimming acrylic. Other incidents involved ligating materials, intra-oral polishing, and acid etching. Most injuries (83.5 per cent) were treated in the surgery without any long-term effects. The routine use of goggles or spectacles with side-pieces and plastic lenses, which conform to British Standard BS 2092, is recommended for staff and patients during all operative procedures in orthodontic practice.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1995

Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets treated with Sebond.

Previous studies have shown that due to poor adhesion between bonding resins and stainless steel orthodontic brackets, this interface remains a weak link in clinical orthodontic practice. A paste-like substance, Sebond, has been developed in order to strengthen the weak link between metal and resin. The present study was carried out to determine the effect on the shear bond strength, of pretreating the bracket base with Sebond. Two composite resins, Concise Orthodontic Bonding System and Nimetic-Grip were tested, using 40 orthodontic brackets for each resin; 20 brackets were pretreated with Sebond and the remaining 20 acted as controls. Of the Sebond brackets 10 were sandblasted prior to Sebond application. The bonded brackets were stored in water at 37 degrees C for 14 days after which they were tested to failure in the shear mode. Analysis of the results, using a general linear models analysis, showed that pretreating the brackets with Sebond significantly reduced shear bond strength (P < 0.001).

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1982

An investigation into factors influencing the amount of orthodontic treatment attempted by the recent graduates of two dental schools.

A questionnaire was sent to Bristol and Guy's Dental Graduates who had been qualified for between 3 and 5 years. This showed that three-quarters of those who were currently in general dental practice had treated six or more orthodontic patients since qualification. A fifth claimed to have treated more than 45. An important factor in determining whether a practitioner carries out orthodontic treatment himself, or refers patients to a specialist, is the confidence he has in his own ability to adjust and monitor orthodontic appliances. The convenience of alternative orthodontic services would appear to have no influence in such decisions.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Direct digital imaging with and without niobium filtration for detection of density differences beneath steel orthodontic bands.

An in vitro investigation was carried out to determine the efficacy of the RVG 32000 (Trophy Radiologie, Vincennes, France) in detecting subtle density variations in a standard aluminum test object through steel orthodontic bands. The density variations were of the same magnitude as those found when dental caries develops beneath bands during orthodontic therapy. The procedure was carried out with both standard aluminum filtration and added niobium filtration. This study revealed the imaging system to have a wide recording latitude with no significant differences in the diagnostic decisions being made between with entrance doses ranging from 189-517 microGy without niobium, and 169-267 microGy with added niobium. No significant difference was found between the diagnostic yield of images made with and without added niobium filtration. The accuracy was 89% with added niobium and 90% without added niobium. Specificity was 99% for both filtration conditions. It was generally possible to detect defects as small as 0.2-0.3 mm in 7 mm of aluminum through 0.26 mm steel orthodontic band material. It is concluded that the RVG 32000 has a wide recording latitude which permits detection of small density changes beneath orthodontic band material. The addition of niobium filtration did not interfere with this diagnostic task.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1999

The orthodontic implications of traumatized upper incisor teeth.

With the demand for orthodontic treatment increasing, it is inevitable that the practitioner will see a significant number of patients with previously traumatized teeth who require orthodontic treatment. The possible risks and guidelines for the management of these teeth during active tooth movements are discussed. The use of orthodontic appliances in the management of incisors traumatized during active orthodontic treatment is also discussed.

Contraindications↗
PubMed2000

An analysis of the qualitative factors which influence young people's acceptance of orthodontic care.

INTRODUCTION AND METHOD: The qualitative data volunteered as responses to open questions in a self-administered questionnaire study were analysed to identify the psychological factors influencing young people's behaviour in relation to orthodontic care and to gain an understanding of the psychological factors which influence adolescents' acceptance of orthodontic care. The study was conducted in all Walsall and Dudley secondary schools. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The responses of the young people who were in year 10 of education with an average age of 15.0 years demonstrated the importance of personal constructs, peer group and media influences, parental influences, conflicting messages, teasing, symptom perception, appearance and self-image, and interpersonal relationships in determining whether or not young people either seek and accept or reject orthodontic treatment. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that it is essential that clinicians involve patients fully and honestly in discussions concerning their orthodontic therapy in order to enable them to make a considered consent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

NSAID impairment of orthodontic tooth movement.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impairment of orthodontic tooth movement caused by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). DATA SOURCES: Biomedical literature accessed through MEDLINE (1966-January 2000), EMBASE (1980-January 2000), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-January 2000). Key search terms included NSAIDs, orthodontics, and tooth movement. DATA SYNTHESIS: Orthodontic dentistry applies mechanical force to generate tooth movement. Since prostaglandins are mediators of tooth movement, it is reasonable to expect that prostaglandin inhibitors, such as NSAIDs, inhibit or delay tooth movement. An evaluation of studies measuring the extent of NSAID impairment on tooth movement was undertaken. CONCLUSIONS: Results from animal studies have shown that NSAIDs can impair the tooth movement process. Until long-term human data are obtained, acetaminophen remains an appropriate alternative to NSAIDs for treating orthodontic-associated pain.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Orthodontic care for medically compromised patients: possibilities and limitations.

Medically compromised children and adults are increasingly likely to seek orthodontic care as improved medical management creates more long-term survivors. For the majority, treatment of orthodontic problems is feasible, but special precautions usually are required. These include medical consultation to establish the patient's prognosis, maintaining a current knowledge of drug therapy, and modifications in office procedures. Patients with a history of multiple transfusions should be presumed to be hepatitis carriers until proved not to be, and special precautions to protect office staff members and other patients should be taken. Decreased resistance to infection is a common complicating factor in medically compromised patients. Dentists must therefore avoid mucosal irritation and carefully monitor periodontal health. The practitioner should be alert to side effects of drug treatment such as xerostomia and depressed immune response, and be aware of the particular features of the underlying disease. Bleeding disorders, which can be managed by replacement of missing clotting factors, do not contraindicate orthognathic surgery. The major contraindication is poor anesthetic risk, which almost always is true for patients having sickle cell anemia because of poor blood oxygen saturation. Because orthodontic treatment can provide positive benefits, it should not be withheld solely because of the presence of a serious medical problem. With appropriate management, successful orthodontic treatment can be done for most patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

More than lip service: facial esthetics in orthodontics.

BACKGROUND: Current trends in orthodontic care emphasize alternatives to the extraction of premolars, despite a lack of support from the refereed literature for many of the nonextraction treatments. DESCRIPTION OF THE SITUATION: Anecdotal reports published in non-peer-reviewed journals have called into question the esthetic effects of extraction treatment. As calls for evidence-based treatments increase throughout dentistry, reports on the effects--both positive and negative--of different orthodontic options have appeared in growing numbers. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Given the results of a variety of reports in the peer-reviewed literature, it may be concluded that orthodontic treatment involving extractions can produce improved esthetics for many patients who have some combination of crowding and protrusion. However, careful diagnosis followed by evidence-based treatment decisions should be the accepted clinical norm as the specialty of orthodontics embarks on its second century.

Esthetics, Dental↗
PubMed2004

Evidence-based orthodontics for the 21st century.

BACKGROUND: This article examines some of the data-driven advances in clinical orthodontics and how they might influence the decision-making process in the specialty. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED: Nearly 100 years of orthodontic study has focused on two issues: one-phase versus two-phase treatment of Class II malocclusion and extraction versus nonextraction treatment of arch perimeter deficiencies. The author addresses these issues by presenting data from the first randomized clinical trial in orthodontics and from a survey of the current literature. RESULTS: The clinical trial involved subjects who had Class II malocclusion. The researchers who conducted the trial found no difference in the quality of the dental occlusion between the children who had early treatment and those who did not, as judged by both an occlusal index (Peer Assessment Rating scores) and the percentages of the subjects with excellent and less-than-optimal outcomes. Early treatment did not reduce the eventual need for orthognathic surgery. In a separate study, a researcher reported that the maxillary arch perimeter could be increased by 3 to 4 millimeters by using rapid palatal expansion, or RPE, providing space for incisor alignment to resolve crowding. The author concluded that any added benefit of RPE treatment in patients without a crossbite might be "challenging to define." CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The challenge facing orthodontists in the 21st century is the need to integrate the accrued scientific evidence into clinical orthodontic practice.

Child↗
PubMed2004

A case of oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome with integrated orthodontic-prosthodontic treatment.

OBJECTIVE: Oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome is a very rare condition that requires comprehensive dental management because of associated multiple dental anomalies such as canine radiculomegaly, delayed dentition, oligodontia, persistent primary teeth, microdontia, and macrodontia. This report presents a case of OFCD in a Japanese girl (13 years 1 month old). We analyzed cephalograms, panoramic roentgenograms, and dental casts and discuss our integrated orthodontic-prosthodontic treatment. DESIGN: The sizes of the tooth crown and root as well as lateral cephalograms were compared with those from a Japanese control group. The outcome of orthodontic treatment was evaluated by comparing cephalograms taken before and after treatment. RESULTS: Radiculomegaly was found not only in the upper and lower canines but also the upper central incisors and lower first premolars. Macrodontia was found in the upper central incisors, upper canines, lower canines, and lower first premolars. Microdontia was found in the upper lateral incisor. Lateral cephalometric analysis showed a remarkable hypoplastic midface in both the sagittal and vertical dimensions, coupled with a significantly decreased cranial base length and an increased gonial angle. Serial lateral cephalograms during orthodontic treatment from 13 to 23 years of age demonstrated only slight maxillary growth and significant downward mandibular growth with clockwise rotation in addition to pronounced labial tipping of the upper central incisors. CONCLUSIONS: Characteristic dental anomalies together with a unique craniofacial dysmorphology were clarified. Successful oral rehabilitation was achieved by integrated orthodontic-prosthodontic treatment.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1999

Half nose with ipsilateral eye and ear anomalies and facial asymmetry: report of a case with cephalometric analysis and orthodontic treatment.

OBJECTIVE: Unilateral nostril agenesis together with ipsilateral alterations of the eye, ear, and face make up a spectrum of anomalies. The aim of this study is to report a case in a Japanese girl, 14 years, 5 months of age. Cephalometric analysis is provided, and orthodontic treatment is discussed. DESIGN: Lateral and frontal cephalograms were compared to a Japanese control group. Outcome of the orthodontic treatment was evaluated by comparing cephalograms taken before and after orthodontic treatment. RESULTS: The lateral cephalometric analysis showed a severely hypoplastic maxilla in both sagittal and vertical dimensions, coupled with a decreased posterior cranial base. The mandibular rami were asymmetric. The frontal cephalogram showed decreased cranial width and maxillary alveolar width, together with an increased interorbital distance. CONCLUSIONS: Serial lateral cephalograms during the orthodontic treatment from the age of 14 to 20 years demonstrated no significant maxillary growth and some mandibular growth, coupled with labial tipping of the maxillary central incisors.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2001

Dentocraniofacial morphology of 12 Japanese subjects with unilateral cleft lip and palate with a severe Class III malocclusion: a cephalometric study at the pretreatment stage of surgical orthodontic treatment.

OBJECTIVE: The present study clarifies the dentocraniofacial morphology of patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) with severe Class III malocclusion prior to surgical orthodontic treatment. METHODS: The sample was 12 Japanese male subjects with repaired complete unilateral CLP (surgical CLP group; 21.2 +/- 1.92 years in mean age). Two sets of patients without CLP Class III malocclusion, consisting of 19 male subjects treated by surgical orthodontic treatment (surgical Class III group; 23.4 +/- 6.35 years in mean age) and 14 male subjects treated by nonsurgical orthodontic treatment (nonsurgical Class III group; 18.7 +/- 3.49 years in mean age) were used as controls. Analyses were performed using lateral and posteroanterior (P-A) cephalograms. RESULTS: (1) The surgical CLP group showed significantly smaller values for overjet, SNA angle, and inclination of the maxillary incisor as compared with those of the surgical and nonsurgical Class III controls. The values of SNB, mandibular effective length, and ramus height in the surgical CLP group were significantly smaller than those of the surgical Class III group but were similar to those of the nonsurgical Class III group. (2) The mandible and the upper and lower dental arches deviated laterally toward the cleft side. The displacement of the mandible was correlated with that of the maxilla. These results show that CLP patients who required surgical orthodontic treatment had a characteristic dentocraniofacial morphology, compared to controls without CLP with Class III malocclusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Root resorption in deciduous teeth after applying orthodontic forces.

The relation between orthodontic forces applied to deciduous teeth and the occurrence of root resorption, as a possible outcome of these forces, has not been studied to date. The aim of this work was to study root resorption in deciduous teeth of patients receiving orthodontic treatment. Twenty-four deciduous molars extracted for therapeutic purposes were studied: nineteen molars treated with light orthodontic forces and five untreated molars that served as control. Histological and histomorphome tric studies were performed to determine the magnitude of root resorption. Location of root resorption in treated deciduous teeth was different from that of physiological root resorption. Extent and volume of root resorption were more extensive and deeper in treated than in untreated teeth. These results suggest that radiographic follow-up of deciduous teeth subjected to orthodontic forces would be useful to prevent root fractures.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1975

Interproximal contact and marginal ridge relationships in periodontally healthy young males classified as to orthodontic status.

Three groups of periodontally healthy young males, classified as to orthodontic status, were evaluated for proximal contact and marginal ridge relationships in the maxillary left quadrant. The majority of anterior teeth did not have satisfactory proximal contacts on both the mesial and distal aspects. Open or defective proximal contact relationships were common in all three orthodontic groupings. In posterior areas, the orthodontically treated group had the highest percentage of open contacts. The orthodontically treated group had a significantly higher percentage of even marginal ridges in the teeth that are customarily banded.

Dental Occlusion↗