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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Catalytic autoantibodies--a new molecular instrument in cardiology and ophthalmology].

AIM: To develop a conceptual model of using catalytic autoantibodies as diagnostic and monitoring tools in organ-specific autoimmune disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 99 patients (56 males and 43 females aged 21-52 years) with autoimmune myocarditis (AM) and 198 patients (77 males and 121 females aged 8-79 years) with autoimmune uveitis (A U) participated in the study. AM patients were examined for anticardiomyosin and anti-DNA autoantibodies (ACM, ADNAab), AU patients - for autoantibodies to S-antigen, IRBP, redopsin, phosphocine, autoDNA. RESULTS: AM patients had double level of DNA-binding autoantibodies. In 1/3 of them there was hydrolysing DNA and cytotoxic activity. In AU patients maximal titers were in Behcet's disease, sympathic ophthalmia, generalized uveitis and viral uveitis. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies with different specificity and function including DNA-abzymes can be additional diagnostic and prognostic markers.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Histopathological studies of eyes removed after surgical treatment of retinal detachment].

Among the examined eyes a cerclage was done in 13, in 5 an additional invagination, in 4 a posterior vitrectomy (2 eyes with membrane excision, 1 with injection of the SF6 gas and 1 with an injection of silicone). In 7 eyes the enucleation was caused by the atrophy of the eye ball, in 5 by absolute glaucoma and in 1 by suspected sympathetic ophthalmia. The most characteristic pathological changes were: inflammatory granuloma as a reaction for silicone band (4 eyes), scleral atrophy in the area of invagination (10 eyes), choroidal atrophy (12 eyes), proliferation of the pigment epithelium (10 eyes) and atrophy, fibrosis and proliferation of the glia in the retina.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Anton (von) Rosas (1791-1855): on the occasion of the bicentennial of his birth. Part II. A survey of his scientific works with special emphasis on specific topics.

The author outlines the scientific works of Anton (von) Rosas (1791-1855), professor of ophthalmology in Padua and Vienna. Rosas' scientific opinions are compared with those of his teacher (G. J. Beer) and contemporaries. Three topics of medical and surgical ophthalmology have been analyzed in detail: epidemic-contagious ophthalmia of the army, cataract and artificial pupil. Rosas appears as a protagonist of the ophthalmologic culture of his time.

Cataract↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Specific immune complexes formed by retinal S antigens and S antibodies in infectious-allergic and post-traumatic uveitis].

A method for the detection in the blood of specific circulating immune complexes (S-CIC) formed by the retinal S antigen and S antibodies. S-CICs were disintegrated by ultrasonic treatment of blood serum samples, passive hemagglutination test and specific inhibition of passive hemagglutination were used in identification of S antigen and S antibodies. S-CICs were detectable in bilateral uveoretinitis and in suspected sympathetic ophthalmia and undetectable in unilateral processes, including those involving the retina.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1991

[Neonatal conjunctivitis in a nursery and a neonatal unit].

After Credé prophylaxis was abandoned at our hospital in 1984 scrupulous clinical surveillance of all neonates for conjunctivitis, and bacterial cultures from purulent eye discharge, have become routine. During the two-year period 1 March 1987 to 28 February 1989, testing for Chlamydia trachomatis (EIA-technique) was added in all infants with clinical conjunctivitis. During the period concerned there were 332 cases of conjunctivitis among 4,520 live born infants, an incidence of 7.3%. The incidence was higher for infants staying in the nursery (8.2%) than for those admitted to the neonatal unit (3.5%) (p less than 0.01). 90% of the infections were diagnosed during the first week of life. 468 isolates were identified by routine bacteriological investigation, 452 gram-positives (96.6%), and 16 gram-negatives (3.4%). The following strains were found: Staphylococcus aureus 171 (51.5% of the patients), Staphylococcus epidermidis 153 (46.1%), Streptococcus viridans 106 (31.9%), diphteroids 11 (3.3%), beta-hemolytic streptococci seven (2.1%), Streptococcus pneumoniae two (0.6%), enterococci two (0.6%), Hemophilus influenzae six (1.8%), Escherichia coli five (1.5%), Proteus two (0.6%) and Branhamella catarrhalis one (0.3%). Not a single case of gonococcal ophthalmia was diagnosed. Positive tests for Chlamydia were found in 13 infants (3.9% of all infants with conjunctivitis), an incidence of 0.3% for the whole population of live born infants. Six of the chlamydia infections (46%) occurred within the first week of life. Expenses for chlamydia testing were estimated to be NOK 1,020 per positive test. Preventing conjunctivitis in our nursery and neonatal unit calls for strategies to protect newborn infants from colonization with pathogenic bacteria, especially S. aureus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Conjunctivitis, Bacterial↗
PubMed1990

[Etiology and occurrence of periodic eye inflammation of horses in the area of Berlin].

Over 130 cases of equine periodic ophthalmia (p.o.), which were treated as in-patients at the Equine Clinic of the Free University of Berlin in the last 35 years, were examined statistically in relation to the age and gender of the animals involved as well as to the development of the illness and the season in which it arose. As regards aetiology, the extraction of 71 affected Trotters was investigated. Antibodies to toxoplasmosis, leptospirosis and intestinal parasites were found only in some of the patients. Younger animals, aged between one and four years, and male animals (63.6%) were predominantly affected. The results of the examinations of faeces showed no correlation between cases of p.o. and a vermination of the horses. The examinations for antibodies to toxoplasmosis gave no indication of a participation of the toxoplasmas in the aetiology of recurrent uveitis. In contrast, the results of the examinations for antibodies to leptospirosis, of which 58.8% were positive, showed a seven to ten times higher infection than in healthy horses in Berlin. Breed analysis showed that in certain breeds of Trotters and warm-blooded horses, p.o. illnesses were frequent, supporting the hypothesis that the occurrence of p.o. is due to a hereditary, allergic reaction, triggered by various factors, in particular an infection without clinical signs.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Common ocular problems in children: conjunctivitis and tear duct obstructions.

Conjunctivitis, both in the newborn period and later, and nasolacrimal duct obstructions are common ocular problems facing all pediatricians. Conjunctivitis in childhood is separated into ophthalmia neonatorum and conjunctivitis at a later time. Gonococcus and chlamydia are the organisms causing the most concern in the neonatal period. Later, the diversity of causes becomes greater, but the consequences are smaller except for herpes simplex keratoconjunctivitis. Nasolacrimal duct obstructions are common in the first few months of life with most patients clearing spontaneously. Management is aimed at controlling symptoms until spontaneous resolution occurs or until the lacrimal system is probed.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[Alternatives to steroid therapy in chronic uveitis].

In a search for alternative therapeutic methods other than corticosteroids and cytostatics, the effect of a dialyzable leukocyte extract (DLE), the antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil and the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin A in corticosteroid-resistant idiopathic uveitis was studied. When DLE was administered to 26 patients who had uveitis forms with exogenous triggering (e.g., infection), as well as forms with an autoimmune background, there was a reduction in the number and duration of recurrences and a statistically proven prolongation of the inflammation-free intervals. This was particularly true in anterior and posterior uveitis and to a lesser extent in the intermediate form. No side effects were observed. 5-Fluorouracil, injected subconjunctivally, is indicated in intermediate uveitis with marked vitreous infiltration and beginning proliferation. Corneal erosion occurs relatively often. During treatment with cyclosporin A (low dose, 5 mg/kg of body weight per day), 14 of 17 patients (9 with intermediate uveitis, 6 with retinal vasculitis, 1 with sympathetic ophthalmia, 1 with panuveitis) showed improved results; in 2 cases the findings remained stationary and only 1 case had low-grade deterioration. If one takes into consideration the fact that in this patient any therapy would have failed, the results are convincing. This is particularly true of retinal vasculitis. There is no effect in cases of central hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy. So far, there have been no serious side effects.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health promotion and disease prevention in ophthalmology.

There is a new trend in the US government's perception regarding health care today. It involves an increased awareness of how disease can be prevented and health promoted. The US government is supporting this concept with its Healthy People 2000 project. Specific pediatric concerns about health promotion and disease prevention in ophthalmology include amblyopia and strabismus, ophthalmia neonatorum, ocular trauma, radiation injury, xerophthalmia, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, infections and metabolic and genetic disorders. Adult health promotion/disease prevention priorities include glaucoma; trauma; diabetic retinopathy; corneal problems; iatrogenic infections; exposure keratitis; ocular toxicity from drugs, chemicals, and the environment; visual loss from neglect; and those mentioned in the pediatric area.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1990

Epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases: the global picture.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are now the commonest group of notifiable infectious diseases in most countries, particularly in the age group of 15 to 50 years and in infants. Their control is important considering the high incidence of acute infections, complications and sequelae, their socioeconomic impact, and their role in increasing transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The worldwide incidence of major bacterial and viral STD is estimated at over 125 million cases yearly. STD are hyperendemic in many developing countries. In industrialized countries, the bacterial STD (syphilis, gonorrhoea, chancroid) declined from the peak during the Second World War till up to the late fifties, then increased during the sixties and early seventies, and they have been decreasing again from the late seventies till the present. In the industrialized world, diseases due to Chlamydia trachomatis, genital herpes virus, human papillomaviruses and human immunodeficiency virus are now more important than the classical bacterial ones; both groups remain major health problems in most developing countries. Infection rates are similar in both women and men, but women and infants bear the major burden of complications and serious sequelae. Infertility and ectopic pregnancies are often a consequence of pelvic inflammatory disease, and are preventable. Sexually transmitted diseases in pregnant women can result in prematurity, stillbirth and neonatal infections. In many areas 1-5% of newborns are at risk of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum, a blinding disease; congenital syphilis causes up to 25% of perinatal mortality. Genital and anal cancers (especially cervical cancer) are associated with viral sexually transmitted diseases (genital human papillomavirus and herpes virus infections). Urethral stricture and infertility are frequent sequelae in men.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Etiological studies in cases of uveitis--the value of diagnostic tests].

In clinical practice it may be difficult to determine the cause of uveitides because the etiopathogenic mechanisms are not yet well known. From the present state of our knowledges, it appears that an etiological research must concern 1) the causal agents (bacterial, viral, parasitic or fungal), 2) the mechanisms (allergy, association to HLA antigens...), 3) systemic diseases associated to uveitis (for example sarcoidosis) and 4) clinical entities (such as sympathetic ophthalmia, Fuchs' cyclitis...). Concerning methodology, an etiological research in uveitis patients must begin with a careful clinical examination and an elaborate anamnesis which will give information about a possible etiology to be confirmed by appropriate laboratory tests.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1989

[Gonorrheal lesions of the eyes].

Analyzes the clinical features and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of gonorrheal ophthalmia in the newborns and patients with urogenital gonorrhea.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Dental abnormalities associated with campomelic syndrome: case report.

Campomelic syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease. It is characterized by short stature with angulation and bowing of the lower limbs, hypoplasia of the facial bones, and various other skeletal anomalies. The facies are unusually flat with micrognathia, frequent cleft palate, hypertelorism, and micro-ophthalmia. Most infants with this syndrome die from severe respiratory distress within the first hours or days of life. Those who survive infancy are mentally retarded. This case report concerns the dental treatment of a 13-year-old female with campomelic syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Various occupational diseases of the eyes caused by ultraviolet radiation].

Studies are performed on 87 workers--electric welders (for some of them they continued several years), 68.9% of the subjects have been in contact with ultraviolet radiation for a period of more than 10 years (length of service). There are data for passed acute form of electric ophthalmia, average 6.11 times during the length of service in workers with length of service up to 10 years and 12.1 times in workers with length of service above 10 years. In 11.82% of the workers a chronic form of phtoophthalmia is observed. After observation, for the first time in this country is described specific radiation cataracta in 24.13% of workers--electric welders in contact with ultraviolet radiation during their length of service--above 10 years. The problem of cataractogenesis of ultraviolet rays in electric welding processes is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Uveitis in childhood--Part III. Posterior.

Toxoplasma, nematodes, and cytomegalovirus are the most common causes of uveitis in children involving the posterior pole. Discussion of treatment and management is detailed. Rubella retinitis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis are specific entities which are limited in their initial presentation in children. Panuveitis including sympathetic ophthalmia, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada, and Behçet's syndromes, while relatively rare in their occurrence, demand early treatment intervention. Specific antimicrobial therapy and adrenocorticosteroids as well as therapeutic suggestions are also included. This is the last part of a three-part series of articles.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Argon laser trabeculoplasty in the treatment of secondary glaucoma].

Author refers a group of 17 eyes with secondary glaucomas with oper irido-corneal angle and treated by argon laser trabeculoplasty. The mean time of observation was 11.1 +/- 4.2 months after the operation. The intraocular pressure was compensated in 82.4% of eyes. The best results were achieved in the group of the exfoliative glaucomas and glaucomas present after the previous antiglaucomatic operations. The worst complication which occurred was the sympathetic ophthalmia.

Female↗
PubMed1989

[Ambulatory care of patients with sequelae of eye trauma].

On the grounds of results of observations over 1642 patients with eye traumas and their outcomes a system of dispensary observation over patients with this pathology has been worked out. Main groups of patients with outcomes after eye traumas requiring dispensarization are determined: sequelae after trauma of the protective system and eye adnexa, cornea, iris, lens, vitreous body, retina, intraocular foreign bodies, post-traumatic disturbances in intraocular pressure, changes in the retina and optic nerve, traumatic uveitis and sympathetic ophthalmia at the stage of remission. Terms, incidence and tasks of dispensarization of such patients are worked out. The developed system of dispensarization of persons with sequelae after eye traumas allows to conduct their planned treatment, prevents development of complications, progression of the pathologic process, promotes to decide questions on getting a job.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1989

[Entropion in newborn lambs].

The Entropion in newborn lambs could be proved so far in 8 sheep-breeds and 7 cross-breeds out of 33 flocks in the Federal Republic of Germany. In our patients the Entropion was found at the lower eyelid only. The owners of the animals often mistake the Entropion for an ophthalmia. An early diagnosis and an early beginning of the therapy keep the expenditure of treatment small and shorten the period of treatment; therefore examination is commendable within a short time after birth. Female lambs get clearly more often affected than male ones (Gynecotropia). In small pure-bred flocks with only one breeding-ram (and also in breeds with a limited population) the percentage of suffering lambs is higher than in large and crossed flocks with several rams and in large populations (except the breed "Heidschnucke"). In agreement with the literature it must be supposed that different genes are responsible for the Entropion. The selection of ill animals and those which are suspected of transmitting the disposition is evidently appropriate to lower the number of attacks of illness within a population considerably. All 47 affected eyes of 32 lambs were treated. Low degrees of Entropion were healed by repeated manual eversion plus application of antibiotic eye-ointment. In middle and high degrees of Entropion the application of Michel-wound-clamps on 23 of 26 eyes was successful; antibiotic eye-ointment was applied here, too; additionally these lambs prophylactically got 2000 I.U. of Tetanus-antitoxin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗