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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Progress in neurosciences: initiatives within the framework of the program "Brain Decade (1990-2000)"].

The paper describes basic scientific and practical results obtained in the past decade at the Research Institute of Neurology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, in the following areas: cerebrovascular diseases, degenerative and demyelinating diseases of the nervous system. Particular attention is paid to the development of national criteria for brain death, a concept of structural and functional levels of the vascular system, that of brain pathology in atherosclerosis and essential hypertension, rapid methods for evaluating neuronal apoptosis, a new method for diagnosing prionic diseases caused by a classical viruses, and a new method for histochemical diagnosis of the degree of reparative peripheral nerve processes in polyneuropathies and to the discovery of two new hereditary nervous system diseases, to direct DNA diagnosis of torsion dystonia, Wilson-Konovalov disease, Friedreich's disease, to the setting up of a national representative family register and DNA data bank for monogenous hereditary diseases, to the development of indications for craniocerebral bypass of cerebral vessels in multiple occlusions of great cerebral arteries and indications for programmable plasmapheresis in a number of autoimmune diseases of the nervous system, to the development of rehabilitative programmes for stabilogram biocontrol, markers of an active embologenous atherosclerotic plaque in the arteries supplying blood to the brain, etc.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed2001

Proteomics in neuroscience: from protein to network.

Proteomic tools offer a new platform for studies of complex biological functions involving large numbers and networks of proteins. Intracellular networks of proteins perform key functions in neurons and glia. The unicellular eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been the prototype for eukaryotic proteomic studies, and when combined with genomics, microarrays, genetics, and pharmacology, new insights into the integrated function of the cell emerge. The anatomical complexity of the nervous system both in cell types and in the vast number of synapses introduces novel technical and biological issues regarding the subcellular organization of protein networks. Here we will discuss the technology of proteomics and its applications to the nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Thomas Henry Huxley and neuroscience.

In the latter decades of the nineteenth century Thomas Henry Huxley was at the heart of British Science: President of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (1870), President of the Royal Society (1883-86), Chairman of innumerable committees. His thought in many ways characterises the spirit of the 'high' Victorian age in Britain. He was not only the most eminent academic biologist of his time but also deeply interested in philosophical issues. His re-examination of the evolution of the brain in response to Richard Owen's 'telenomic' views formed the kernel of the notorious debate at the 1860 meeting of the British Association in Oxford. From his early youth until old age he thought long and hard about the mind/body problem. This paper follows the development of his ideas and shows how in debate with many of the leading thinkers of his age, in the X-club and the Metaphysical Society, he struggled to develop a biologically-based account of the relationship between mind and brain. However, at the end, he seems to have recognized that his position was not entirely satisfactory and ultimately famously confessing himself 'agnostic' turned from metaphysics to devote himself to more practical issues. The unresolved problems of mind and brain which perplexed Huxley remain to torment his epigoni.

History, 19th Century↗