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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

A theory of international migration flows: United States immigration from Mexico.

The relevance of concepts of equilibrium to the analysis of migration between Mexico and the United States is examined. A theoretical model applicable to this type of international migration is first developed. The next section "presents some limited and tentative empirical observations and suggests the knowledge which might be needed for a more precise understanding of the utility differentials between countries which give rise to migration, legal or illegal." A final section is devoted to the policy implications of this approach to migration analysis.

Americas↗
PubMed1998

Environmental motivations for migration: population pressure, poverty, and deforestation in the Philippines.

"This paper uses a multinomial discrete choice model and data from the Philippines to examine migrant choice between alternative destinations. Travel costs and perceived opportunities at the upland frontier are more important than general (upland plus lowland) destination attributes that indicate more developed social infrastructure or greater expected welfare. For example, migration streams are larger to destinations where the public share of forestland and the road system are larger. These features also characterize regions of more rapid deforestation. Therefore, emigration policies must recognize their effects on deforestation at the frontier--and their anticipated indirect effects on downstream environments."

Asia↗
PubMed1984

International migration to and from Australia.

Australia's immigration policies during the past 30 years are reviewed, with a focus on the change "from an earlier emphasis on economic and population growth to an emphasis on humanitarian considerations such as family reunion and refugee resettlement." Socioeconomic and demographic effects of the country's policy of nondiscrimination are considered, and possible future changes in immigration patterns are projected.

Australia↗
PubMed1990

[The brain drain, internal migration, and management of human resources in China].

"A major impediment to Third World development, the brain drain in the People's Republic of China originates from a variety of factors which, to a notable extent, differ from more traditional causes identified in most other developing countries. In addition to political management of human resources, the organization itself of the educational system and the regularisation of internal migration are basic causes of China's massive brain emigration. Through various relations maintained by the Chinese Government with its expatriate communities, and in order to promote (and finance) the economic and technological process engaged in the early 1980s, a number of measures and incentives to integrate more rationally the resident professionals and to promote the return of expatriate brains have been adopted.... Uncertainties today impede any clear assessment of the...viability of China's official policy of recognition and integration of national professionals." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Asia↗
PubMed1992

Movement in the French Pacific: recent situation and prospects.

"Population movements in the French Pacific territories (French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna) are discussed. The local government of French Polynesia and the French authorities have tried since the beginning of the 1980s to prevent migration to Tahiti by retaining the population on the outer islands and by encouraging return migration.... The purpose of this paper is not to describe in detail the population movements in the French territories, but to review recent changes in the course of these movements, examine the impact of policy measures, and discuss the prospects for the next ten or twenty years."

Demography↗
PubMed1984

Barriers and foresight in international labor-migration.

"In the presence of barriers to mobility, migration behavior depends importantly on a worker's planning horizon. Although a myopic worker will accept the job offer promising the greatest immediate utility, a worker with foresight also values the opportunities that a job offers, to gain access to more highly valued alternatives. A model of labor migration based on these ideas...shows the importance of institutional arrangements and lends itself to the discussion of policy measures to influence labor migration....[The proposed model] is one of large-scale labor-migration [and] focuses on the availability of jobs, the worker's planning horizon, and how these factors affect his migration decisions."

Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Geographical mobility of manpower in the USSR.

"The Soviet Union is experiencing a substantial reduction in the growth of its working-age population, accompanied by a shift in the distributional pattern of population growth, with the largest increases occurring in regions where geographical mobility is low. After describing the types and scales of manpower migration in the USSR, the [authors discuss] the means used to encourage workers to move to the sparsely populated developing regions and away from large cities. This is achieved primarily through incentives, with wage differentials decreasing in importance compared with incentives bearing on the quality of life; restrictive measures have a purely corrective function."

Demography↗
PubMed1986

John Turner revisited: an intra-urban migration model for colonial-type cities in Latin America.

The author uses the intra-urban migration model developed by John Turner in the early 1960s to examine population movements in the city of Arequipa, Peru. Ways in which the model applies in the case of Arequipa are summarized, as are quantitative and qualitative differences between the model and the Arequipa study. The Turner model employs economic (industrialization level), demographic (level of rural-to-urban migration), and political (housing policy) criteria to distinguish a city's transitional phase. "According to these criteria Arequipa clearly belongs to the mid-transitional phase. The pattern of intra-urban migration, however, shows a mixture of Turner's mid and late transitional phases (e.g. center acts still as a reception area, but at the same time a major number of migrants settle directly in the periphery).... The town itself has a limited industrial development and hardly any municipal housing policy worth mentioning.... It is above all the demographic factor in combination with the town's morphology (a large colonial-type center, etc.) which in the case of Arequipa regulates the pattern of intra-urban migration."

Americas↗
PubMed1988

Immigration Act 1988, 10 May 1988.

This Act amends the Immigration Act 1971 to do the following, among other things: 1) remove from the 1971 Act the obligation of immigration rules to preserve the statutory rights of Commonwealth citizens settled in the UK as of 1 January 1973, and their wives and children, to enter and remain in the UK; 2) ensure that only one polygamous wife or widow of a polygamous marriage, who otherwise would have the right of abode in the UK because of marriage, has a right to enter as long as more than one such wife or widow is living; 3) restrict the right to appeal of a person refused leave to enter to those persons who have a certificate of entitlement to the right of abode or have been granted citizenship; 4) restrict the issues to be considered on appeal of a person who has been ordered deported after less than seven years in the UK, subsequent to legal entry, to liability to deportation, in effect removing consideration of all relevant circumstances; 5) provide that any appeal against a refusal to vary leave automatically expires if a deportation order is made; 6) make the offense of overstaying one's granted period of leave to enter a continuing offense so that the statute of limitations on the offense does not apply; 7) provide that persons with the right of freedom of movement in the European Community do not need leave to enter or remain in the UK; 8) provide for the immigration examination of passengers to take place prior to arrival in the UK; 9) provide that leave to enter for six months is deemed granted after an examination if notice for granting or refusing leave is not given within 24 hours; previously the leave was indefinite in time limit and was deemed granted after 12 hours; 10) extend from two months to indefinitely the time limits within which removal directions may be given for persons refused leave to enter; and 11) authorize employment and occupation restrictions to be placed on persons given temporary admission or released on bail. The Immigration (Restricted Right of Appeal Against Deportation) (Exemption) No. 2 Order 1988 (S.I. No. 1203) makes an exception to 4) above for persons claiming asylum.

Demography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stabilising the USSR's rural population through development of the social infrastructure.

This study is concerned with the problems caused by rural-urban migration in the USSR and with the policies that have been developed to deal with those problems. The author suggests that "the increase in the material prosperity of collective farmers since the Revolution, although a necessary condition for discouraging rural migration, has not in itself been sufficient to prevent the occurrence of rural manpower shortages. He points to the need for an all-round approach to improving conditions of life in the countryside, with due regard for cultural/utilitarian and socio-psychological factors, and suggests that the solution to the problem lies in agro-industrial integration, the improvement of public transport and the extension of the all-weather road network."

Demography↗