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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Therapeutic role of dietary fibre.

The current status of dietary fibre and fibre supplements in health and disease is reported, and the components of dietary fibre and its respective mechanical and metabolic effects with emphasis on its therapeutic potential are reviewed. Practical management guidelines are provided to help physicians encourage patients identified as having fibre deficiency to increase dietary fibre intake to the recommended level.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Brainstem infarct with pharyngeal dysmotility and paralyzed vocal cord: management with a multidisciplinary approach.

An unusual case of right posterior brainstem infarction with isolated deficits of severe dysphagia and ataxia is presented. Neurological examination revealed dysfunction of the pharyngeal and laryngeal branches of cranial nerves IX, X, and a paralyzed right vocal cord. The patient was unable to swallow 1/4 teaspoon of applesauce. Modified barium swallow revealed extremely sluggish pharyngeal peristalsis and absent swallowing reflex. Percutaneous esophageal gastrostomy tube was inserted and an intensive dysphagia rehabilitation program was initiated. Pharyngeal-phase-oriented protocol was used. Results were significantly improved compensatory pharyngeal and laryngeal function with restoration of swallowing and no aspiration. This case illustrates successful management of dysphagia associated with brainstem infarction and the benefits of a coordinated multidisciplinary protocol.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Nutritional management of diabetes.

The ideal therapeutic diet for diabetes mellitus is currently unknown; however, it continues as a cornerstone of treatment for this complex disease. Dietary guidelines dictate a prudent, healthy diet that is recommended for all healthy people, with or without diabetes. Individuals with diabetes are counseled according to their life-style demands and presence of complications. In fact, there may be as many diets for diabetes as people with diabetes, based on the many manifestations, presentations, and complications of diabetes mellitus. Nutrition research in diabetes is a viable pursuit and will continue to generate interest and further modifications until the cure for diabetes is found.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1993

[A computer program for assessing nutritional status and diet preparation].

This computer program has been written in a BASIC language and designed to assess the nutritional status by means of anthropometrical, immunological and clinical data. Additionally, it is useful for the design and elaboration of personalized diets. The use of this program will allow to work with a great amount of nutritional information, besides, it will outstandingly reduce work time and increase accuracy to diagnose specific nutritional problems. The data base of this program has been made on the basis of current nutritional information and it can be easily updated when necessary.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1993

An environmental intervention to reduce dietary fat in school lunches.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether making a low-fat entree available as one of two choices in an elementary school lunch program would reduce the fat content of meals selected by children. DESIGN: In this before-after trial, students had a daily choice between two entrees, one of which was sometimes low-fat. For 93% of school days during 14 consecutive school months, daily entree choices were recorded for 619,976 student meals. The fat content of entrees was assessed with a computerized nutrient database supplemented by food manufacturer's data. SETTING: Sixteen elementary schools in the Bellevue (Washington) School District. PARTICIPANTS: The number of students eating school lunch averaged 2440 per day, of whom 25% were less than 185% of poverty. INTERVENTION: After a baseline period of 6 months, the intervention increased the number of days per month when one of the two entrees had 30% or fewer calories from fat. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Data for the entire district were combined to estimate for each month the percent of students who selected low-fat entrees and the percent of calories from fat in the average meal selected by students. RESULTS: During the 6 months before the intervention, a low-fat entree was available on 23% of days; it was selected by 39% of students; and the average meal selected by students had 36% of calories from fat. By the end of the 8-month intervention, a low-fat option was available on 71% of days; it was selected by 29% of students; and the fat content of the average meal dropped from 36% to 30% of calories from fat (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: In this school district, many students, given the choice, selected low-fat entrees. Recommendations for dietary fat were met simply by the environmental intervention of increasing the availability of low-fat foods.

Child↗
PubMed1993

[A clinical trial on the efficacy of an alternative diet in obese patients].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a diet based on dietary advice in treating obesity. DESIGN: Random clinical investigation of two groups of obese people. SETTING: Two health centres in the city of Huelva. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We randomly assigned two types of diet, one consisting of dietary advice (A) and the other consisting of low calorie daily menus (B). These were followed for a period of 2 months. At the end of the period we administered a questionnaire on the difficulties in adhering to the diet. 88.4% of those on diet A lost weight, compared with 55.5% of those on diet B (p < 0.025). There were mean decreases in cholesterol and triglyceride levels with diet A of 12.37 +/- 12 and 22.1 +/- 18 mg/dl respectively. In the case of diet B, there were increases of these levels of 8.4 +/- 13 and 2.09 +/- 14 mg/dl respectively (p < 0.05). Of those who followed diet A, 16.7% said they experienced difficulty in keeping to it, while 45.4% of those on diet B said they experienced such difficulty (p < 0.025). Altogether, 29.16% of those who followed diet B (p < 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: With the diet based on nutritional advice a larger number of the subjects lost weight, felt less hungry hunger; this diet is easier to keep to, and produces a significant decrease in cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Phenylketonuria: plasma phenylalanine responses to different distributions of the daily phenylalanine allowance over the day.

OBJECTIVE: To achieve smooth control of plasma phenylalanine concentrations in phenylketonuric patients, it is advocated to divide the daily intake of natural protein and amino acid supplements equally over the meals. However, this may be quite an encumbrance for the patient. We, therefore, investigated whether a breakfast with an unequal daily distribution results in an undue rise in the plasma phenylalanine concentration. DESIGN: Plasma phenylalanine concentrations were measured in seven patients with phenylketonuria in response to three tests with breakfast and lunch, representing an equally or unequally divided daily distribution of the individually tailored phenylalanine intake. Breakfast contained 25%, 50%, or 75%, whereas lunch contained 30% or 10% of the individual daily phenylalanine allowance, respectively. RESULTS: Plasma phenylalanine concentrations showed postprandial increases of up to 26% above baseline. Generally, phenylalanine returned to baseline during the test and remained within the target range if baseline phenylalanine was within that range. Two patients having values in the upper target range showed a rise just above the target range for 60 minutes on an unequal daily distribution of phenylalanine. In another patient treated similarly, plasma phenylalanine did not return to baseline during the test. CONCLUSIONS: Unequal distributions of the daily phenylalanine allowance are justified, provided that the patient is in good clinical condition, adjusted to the diet adequately, and the daily allowance is not exceeded. At this time, however, we cannot recommend this unequal daily distribution for daily practice.

Adolescent↗