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PubMed2005

Evaluation of meat meal, chicken meal, and corn gluten meal as dietary sources of protein in dry cat food.

The nutritional value of meat meal (MM), chicken meal (CM), and corn gluten meal (CGM) as dietary sources of protein in dry food formulated for adult cats was evaluated. Twelve healthy adult cats (11 males and 1 female) were used. Dry diets containing MM, CM, or CGM as the main protein source were given for a 3-week period in a 3 x 3 Latin-square design. Digestion and balance experiments were conducted during the last 7 d of each period. In addition, freshly voided urine was taken to determine urinary pH and number of struvite crystals. As compared with the CM diet, dry-matter digestibility was higher and lower for the MM and CGM groups, respectively. Percentages of nitrogen (N) absorption and N retention to N intake were higher in the MM group, and N utilization was not different between the CM group and the CGM group. All cats excreted alkaline urine (pH > 7). Urinary pH, struvite activity product, and number of struvite crystals in urine were lower for the CGM group. There was no difference in retention of calcium and magnesium among the groups. From the point of view of digestibility and N utilization, MM is superior to CGM, and CM is better than or equivalent to CGM as a protein source of dry foods for adult cats. However, when CM is used as a dietary protein source, some manipulation of dietary base excess may be needed to control urinary acid-base balance, because CM contains higher calcium and phosphorus.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1991

Staged ESWL monotherapy of complete renal staghorn calculi.

A retrospective study was done on 64 patients who received staged extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) monotherapy for complete renal staghorn calculi. We used laboratory-proven stone components and a regular postoperative follow-up for a minimum of 6 months. There were 46 women and 18 men. The ages ranged from 19 to 75 years (mean 48.5 years). The number of ESWL sessions ranged from 1 to 4, with a mean of 2.1 sessions. The mean cumulative hospital stay was 13.3 days (range: 6-26 days). Successful treatments were defined as debulking over 90% of the stone burden and residual fragments of less than 3 mm in the longest diameter without obstruction 6 months post-treatment. A success rate of 86% was achieved in patients who had normal or minimal hydrocalycosis and only a 14.3% success rate for the patients with moderate to severe hydrocalycosis (p less than 0.005). Five of the patients with radiant calcium oxalate monohydrate had an unfavorable outcome. The best results were observed in the patient group of magnesium ammonium phosphate/apatite with normal to minimal hydrocalycosis (94.4% successful). The stone-free rate in this series was 51.6% at 6 months posttreatment. Being the least invasive, staged ESWL monotherapy is one of the better alternatives for the treatment of complete renal staghorn calculi in a select patient group.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of magnesium in foods by single-sweep polarography.

In KOH, the Mg(II)-bromopyrogallol red (BPR) complex produced a very sensitive polarographic wave at -1.30 V. The wave height was linear with the concentration of Mg(II) in the range of 0.05 to 2 microg/mL. The detection limit was 0.01 microg/mL. The electrochemical behavior of Mg(II)-BPR was studied by electrochemical and spectrophotometric methods. Experiments proved that the polarographic wave of Mg(II)-BPR was due to the reduction of BPR in the Mg(II)-BPR complex. The method, which was sensitive, selective, and simple to perform, was used to determine magnesium in foods, and the results were consistent with those obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Chemistry Techniques, Analytical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antepartum/postpartum depressive symptoms and serum zinc and magnesium levels.

In the present study, we investigated the relationship between depressive symptoms and serum zinc and magnesium level in antepartum and postpartum women. All women received standard vitamin, zinc and magnesium supplementation. Sixty-six pregnant women in the Czerwiakowski Hospital in Kraków were assessed for prepartum depressive symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Sixty-two and fifty-eight women were also assessed for postpartum depressive symptoms (using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Rating Scale, EPDRS) at 3 and 30 days after delivery, respectively. Serum zinc and magnesium levels were also determined at these time points, however, the number of examined subjects were diminished. A significantly higher EPDRS score (by 45%), indicating severity of depressive symptoms, was found on the 3rd day after childbirth compared with the 30th postpartum day. Moreover, the early post-delivery period (3rd day) was characterized by a 24% lower serum zinc concentration than that found on the 30th day after childbirth. BDI scores assessed a month before childbirth revealed mild depressive symptoms, which was accompanied by a serum zinc concentration similar to that found on the 3rd day after delivery. No significant alterations were found in the magnesium levels between these time points. The present results demonstrated a relationship between severity of depressive symptoms and decreased serum zinc (but not magnesium) concentration in a very specific type of affective disorder, the postpartum depression.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Experimental study on magnesium phosphate cement in fracture treatment].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) to fix fractures. METHODS: In vitro: fifty-four pairs of fresh pig femoral heads were made 1 cm2 fracture and divided into 6 groups (n=9 pairs ). MPC was used to agglutinate fracture of femoral heads at 100% humidity and at 25 degrees C, 37 degrees C respectively. At 30 minutes, 2 and 24 hours after agglutination, the biomechanical strength was measured. In vivo: the tibia plateau fracture models on both sides of 24 rabbits were made, one side was fixed with "L" shaped plate, and the other side was fixed with MPC. Then the effect of treatment was investigated by macrography, micrography, radiography and the In vitro: the adhesive ability of changes of serum electrolyte levels at 3 days, 3, 6 and 9 weeks after operation. RESULTS: MPC was strong. At 24 hours after MPC agglutination, the average tensile strength was 117.16 +/- 23.29 N/cm2. In vivo: after 6 weeks of fixation, the X-ray results showed that all rabbits' tibia plateau fractures were healed without displacement, and MPC was absorbed gradually. The changes of serum electrolyte levels were very minimal. The macrography observation showed that reduction of fracture were good at 3 days after operation, partial MPC remained in fracture end at 3 weeks, fracture line disappeared at 6 weeks and good remodeling was achieved at 9 weeks after operation in the experimental group. The micrography observation showed that the interface between bone and MPC was distinct at 3 days, MPC was degraded gradually and trabeculae began to grow into MPC at 3 weeks, and almost all MPC was degraded at 6 and 9 weeks of operation. CONCLUSION: MPC is a promising biomaterial, and might potentially be used for fracture treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Ureaplasma urealyticum as a causative organism of urinary tract infection stones.

Ureaplasma urealyticum is a fastidious organism which is not recovered by conventional bacterial cultures techniques, but special cultures are required for its isolation and identification. As it is a urease-producing organism, it is considered a risk factor for the formation of struvite calculi in the urinary tract. A total of 30 patients with urinary infection stones (19 of them with the 1st formation and 11 with recurrent stone formation) were included in the study. Both bladder urine specimen (cystoscopically obtained) and stones removed were subjected to conventional cultures and also to Ureaplasma specific cultures (A7 agar and U9 broth). The results of culture techniques revealed that 86.7% of patients had aerobic organisms (E. coli in 46.7%, Klebsiella in 30%, Proteus in 6.7% and Pseudomonas in 3.3%) and 26.7% showed U. urealyticum in mid stream urine. As regards stone cultures, they revealed aerobic organisms in 76.7%, and U. urealyticum in 20%. Sensitivity tests for U. urealyticum showed that minocycline was the most effective antimicrobial followed by tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. From these data, we conclude that U. urealyticum may be the causative organism for infection stone and should be searched for via its specific cultures, especially in patients with recurrent stones and with the so-called sterile pyuria.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Long ureteral ammonium-magnesium phosphate (struvite) and calcium phospho-carbonate calculi].

The authors report about 12 cases of long ureteral calculi, 16 to 39 mm in size, observed over 10 years. They were all made of a mixture of ammonium-magnesium phosphate and calcium phosphocarbonate. Infection was the revealing symptom, either in the form of simple bacteriuria or as acute pyelonephritis or sepsis. These calculi, found in a lumbar or pelvic location, were very long, radiopaque but with a moderate radiological density, homogeneous and have regular contours. They were straight, sometimes slightly bent, rarely (one case out of 12) arciform. In 11 of 12 cases, the affected patient was female. In most cases, the urine was infected by Proteus mirabilis. In spite of their size, the calculi caused total obstruction in 3 of 12 cases only. They were or were not associated to ipsilateral coral calculi of the same chemical type. Destruction was easily achieved with physical agents. The etiological, radiological and therapeutic characteristics of these calculi give them a specific place among ammonium-magnesium phosphate calculi.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Corynebacterium D2 as a ureolytic organism: report of 5 cases].

Corynebacterium D2, a saprophytic microorganism of skin, causes alkaline encrusted cystitis in patients with a previous bladder injury. In 5 patients that had presented this nosological entity, these gram-positive rods were isolated in urine cultures and calculi. Four patients had undergone urological instrumentation maneuvers and one patient (female) had a history of recurrent cystitis from gram-negative bacteria. Corynebacterium D2 grows slowly and under certain conditions, as those described above, must be considered pathological despite counts of less than 100,000/ufc-cc. It is ureolytic and highly resistant to antibiotics. The synergistic effects of antimicrobials, acetohydroxamic acid and transurethral resection of the lithiasic plaques achieve satisfactory treatment of alkaline encrusted cystitis from Corynebacterium D2.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Influence of ageing, pH and various additives on crystal formation in artificial urine.

In order to investigate the effect of various factors on urinary crystallization processes, a series of five experiments was carried out using an artificial urine (AU) in a rotary evaporator. The influence of ageing, pH and organic, inorganic and potential inhibitory additives formed the basis of the study. Precipitates were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. In the ageing experiment, AU aliquots, adjusted to various pH values, were allowed to stand for several days and were not evaporated. Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) was formed at low pH, while whitlockite, apatite and struvite occurred at pH greater than 7. In the second experiment, AU aliquots at various pH values, were evaporated. Similar results to those of series 1 were recorded but, in addition, calcium oxalate trihydrate (COT) precipitated in the pH range 3 to 6.5 and brushite at pH greater than 5.5. In series 3, uric acid, creatinine and urea were included in AU aliquots (pH 5.5) which were subjected to evaporation. Uric acid promoted the formation of uric acid dihydrate; however, when present with creatinine, dihydrate formation was inhibited. Urea appeared to inhibit precipitation. In the fourth experiment, MgO, methylene blue and chondroitin sulphate A were independently included in the AU (pH 5.5). Precipitates of calcium oxalate mono-, di- and trihydrates were obtained. In the final experiment fluoride aliquots of variable concentrations were included in the AU (pH 5.5 and 6.5). COT crystals of superior quality to those observed in control solutions were obtained.

Calcium Oxalate↗
PubMed1990

Characterization of an aggregated polymer from Penicillium sp. (PB-73 strain).

1. We describe a polymeric form of magnesium ammonium phosphate associated with linoleic acid and a basic protein produced by Penicillium sp (strain PB-73). 2. Chemical and physical data suggest a structure characterized as an aggregated polymeric form of protein magnesium ammonium phospholinoleate anhydride. 3. The aggregated polymer has an approximate molecular weight of 316 kDa and a phosphate/magnesium ratio of 2.34.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1990

[Should fragments of stone expelled after extracorporeal lithotripsy always be analyzed?].

The morphological and constitutional analysis of renal stone fragments expelled after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy enables the structure and morphological type of stones to be reconstructed in 92.8 per cent of the cases as regards surface and section and in 74.5 per cent of the cases down to the core. A study of the molecular and crystalline composition of such fragments demonstrated the preponderance of whewellite in both sexes (men 85.4 per cent; women 72.4 per cent). The frequency of weddellite was 1.6 times higher in men (73.8 per cent) than in women (44.8 per cent), and the frequencies of struvite and ammonium urate were 2.8 and 2.6 times respectively higher in women than in men, despite a significant fall in frequency as compared to a previous series. Correlations between morphological type of stone and biochemical data (when available) could be established in 84 per cent of the cases. This made it possible to initiate treatments aimed at preventing recurrences, the cost of these treatments in the long term being lower than that of the curative urological treatments, including extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The dose rate effects on the in vitro radiolysis products of magnesium-guanosine-5'-monophosphate complexes in aqueous solutions.

This study examined the effects on the radiolysis of magnesium-guanosine-5'-monophosphate complexes in deaerated aqueous solutions, investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. It was found that when the system was irradiated with a dose rate of 500 rad/min (low dose rate), the OH radicals, H atoms and hydrated electrons (eaq-) produced from radiolysis of water reacted mainly by addition to the double bonds C4 = C5 and N7 = C8 of guanine. When the dose rate was 23,800 rad/min (high dose rate) the electrons reacted further with the complex by addition to the carbonyl group, C6 = O, of guanine.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1990

Magnesium perchlorate and cis-platinum as radiosensitizers in in vitro radiolysis of nucleotides.

The mechanism of the gamma-radiolysis of the nucleotide guanosine-5'-monophosphate (5'-GMP) in the presence of Mg++ ions and cis-platinum was investigated. From high performance liquid chromatography and spectroscopy studies it was found that the OH radicals, produced in irradiated aqueous solutions, reacted with 5'-GMP by addition to the double bonds and that Mg++ as well as cis-Pt sensitized the nucleotide to radiation damage. Furthermore, an important finding was the fact that when the irradiation took place in aerated solutions, the Mg++ ions, contrary to cis-Pt, did not seem to have any effect on the decomposition yield G(-5'-GMP). This result together with the sensitization (100% increase) observed in deaerated solutions led to the conclusion that irradiation in the presence of Mg++ may result in a more effective gamma-radiation therapy for tumours.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1990

Structure and composition of canine urinary calculi.

The chemical constituents of 171 specimens of canine urinary calculi have been analysed by infrared spectroscopy. The analysis revealed that 46 per cent of the total contained struvite as the major component; 26 per cent contained cystine; 16 per cent were found to be composed of whewellite and, or, weddellite; 8 per cent of urates; 3 per cent of calcium phosphate (apatite and, or, brushite) and 1 per cent of silica. A series of selected samples was also studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). This examination revealed structures similar to human stones. Potassium and complex urates containing two or more cations were commonly found in many areas of ammonium urate and sodium urate calculi. Moreover, EDAX analysis detected a calcium enriched urate in several zones of urate calculi.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of the results of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for solitary upper urinary tract stone].

At Osaka City University Hospital, we performed extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for 1277 patients in a total of 1788 sessions using Dornier kidney lithotripter Model HM III from July, 1985 to the end of December, 1988. Among the patients with a solitary stone, 911 cases were available for the follow-up study and we have compared the results among these cases in respect to the stone location and size. The results obtained were as follows: the ratio of kidney stone to ureter stone was found to be 2.2:1 in male, and 3.8:1 in female patients. This indicates that ureter stones are more frequently found in male than in female patients. In addition, we compared the size of kidney stones found in the patients including 415 male and 243 female patients. Stones larger than 20 mm were more frequently found in female than in male patients. Moreover, a stone composition study of these patients showed that the contents of both phosphate calcium and magnesium ammonium phosphate were higher in female than in male patients. ESWL performed against stones at pelvis and calyces exhibited the best results. The results obtained with the stones less than 20 mm in diameter were especially favorable with a success rate of 100% for the stones less than 10 mm and 83% for the stones 10-20 mm, in diameter, while the results with the stones larger than 20 mm in diameter were rather poor with a success rate of 31%. ESWL performed against ureter stones showed poor results with a success rate of 63% for the stones smaller than 20 mm in diameter.

Calcium Phosphates↗
PubMed1990

Medical dissolution of feline struvite urocystoliths.

The efficacy of a diet designed to facilitate dissolution of feline magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) uroliths was evaluated in 30 cases of urolithiasis, sterile struvite uroliths dissolved in a mean of 36 days after initiation of dietary treatment. In 5 cases of urolithiasis, struvite urocystoliths associated with urease-negative bacterial urinary tract infection dissolved in a mean of 23 days after initiation of dietary and antimicrobial treatment. In 3 cases of urolithiasis, struvite urocystoliths associated with urease-positive staphylococcal urinary tract infection dissolved in a mean of 79 days after initiation of dietary and antimicrobial treatment. Dissolution of uroliths in cats fed the treatment diet was associated with concomitant remission of dysuria, hematuria, and pyuria, and reduction in urine pH and struvite crystalluria. In one case, a urocystolith composed of 100% ammonium urate, and in another case, a urolith composed of 60% calcium phosphate, 20% calcium oxalate, and 20% magnesium ammonium phosphate did not dissolve.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1979

[Fibre interaction with red blood cells or alveolar macrophages "in vitro" (author's transl)].

Haemolytic activities and effects on alveolar macrophages (AM) of various fibres were studied. UICC asbestos fibres and attapulgites either untreated or acid-leached were used. Amphiboles and commercial attapulgites were both cytotoxic on AM, but attapulgites and chrysotile were only haemolytic. Chrysotile fibres induced a release of B galactosidase; when acid treated these fibres were cytotoxic and less haemolytic. Acid treated amphiboles were more haemolytic than untreated.

Asbestos↗