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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Antitumor activity, mitogenicity, and lethal toxicity of chemically synthesized monosaccharide analogs of lipid A.

Antitumor activity of three derivatives of chemically synthesized diacyloxyacylglucosamine-4-phosphate (acyl-GlcN-4P) linked 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid (KDO) and 12 derivatives of acyl-GlcN-4P or acyloxyacylglucosamine-6-phosphate (acyl-GlcN-6P) with chiral acyloxyacyl groups at the C-2 and C-3 positions was examined. Ehrlich carcinoma cells (1 x 10(4] were inoculated i.p. into ddY mice on day 0, and these compounds (100 micrograms/d/mouse) were administered i.p. on days -5, -2, +1, +3, and +5. Although the antitumor activity of the acyl-GlcN-4P linked KDO was weaker than that of the natural lipopolysaccharide, groups of mice administered A-301 with di-3-hexadecanoyloxytetradecanoyl [(R)C14-O-C16] at C-2, -3, and A-303 with di-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl [(R)C14-O-C14] showed longer mean survival times than the control group. However, KDO-attachment appeared not to enhance the antitumor activity of acyl-GlcN-4P. The group of mice administered acyl-GlcN-4P (A-145) or acyl-GlcN-6P (A-144 and A-146), which have an acyloxyacyl group at C-2, -3, showed prolonged survival times when compared to the control group, but the differences were not significant. On the other hand, when compound A-107 with [(S)C14-O-C14] at the C-2 position and 6-phosphate was administered to 5 mice, 3 mice survived for 25 d. Furthermore, mitogenicity for splenocytes of C57BL/6 mice and lethal toxicity in C57BL/6 mice sensitized with D-galactosamine were observed with the acyl-GlcN-4P or -6P derivatives with (R) or (S) isomers of fatty acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Analysis of linkage monosaccharides in human teratocarcinoma cell glycopeptides: paper chromatographic separation of N-acetylglucosaminitol and N-acetylgalactosaminitol.

Simultaneous separation of N-acetylglucosaminitol, N-acetylgalactosaminitol, N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine from each other was achieved by paper chromatography. The method, which is suitable for analysis of radioactively labeled glycopeptides, allowed identification of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine as the linkage sugars in specific glycopeptide fractions isolated from human teratocarcinoma cells of line PA 1.

Acetylgalactosamine↗
PubMed1995

Immunoregulatory effects of a synthetic monosaccharide.

Investigative attempts to identify novel therapy for inflammatory connective tissue diseases continue to evolve. Amiprilose hydrochloride (amiprilose HCl) is a synthetic carbohydrate shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in animal models of inflammatory arthritis and in a multicenter clinical trial. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is an important mediator of immune regulation, inflammation and joint destruction in arthritis. In the present study, the effects of amiprilose HCl on IL-1 activity, production and receptor distribution were investigated. Drug effects on IL-2 production and receptor distribution on lymphocytes were also explored. Potential regulation of IL-1 activity was determined by monitoring the effects of amiprilose HCl on IL-1 stimulated proliferation of murine thymocytes and human synovial cells. Inhibitory effects on IL-1 beta and IL-2 production by stimulated human peripheral blood monocytes were measured by ELISA and lymphocyte IL-1 beta and IL-2 receptor distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry. The results from in vitro studies demonstrated that low concentrations of amiprilose HCl (1-100 micrograms/ml) stimulated thymocyte proliferation and enhanced the proliferative response of IL-1 stimulated human synovial fibroblasts. IL-1 beta production in cultures of human peripheral blood monocytes was significantly decreased after exposure of the cultures to varying doses of amiprilose HCl as determined by ELISA. Exposure of mitogen activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes to amiprilose HCl resulted in decreased IL-2 production at high concentrations of drug as compared to control. However, at doses of amiprilose HCl previously found to stimulate thymocyte proliferation (1-10 micrograms/ml), increased levels of culture supernatant IL-2 were observed. No amiprilose HCl mediated changes in lymphocyte IL-1 beta or IL-2 receptor expression were observed. The regulatory effects of amiprilose HCl on cytokines support the potential of this drug as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1990

Antitumor activity against Meth A fibrosarcoma and biologic activities of synthetic monosaccharide analogs of lipid A in mice.

Antitumor activity, mitogenicity, and lethal toxicity of chemically synthesized lipid A analogs, acylglucosamine-4- or -6-phosphate with the alpha, beta-hydroxyacyl, acyloxyacyl, or hydroxyacyloxacyl groups at the C-2 and C-3 positions, were examined. Meth A fibrosarcoma cells (5 X 10(5)) were inoculated subcutaneously into BALB/c mice on day 0, and six compounds (50 micrograms/mouse) were administered intravenously on days 7 and 9. Although the antitumor activity of these compounds was weaker than that of natural lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or the synthetic lipid A analog (506) of Escherichia sp type, all groups exhibited tumor inhibition rates of 40% to 50% and delayed tumor growth. Six compounds, with the exception of compound A-173 (with the hydroxytetranoyl group at the C-2 and C-3 positions), were capable of increasing the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into cultured splenocytes of C57BL/6 mice, and caused lethal toxicity in C57BL/6 mice sensitized with galactosamine. However, these compounds had lower toxicity than bacterial LPS (about 500- to 1,000-fold). Compounds A-172 and A-174, which have the same structure except for the C-4 or C-6 position of the phosphate group, exerted similar antitumor activity, mitogenicity, and lethality. The results discussed above indicate that the biologic activity of these compounds correlates with the carbon number of fatty acid but is not affected by the different location of the phosphate group. Furthermore, it seems that the difference between the alpha, beta-hydroxy position of fatty acid and the R or S configuration does not alter the biologic effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Transport of monosaccharides in model systems: inhibition of sugar transport in frog muscle fibers, treated with glutaraldehyde].

The entry of D-xylose, a permeable non-metabolizing glucose analog, in the frog muscle fibers was examined. The sugar transport system activity was established in the frog muscle fibers treated by 0.3% glutaraldehyde. The basal transport as well as insulin activated D-xylose transport was seen preserved. Sugar transport inhibitors, phlorizin, phloretin and cytochalasine B reduce the rate of D-xylose transport in this "glutar model" of a muscle fiber. A long treatment by glutaraldehyde (3.5 hours at 4 degrees C, and 1 hour at 20 degrees C) leads to a 40% decline in the entry rate of D-xylose.

Aldehydes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of papaverine on monosaccharide and glycine transport in the small intestine in vitro].

Papaverin is shown to have a significant inhibitory effect on the intestinal transport systems for glucose, galactose and glycine but not for fructose. In vitro experiments have revealed that the inhibitory effect of papaverin on the glucose transport take place under mucosal application, nevertheless the serosal one is of a stimulatory character. Papaverin inhibits only the active component of the glucose transport.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Radiolabelling patterns in alginate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa synthesized from specifically-labelled 14C-monosaccharide precursors.

Incorporations of radioactivity in alginate from specifically-radiolabelled glucose molecules by a parental strain and a gluconate-negative mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were compared. The gluconate-negative mutant, which was deficient in the Entner Doudoroff pathway enzymes, produced less alginate than did the parental strain. The ratio of incorporation of radiolabel from [6-14C] versus [1-14C] glucose was 9.7:1 in the parental strain, implying that the carbon skeleton is catabolised via the Entner Doudoroff pathway. In comparison, a ratio of 1.5:1 was obtained for the mutant. Analysis of the alginate produced after growth on [6-14C] glucose showed that in both strains less radiolabel was present in carbon-6 of the constituent uronic acids than would be predicted (parental strain 8.4% and mutant 38.3% of the expected values). These results imply that TCA cycle intermediates are probably the major precursors of alginate in P. aeruginosa.

Alginates↗