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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Predictors of students' success in the Air Force School of Health Care Sciences.

This study assessed the predictors for students' success in the 882d Training Group's (Air Force School of Health Care Sciences) allied health courses at Sheppard Air Force Base, Texas. Correlation and regression analyses provided many predictors of students' success. From these predictors, the researchers ascertained demarcation points to provide direction for instructors and students. Using these parameters, proactive intervention by instructors, students, and the Student Learning Center will improve the success of allied health students. Further research conducted by the 882d Training Group in evaluating predictors of success will yield a seamless evaluation process. This process will establish an improved proactive educational system enhancing the career field selection process and the quality of students' education, as well as decrease costs.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1999

Surgical interventions at field hospitals during the Iran and Iraq War (1980-1987).

Surgical treatment of wounded soldiers in the field began in World War II, and the care of the wounded was aided by air, ground, and marine transportation. Even with highly developed facilities, medical care should be started as soon as possible. The Islamic Republic of Iran was under an economic blockade during its war with Iraq. Field hospitals were considered a solution to the problem of transportation shortages. The aim of this study was to assess the surgical interventions of these hospitals. In a descriptive cross-sectional study, data for 7,718 patients admitted to field hospitals (among a total of 173,823 casualties) were analyzed. A checklist was used as the data-collection tool. The data were entered and analyzed by the Statistical Program for the Social Sciences. The type of surgical intervention, duration of the surgery, and frequency of the interventions in each hospital were examined. Laparotomy was the most common and tracheostomy the least common intervention. Shahid Baghaei Field Hospital had the greatest number of admissions. Of all the patients in the Southern Command District who underwent any kind of surgery, 21.53% were operated on in the complex of field hospitals. The surgery time in these hospitals was 156 +/- 69 minutes (mean +/- SD). A great number of the procedures were lifesaving (including laparotomy and chest tube insertion). It seems that these hospitals played a key role in reducing mortality and morbidity during the war.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1995

Traumatic vertebral artery occlusion in an aviator: case report and update on diagnostic technologies.

Traumatic vertebral artery injuries are relatively rare. Until recently, insufficient neurodiagnostic technology and a lack of normative data for the population of USAF aviators prevented recommending flying waivers following such vascular injuries. We report the case of an aviator who experienced a traumatic right vertebral artery occlusion with distal embolization. Timely access to a state-of-the-art neurodiagnostic evaluation, which included time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and standard contrast angiography, provided anatomic imaging at the time of injury and during the recuperative period. Sophisticated neurologic testing protocols at the Armstrong Laboratory's Aeromedical Clinical Sciences Division, Brooks Air Force Base, TX, assessed in-depth this individual's functional status. Consult Service evaluators then compared his performance data with current data in the Head Injury Study in Aviators (HISA) data base. MRA, in comparison with standard contrast angiography, demonstrated anatomic stability of his vascular and neurologic lesions. He demonstrated a functional capacity consistent with normal neurologic functioning in aviators which permitted recommending an occupational (flying) waiver. This case exemplified application of sophisticated ACS neurologic testing protocols to aeromedical evaluations and the use of MRA technology as a vascular screening tool during medical followup.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Short-term demographic fluctuations in the Croatian military border, 1830-1847: a contribution to historical demography].

"Crude birth, death and marriage rates are examined for [Austria's] Croatian military defence zone and 'cordon sanitaire' against Turkey for the period 1830-1847.... The data suggest that between about one and four fifths of the variance in long term swings and in annual fluctuations from the moving averages of birth, death, and nuptiality rates can be explained by a combination of linear trend over time, an epidemic year, and primarily three economic indicators: grain lagged by one year, grain in the report year (perhaps as a proxy for other plant production), and livestock in the report year." (summary in ENG)

Agriculture↗
PubMed1999

Information needs of naval primary care providers and patients at sea.

OBJECTIVE: To optimally practice medicine, and to live healthy lives, providers and patients need convenient access to authoritative information. The goal of this study was to determine the information needs of naval primary care providers and patients at sea to aid development of a digital health sciences library for naval primary care providers and patients. METHOD: A literature-based needs assessment was conducted from articles identified using MEDLINE searching and U.S. Navy health care information sources. Recurring medical problems/diseases/topics were identified and categorized. RESULTS: Eighty-one articles and books were reviewed and abstracted, representing a broad base of naval medicine. Twenty-one medical and surgical theme areas and 125 medical problems/diseases/topics were recurrently identified. CONCLUSIONS: The common naval medical problems identified are nearly identical to the common medical problems in the general population, have changed little from the 18th century, and were consistent with first-hand information from naval primary care providers.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed1998

The first four years of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Graduate School of Nursing.

The Graduate School of Nursing (GSN) was established at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in 1993 to prepare advanced practice nurses, namely family nurse practitioners (FNPs) and nurse anesthetists (CRNAs), for the uniformed services. A study of needs for nurses in the uniformed services in these specialties indicated that by the year 2000 there would be a need requiring a total enrollment in educational programs of 268 CRNAs and 100 FNPs over a 5-year period. Offering the master of science in nursing degree, the GSN has enrolled 61 students in its two programs, and by the end of the 1997 academic year, it will have graduated 19 FNPs and 19 CRNAs. The GSN was authorized by the Department of Defense, Office of Health Affairs, in February 1996. Federal nursing chiefs serve as advisors to the GSN. The GSN received full accreditation from the Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthesia Educational Programs in 1994 and from the National League for Nursing in December 1996. All students who have graduated have successfully passed their certification examinations. Supplementing other educational resources, the GSN is helping to meet the educational needs of the uniformed nursing services by introducing pilot programs specifically designed to meet these needs.

Accreditation↗
PubMed2004

DARPA on your mind.

Applied science may once again play a decisive role in changing the face of armed conflict, and the rest of human affairs, by shifting the battlefield to our very brains. The national-security establishment--and particularly the Pentagon's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)--supports research at the intersection of neuroscience and national security that could ultimately enable authorities to do things like enhance (or muddle, or erase) memory, monitor crowds for individuals whose brain patterns correlate with aggressive behaviors, or control weapons from afar merely with thoughts. What are the dangers of such information falling into "the wrong hands," and are there any "right hands" for this kind of knowledge? Is any extension of human abilities justified by the need for government to protect its society?

Behavior Control↗
PubMed2005

The story of the Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense's North American activities (1958-1970).

Of the 48 nutrition surveys conducted by the ICNND/Office of International Research/CDC Nutrition Programs during the years 1956-1970, 20 were performed in North America. Native Americans were surveyed in Alaska in 1958 and in Montana in 1961. In partnership with INCAP (Institute for Central America and Panama), six Central American countries were surveyed in 1965 through 1967. As mandated by Congress, 10 American states and one major city were surveyed during 1968-1970. Civilian and some military populations were included in these surveys. Teams of health, agriculture, and nutrition specialists drawn from academic institutions and from national and international agencies conducted each survey. We followed the methodology, standards, and definitions developed by ICNND in its Manual for Nutrition Surveys. Detailed findings, results and recommendations were published in a series of reports printed by the U.S. Government Printing Office. All 20 of the North American surveys found similar groups at risk of nutrition problems, including dental caries, goiter, growth retardation, female obesity, and "low" levels of hemoglobin, vitamin A, thiamin, and riboflavin. Survey recommendations followed common themes: nutrition education, nutrient fortification of food or water, expanded supplemental food programs, provision of safe water supplies, proper sanitation and food safety, and enhanced nutrient content of basic foods.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

[Vilnius Medical Association: the first half-century (1805-1850)].

Vilnius Medical Association, oldest scientific medical association in Poland and in the Russian Empire, was founded for the purposes of self-development in 1805 on the initiative of an Austrian professor of pathology and detailed therapy, Józef Frank (1771-1842). From its beginnings, the association acted for the good of society and science, independently of political conditions and with varying intensity. Apart from doctors, it also included pharmacists who contributed towards raising the standard of pharmacy in Lithuania. The first half-century of its existence constitutes the most fruitful period of activity as it was supported by professors of the then Medical Department of Vilnius University. At that time the Association established its regulations, founded the Library, and published "Pamietnik Wileńskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego" (Journal of Vilnius Medical Association, 1818 and 1821), "Pamietnik Farmaceutyczny" (Pharmaceutical Journal, 1820 and 1821), "Dziennik Medycyny Chirurgii i Farmacji" (Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, 1820, 1823, and 1830), as well as "Collectanea Medico Chirurgica", 1838. It also began gathering and analysing data for medical statistics, as well as developing Polish medical and chemical nomenclature. The Association re-organised shipments of medicines from pharmacies. It endeavoured to raise the standard of medical knowledge in the Vilnius area, combated epidemics of plague, cholera, scarlet fever, smallpox, typhus, diphteria, dysentery and monitored occurrences of plica. It also established the first Institute of Vaccination against Smallpox in Vilnius (1809); carried out scientific research on health resorts at Druskienniki, Birsztany and Stokliszki; promoted hygiene and examined the health of the inhabitants of Vilnius and the surrounding area as well as endorsed authority decisions related to the location of temporary military hospitals. At its meetings, members of the Association discussed their own medical cases as well as methods of treatment, presented the most recent reports in the medical literature, combated obsolete theories and scientific systems and established cooperation with other scientific associations in the country as well as abroad. World famous scientists were also members of the Vilnius Medical Association.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1992

A study of organizational commitment and job satisfaction among Air Force occupational therapy officers.

The purpose of this study is to describe the levels of organizational commitment and job satisfaction found in Air Force occupational therapy officers assigned to the Biomedical Sciences Corps. A questionnaire was mailed to 27 eligible active duty Air Force occupational therapy officers. Of the 23 surveys returned, 22 were usable, an 82% response rate. The occupational therapy officer's demographic characteristics are detailed for all officers and then by company and field grade respondents. Results indicate that these officers have moderately high levels of organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Analyses of the results suggest that field grade officers express more organizational commitment than company grade officers. Both company grade and field grade officers display the same level of job satisfaction. Upon closer scrutiny, though, company grade officers are found to be more satisfied with promotions and rewards gained from their jobs. Field grade officers express higher levels of satisfaction with pay, supervision, and relationship with coworkers.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Air Force School of Health Care Science's quality of life study.

This was an empirically based assessment of non-prior service students' quality of life in the Air Force's School of Health Care Sciences. Analysis provided five results: (1) The overall quality of life at the school was good. (2) The variables accounting for student unhappiness were dormitory unsuitability and the students not being in their top-three career choices. (3) Structural changes were required at the dormitories. (4) The desire to succeed and how to achieve that success were the most important interests for students. (5) Loved ones and student independence were the greatest indicators of motivation. The findings resulted in three immediate corrections and two long-term recommendations to improve students' quality of life. The two long-term recommendations were to have an educational psychologist intervene when students are having significant learning problems, and to alter the selection process for recruiting. Both immediate corrections and long-term recommendations are useful for sister services.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed2004

New concepts and technologies in home care and ambulatory monitoring.

The world is becoming more and more health conscious. Society, health policy and patients' needs are all changing dramatically. The challenges society is currently facing are related to the increase in the aging population, changes in lifestyle, the need for healthcare cost containment and the need for improvement and monitoring of healthcare quality. The emphasis is put on prevention rather than on treatment. In addition, patients and health consumers are waiting for non-invasive or minimally-invasive diagnosis and treatment methods, for home care, short stays in hospital, enhancement of rehabilitation, information and involvement in their own treatment. Progress in science and technology offers, today, miniaturization, speed, intelligence, sophistication and new materials at lower cost. In this new landscape, microtechnologies, information technologies and telecommunications are key factors. Telemedicine has also evolved. Used initially to exchange patients' files, radiographic data and other information between health providers, today telemedicine contributes to new trends in "hospital extension" through all-day monitoring of vital signs, professional activities, entertainment and home-based activities. The new possibilities for home care and ambulatory monitoring are provided at 4 levels: a) Microsensors. Microtechnologies offer the possibility of small size, but also of intelligent, active devices, working with low energy, wireless and non-invasive or minimally-invasive; b) Wrist devices are particularly user friendly and combine sensors, circuits, supply, display and wireless transmission in a single box, very convenient for common physical activities; c) Health smart clothes make contact with 90 % of the skin and offer many possibilities for the location of sensors. These sensors have to be thin, flexible and compatible with textiles, or made using textile technologies, such as new fibers with specific (mechanical, electrical and optical) properties; d) Health smart homes. The aim of this method is to improve the patient's living conditions and to avoid the cost of long hospitalization. "Exosensors" are used for measurement of the activity and behavior of the patient. The field of applications is very large, e.g. continuous monitoring of elderly populations, professional and military activities, athletes performance and condition, and people with disabilities. This new healthcare approach has to take into account lifestyle for improving prevention. For the patient to be more and more involved in his/her own therapy, new responsibilities and ethics have to be defined. A "societal health education" has to be provided to physicians and to patients to get all the benefits of this new context.

Biomedical Technology↗
PubMed2005

The Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense surveys: lasting impacts.

The Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense (ICNND) Surveys provided previously unavailable representative information on the food and nutrition situations of military or civilian populations in 33 developing countries. Information on related social and economic conditions also were assessed. These data provided a framework for planning follow-up programs to correct problems identified and to prevent them from recurring, such as fortification of salt with iodine and sugar with vitamin A. Educational materials specific to the nutrient content of local foods, dietary patterns, and availability within countries and cultures were also developed, such as food composition tables and dietary guidelines. In-country scientists were motivated to continue nutrition research, and, in several countries, institutes and departments of nutrition evolved. Impact was documented by improved nutritional status in several countries, although success is not always attributed directly to the impetus provided through the ICNND Surveys. Furthermore, the surveys and their leaders provided inspiration and role models for aspiring young nutritionists both within their own countries and internationally.

Dietary Supplements↗
PubMed1976

The state of the environment 1976.

One of the main points made recently by the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme, in describing the state of the current environment in the world, was that the present nuclear arms race is a potential environmental hazard, larger than any other created. It was pointed out that the nuclear stockpiles of the major powers in 1974, amounting to 30,000 megatons, were two million times the destructive capacity of the Hiroshima bomb. The State of the Environment report continues to examine also the conventional arms race, pointing out that the combined military expenditure by developing countries has increased by the rate of ten per cent a year since 1960, taking scarce foreign exchange to build up arsenals, rather than developing the environment of these countries or alleviating the poverty of the people living in these countries. Other major points described in the report: 1. In terms of pollution, even a relatively small change in one of the controlling factors of the world climate would have serious consequences for mankind, hampering the increase in world food. 2. It is still not known what the earth's real "carrying capacity" is, and all that is known is that the earth can meet only the basic needs of a finite number of people. 3. Hunger is the main problem in the world today and can only be solved through wise development and the doubling of global food production. 4. Almost half of the 7,000 million people expected to be alive in the year 2,000 will live in towns and cities, more than 64 per cent of these people in developing countries. 5. On a positive note, there is a much greater awareness on the part of the people of the world, a greater reduction of pollution in many parts of the world, and a co-operation among governments-and a marked progress in the field of international environmental law. The report concludes by warning the world that it must consume less resources less wastefully and that without political will science can do nothing. The essence of the environmental challenge, therefore, is political rather than technical.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1986

[60 years in pathologic anatomy].

A. I. Strukov--Hero of Socialist Labour, Lenin prize winner, Honoured Scientist, Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences has been involved in a pathological anatomy for 60 years. He started studying this discipline when a student, and his first teacher was Professor V. A. Afanasyev. After a short period of work as an assistant of a Chair of Pathological Anatomy in Voronezh A. I. Strukov became a chief of a department of pathology in N. A. Semashko City Hospital in Tula. Simultaneously he attended, by correspondence, a postgraduate course in a Chair of Pathological Anatomy headed by Prof. A. I. Abrikosov at the First Moscow University. Later A. I. Strukov moved to Moscow where he started working in a laboratory of pathology of the Central Institute of Tuberculosis of the USSR Ministry of Health, headed by Prof. V. G. Stefko. He inherited from his chiefs the interest to the problem of tuberculosis and, for many years, he has been studying, together with his students, the details of morpho- and pathogenesis and pathomorphosis of this disease. The results of these studies were published in a number of monographs and journals and were included into candidate and doctor theses. A. I. Strukov developed a clinico-morphological classification of tuberculosis recognised by pathologists and clinicians of the USSR. Since 1933 A. I. Strukov worked as an assistant of A. I. Abrikosov's chair and was elected a chief of the Pathological Anatomy Chair of the First Kharkov Medical Institute. He spent the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) in Orenburg where the Kharkov Medical Institute was evacuated. Here on the basis of local civil and military hospitals, teaching, clinical and scientific work of the institute chairs, including that of pathological anatomy, was developed. A. I. Strukov returned to Moscow in 1944, worked in Prof. V. G. Shtefko's laboratory, then was elected a Professor of a Chair of Pathological Anatomy in the First Moscow Medical Institute. In 1953, after A. I. Abrikosov has retired, A. I. Strukov became the chief of this most prominent chair of pathological anatomy in the country. Continuing the traditions of A. I. Abrikosov's school, A. I. Strukov investigates with his students various problems of pathology (tuberculosis, rheumatic diseases), develops a concept of systemic and progressing disorganisation of connective tissue in rheumatic diseases, continues studying the pathology of broncho-pulmonary lesions, cardio-vascular diseases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1998

[A great Franco-Mauritian epidemiologist: Joseph Désiré Tholozan (1820-18970].

Born in 1820 from French parents in Diego Garcia, an islet then linked to Mauritius where he started in Port-Louis his school years, Joseph Désiré Tholozan was an original personality. He undertook medical studies in France (M. D. thesis, Paris, 1843) after having joined the military Health Service (1841) as a surgeon serving in various garrisons in the country and later at the Hospital of the Valde-Grâce in Paris (1849). Successful at the "agrégation" of Medicine in 1853, he later participated to the Crimean War (1854-1855) where he performed-interesting medical observations. In 1858, he was appointed personal physician to Nasreddin Shah and remained in Persia until his death in Teheran (1897) where he is buried. Tholozan published between 1847 and 1892 over fifty articles and books dealing chiefly with infectious pathology and epidemiology, written at a time when microbial etiology and specificity of such diseases were wholly unknown. He considered chiefly bubonic plague, studying as soon as 1871 the focus of the Iranian Kurdistan, a research which will be resumed by M. Baltazard and his collaborators between 1947 and 1971, i.e. a century later. He was also deeply interested by the "oriental" cholera of which he recalled masterly the history and geography in the Near and Middle East. He also performed, while in Crimea and Persia, personal observations on tuberculosis, diptheria, remittent fever, acrodynia and had studied in France in his early years various other diseases such as cutaneous staphylococcic infections, glanders, pulmonary haemorrhagies, etc. In Persia, he reorganized Public Health and medical teaching and educated many local physicians and surgeons. Being assured of the unlimited confidence of the Shah, he played an important cultural role, promoting French influence in Persia. Holder of many French and foreign decorations, Tholozan was Fellow of the French Academies of Sciences and Medicine. His name was given by Laboulbène to Ornithodoros tholozani, a tick vector of a recurrent fever (spirochetosis due to Borrelia persica), of which he had described both the symptoms and the vector in 1882.

Epidemiology↗
PubMed1996

Tuberculosis screening in medical students.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Liaison Committee on Medical Education and the Association of American Medical Colleges have issued recommendations for screening medical students for tuberculosis. This report describes the initiation of a tuberculosis screening program at the F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS). METHODS: A screening program was instituted in 1993 that included intradermal purified protein derivative, the "booster phenomenon," inter-reader variability, risk factor analysis, and administrative policy to improve compliance. RESULTS: There were 501 students screened (classes of 1996-1998). Initially, 19 (3.8%) students' tests were classified as positive, and 14 additional students tested positive when tested again 2 months later, due to the booster phenomenon. The subsequent conversion rate was 2.5% for those students who were followed for the next 3 years of medical school. All these students were placed on prevention therapy with isoniazid. No active cases of tuberculosis have been identified since the inception of the screening program. DISCUSSION: Only recently has the importance of screening medical students been emphasized. The USUHS program was designed to address the factors for a successful screening program, such as increased compliance, standardization, and documentation. With modifications according to resources, medical schools can offer an efficient tuberculosis screening program to students, faculty, and staff.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

George W. Crile, Ohio's first neurosurgeon, and his relationship with Harvey Cushing.

Much has been written about Harvey Cushing, his contributions to neurosurgery, and his relationship with many of his contemporaries. Nevertheless, there is no independent report documenting his relationship with Ohio's first neurosurgeon, George W. Crile. Crile's role as a neurosurgeon is limited to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and he is best remembered for other accomplishments. Father of physiological surgery, pioneering surgeon, innovator, inventor, soldier, and the principal founder of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Crile lived during the golden era of surgery, when the discipline was evolving from a crude and chancy art to an applied science. Crile achieved distinction by performing and describing the first successful radical neck dissection for head and neck cancers and the first successful direct human-to-human blood transfusion. He helped introduce the measurement of blood pressure during surgery, first used cocaine for regional anesthesia in the US, proposed "anoci-anesthesia" to prevent shock during surgery, helped establish one of the first nurse anesthetist schools, and invented the Crile forceps and the pneumatic suit, which was the forerunner to the aviator's antigravity suit. He was a founding member of the American College of Surgeons, its second president (1916-1917), and chairman of the Board of Regents (1913-1939). Crile was a teacher, lecturer, and author who published more than 400 papers and 24 books. In this report the authors trace the relationship between Crile and Cushing from their initial competition for a staff surgeon's position to their common interest in blood pressure, and their roles in the American Ambulance in France and later in World War I.

Anesthesia, General↗