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PubMed1985

[Immunological reactivity of patients with suppurative lung diseases and the effectiveness of immunocorrective therapy].

Patients with acute lung abscesses and bronchiectatic diseases manifested deep changes in the immune responsiveness, which were largely of compensatory (elevation of IgA content to over 2 mg/ml), immunosuppressive (decrease of lymphocyte blast transformation with PHA down to 52.2 and 48.6%) or autoimmune (increase of spontaneous lymphocyte blast transformation up to 8%) character. In patients with acute lung abscesses, the indicators enumerated tended during treatment toward normalization which was not over in the majority of them by the discharge from hospital. In patients with bronchiectatic disease, that tendency was observable only after additional treatment with immunocorrective drugs (levamisole, splenin).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

[Double-blind comparison of cefamandole and cefazolin in the therapy of respiratory tract infections (author's transl)].

A cooperative study in 46 institutions and clinics in Tohoku and Hoddaido districts in Japan was carried out to compare the efficacy, usefulness and safety of cefamandole and cefazolin in treatment of repiratory tract infections by randomized double blind technique. Two grams of either of the two cephalosporins were given by intravenous drip infusion to the two groups of patients aged over 16 years twice a day for 14 days. Of a total of 232 patients included in the study, 120 patients were treated with cefamandole and 122 patients with cefazolin. Of these patients treated with either of the both drugs, 27 patients were excluded from evaluation for efficacy. All 232 patients were adopted for analysis of side effects. Characteristics of the population, sex and age distribution, severity of infections and infecting organisms before treatment were similar in each treatment group and no statistically significant differences could be found between the two groups. Both groups included nearly equal numbers of patients with underlying diseases or with complications. The patients pre-treated with other antibiotics before the start of the study or treated simultaneously with anti-inflammatory drugs were equally distributed in the both treatment groups. Clinical cure rate was 69.2% in groups of the patients treated with cefamandole, whereas that in cefazolin treatment group was 62.2%. Thus, there was a difference of 7% in clinical cure rate between two treatment groups, though it was not statistically significant. In groups of patients with acute bacterial pneumonia or lung abcess, clinical cure rate with cefamandole was 76.7%, whereas that with cefazolin was 67.7%. Thus, the clinical cure rate was 9% higher in the group of patients treated with cefamandole, though the difference was again statistically not significant. In the group of patients with infections associated with chronic respiratory diseases, cefamandole cured 50% of the patients treated, whereas cefazolin cured 48.1%. Comparison of the curves of cumulative distribution of MICs of cefamandole and cefazolin proved the superiority of cefamandole to cefazolin in antimicrobial activities against strains of various species isolated from the patients in the study. Rate of eradication of potential pathogenic microorganisms was 82.4% in the patients with pneumonia or lung abscess who were treated with cefamandole, whereas that with cefazolin was 83.3%. Taking efficacy and adverse effects into consideration, usefulness of the two cephalosporins in the treatment of respiratory tract infections was evaluated by doctors in charge. In 33.3% of patients treated, cefamandole was evaluated as quite useful in the treatment of pneumonia or lung abscess. In contrast, cefazolin was evaluated as quite useful in only 18.3% of patient treated. This difference was statistically significant (P smaller than 0.1). In treatment of patients with infections associated with chronic respiratory disease, cefamandole and cefazolin were evaluated as quite useful or useful in 53.1% and in 51...

Adult↗
PubMed1963

Foregut cysts.

Foregut cysts frequently cause symptoms in the first three decades of life. The symptoms consist of dyspnea, wheezing, cough and sputum, dysphagia, stridor, and those associated with right heart strain. Symptoms and the radiological appearance of the uncomplicated cyst mimic mediastinal tumour and mediastinal obstruction. The symptoms and radiological appearance of the ruptured infected cyst simulate those of lung abscess, diaphragmatic hernia, ruptured hydatid cyst, cavitated peripheral carcinoma and pulmonary tuberculosis. In this series the differentiation from other cysts was made thus: with intralobar sequestration, a systemic arterial blood supply was demonstrated; with hydatid cyst, there was a positive intradermal skin test and (radiologically) following rupture, the appearance of a pericystic pneumatocele followed by the water-lily sign was diagnostic; with emphysematous cysts, the signs of associated bronchitis were present; in the presence of pseudocysts, there was a previous history of lung abscess, staphylococcal infection or tuberculosis. Cysts should be removed when first diagnosed.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Effect of lung resection and sham surgery on the frequency of infection in alloxan-diabetic rats.

The present study was carried out in order to determine the effect of lung resection on the frequency of infections in alloxan-diabetic rats. Adult female Wistar rats were injected with alloxan (40 mg/kg, iv) to induce diabetes mellitus (group D; N = 45) or with vehicle (1.0 ml/kg, iv) to be used as controls (group C; N = 45). Thirty-six days after receiving alloxan both groups were randomly divided into three subgroups: no operation (NO; N = 15), sham operation (SO; N = 15), and left pneumonectomy (PE; N = 15). The rats were sacrificed 36 days after surgery and their lungs were examined microscopically and macroscopically. The occurrence of thoracic wall infection, thoracic wall abscess, lung abscess and pleural empyema was similar in groups D and C. In contrast, the overall infection rate was higher (P<0.05) in the diabetic rats (SO-D and PE-D subgroups, but not in the NO-D subgroup). Considering that the overall infection rate was similar in the SO-D and PE-D subgroups, we suggest that surgery but not pneumonectomy was related to the higher prevalence of infection in diabetic rats.

Alloxan↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Paraesophageal hernia secondary to failed Nissen fundoplication mimicking lung abcess.

A 9 1/2-month-old girl was transferred to our institution for evaluation and treatment of a lung abscess. Presenting symptoms included low-grade fever, irritability, diarrhea, and tachypnea. Chest radiograph showed a dense opacity with an air-fluid level in the lower portion of the right hemithorax. When the radiograph was reviewed carefully, surgical clips from a previous Nissen fundoplication were visible within the area of consolidation. A barium study revealed evidence of a large paraesophageal hernia with an air fluid level, and no evidence of a lung abscess. The patient had a laparoscopic revision of the Nissen, which had slipped superiorly, and an esophageal hernia repair. Postoperatively, the patient did well and was discharged without any complications.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Magnetic resonance imaging of inflammatory lung disorders: preliminary studies in children.

Magnetic resonance(MR) scans were performed on 14 children with a variety of inflammatory disorders of the lungs. MR successfully identified disease in all of the children and accurately localized the disease within the lung fields. In patients with pneumonia and lung abscesses the acute inflammation was associated with a marked increase in signal intensity on T2 when compared with T1 weighted images. One patient with an inflammatory pseudotumor demonstrated a smaller increase in signal intensity on T2 weighted images than was seen in acute pneumonia. Abscess cavities were well identified along with the wall thickness. In patients with diffuse lung disease (diffuse histoplasmosis, miliary tuberculosis, Letterer-Siwe disease, and allergic alveolitis), each disease appeared different on the MR images. These preliminary studies indicate that magnetic resonance imaging is effective for identifying pulmonary disease in children and may improve the radiologist's ability to differentiate pulmonary disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Tricuspid infectious endocarditis in Brazzaville. Apropos of 12 cases].

The authors report their experience of the clinical and echocardiographic aspects and course of tricuspid infectious endocarditis, based upon 12 cases collected between September 1985 and December 1992. The diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of the association of signs of septicemia (12 cases), at least two positive blood cultures for the same organism (9 cases) and well-defined vegetations seen by trans-thoracic echocardiography (12 cases). All patients were young women: mean age = 21.8 +/- 4.7. None were heroin addicts but one was positive for human immune deficiency virus. Tricuspid infectious endocarditis was most often acute (9 cases), primary (10 cases, post-abortum (11 cases), due to Staphylococcus aureus (5 cases), and complicated by cardiac failure (12 cases) and lung abscess (4 cases). Four patients died of septicemia (2 cases), of cardiac failure and lung abscess (2 cases). One had severe tricuspid incompetence requiring surgery. It has not yet been possible to operate on this patient because of the lack of cardiac surgery facilities in Congo. The prevention of tricuspid infectious endocarditis depends above all on the fight against clandestine abortions and against the development of intravenous drug abuse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Coexisting respiratory tract infection and bacteremia or sepsis caused by the same bacterium].

We experienced 12 patients who were suffering from bacteremia or sepsis and pneumonia or lung abscess coincidently caused by the same bacterium, during the 8 years from 1985 to 1992 a Hokusyo Central Hospital. All of them has some underlying diseases, and the average age was 73.6 years old. In ten out of 12 patients bacteremia or sepsis preceded the respiratory tract infection, and in 7 cases indwelling intravenous catheter was thought to be the port of entry of the bacteria. Respiratory tract infections were composed of pneumonia in 8 cases and lung abscess in 4 cases. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected in 4 cases, Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were in 2 cases respectively, Citrobacter freundii and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus spp. were in one cases respectively. Eight out of 12 cases died in spite of current antibiotics therapy, suggesting poor prognosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[A comparative study of tazobactam/piperacillin and piperacillin in bacterial pneumonia].

The efficacy, safety and usefulness of tazobactam/piperacillin (TAZ/PIPC), in bacterial pneumonia and lung abscess were determined with PIPC as the control in a multi-institutional comparative study a penicillin antibiotic for injection prepared by combining a newly developed beta-lactamase inhibitor, tazobactam (TAZ), with a broad spectrum penicillin antibiotic, piperacillin (PIPC), at a ratio of 1:4. TAZ/PIPC was intravenously injected at a dose of 2.5 g (titer) twice a day, and PIPC at a dose of 2.0 g (titer) twice a day as a rule for 14 days. The following results were obtained: 1. The efficacy rates for bacterial pneumonia and lung abscess were 94% (80/85) in TAZ/PIPC group and 89% (70/79) in PIPC group, showing no significant difference between the two groups. 2. In a comparison of degrees of improvement in clinical symptoms, signs and laboratory findings, there were no significant differences between the two groups except for results on thoracic rales after three days of administration. 3. As for bacteriological effects, the elimination rates of causative organisms were 98% (40/41) in the TAZ/PIPC group and 80% (28/35) in the PIPC group. Thus, the TAZ/PIPC group was significantly superior to the PIPC group. The TAZ/PIPC group showed significantly better eradication of bacteria as well. Bacteria considered to be pyogenic were detected in 80 patients (43 administered TAZ/PIPC and 37 administered PIPC), but beta-lactamase production was confirmed in only 11 patients of each group. There were no significant differences in bacteriological effects among these patients. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of TAZ/PIPC against beta-lactamase producing organisms were distinctly superior to those of PIPC. 4. Side effects occurred in 10% (10/96) of the TAZ/PIPC group and 7% (7/95) of the PIPC group. Abnormal clinical laboratory test values were observed in 22% (20/92) of the TAZ/PIPC group and 18% (17/93) of the PIPC group. Thus, there were no significant differences between the two administration groups. 5. The usefulness rate in the TAZ/PIPC group was 87% (75/86) and it was 85% (67/79) in the PIPC group, showing no significant difference between them. The results suggest that TAZ/PIPC administered at a dose of 2.5 g (titer) twice a day is more useful than PIPC administered at a dose of 2.0 g (titer) twice a day in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The spread of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection to unvaccinated and vaccinated sheep.

The decrease in the prevalence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis after two generations of vaccination against the disease it causes, was used to estimate the rate of control of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA). Three groups of 150 sheep, of which 50 in each group were artificially infected with C pseudotuberculosis and 100 in each group were uninfected sheep, were run separately for 40 months and shorn 5 times to promote the spread of CLA. One lot of 50 infected sheep and 2 lots of 100 uninfected sheep were vaccinated against CLA. The rate of spread of CLA was recorded. Sheep vaccinated against CLA and naturally exposed to infection had a 74% lower infection rate than unvaccinated sheep. Sheep vaccinated against CLA and exposed to only vaccinated infected sheep had a 97% lower infection rate. Unvaccinated sheep had a 76% infection rate, with 77% of the transmission occurring at the 4th and 5th shearings, without any discharging CLA abscesses being observed. This study supports the view that in Australian wool producing flocks, CLA spreads mainly from sheep with discharging lung abscesses to sheep with shearing cuts. Vaccinated sheep infected with CLA have 96% fewer lung abscesses compared with unvaccinated infected sheep and are therefore less likely to spread this disease to other sheep.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[A double blind comparative study on the efficacy of S6472, cefaclor and amoxicillin, in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia].

The S6472 is a 4:6 mixture of 2 types of granules of cefaclor (CCL) coated with different films; one type of granules is soluble at low pH's and absorbed in the stomach while the other type is soluble at high pH's and absorbed in the intestine. The difference in absorption sites makes it possible to maintain blood concentrations of the drug at clinically efficient levels for a longer period of time compared with ordinary CCL. The efficacy, safety and usefulness of S6472 in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia was compared with those of ordinary CCL and of amoxicillin (AMPC) by the blind method. The patients entered in this trial were those who had bacterial pneumonia or lung abscess and were 16 years or above of age. The S6472 was given orally for 14 days at a daily dose of 1,500 mg (750 mg each after breakfast and supper), CCL was given at a daily dose of 1,500 mg (500 mg each after every meal), and AMPC at 2,000 mg (500 mg each after every meal and at the bedtime). To make the study blind, placeboes were matched with the test drug so that patients in every treatment group took 4 doses per day. Out of a total of 195 patients thus treated, 179 patients (55 in S6472 group, 62 in CCL group and 62 in AMPC group) were adopted for the evaluation by committee members while 185 patients (58 in S6472 group, 63 in CCL group and 64 in AMPC group) by controllers. When clinical results of the 3 treatment groups were compared, no statistically significant differences were observed in efficacy rates (cure rates), incidences of side effects nor abnormal findings of laboratory tests. From these results of this trial, it is concluded that oral administration of 750 mg of S6472 twice a day (1,500 mg per day) is as effective and useful as that of 500 mg of ordinary CCL 3 times a day (1,500 mg per day) or 500 mg of AMPC 4 times a day (2,000 mg per day) in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia or lung abscess.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Postoperative pleural effusion in bronchioloalveolar cancer.

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma occasionally presents with bronchorrhea and can appear on roentgenogram as cavitary lesions similar to a lung abscess. We present a case of multifocal, cavitary bronchioloalveolar cancer, which was originally treated unsuccessfully as lung abscesses. At surgery, two cavities were identified without evidence of tumor or chronic infection and were left open. The postoperative course was complicated by 5 weeks of massive chest tube drainage, which was finally controlled with radiation and time. This report chronicles our difficulty with diagnosis and management and suggests recommendations for future providers.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Exogenous lipoid pneumonia with abscess mimicking a lung tumor].

A case of abscessing exogenous lipoid pneumonia is reported. After the onset of respiratory symptoms, 68-year-old male was admitted to our hospital. Physical and X-ray examination suggested malignant lung tumor. After false positive finding of fine needle transthoracic biopsy, the right middle lobectomy was performed. Histological examination showed an unexpected finding of lipoid pneumonia and thereafter information of accidental petroleum aspiration was obtained.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

The role of the capsule of the Streptococcus milleri group in its pathogenicity.

Study of the pathogenicity of encapsulated strains of the Streptococcus milleri group (SMG) was performed by examination of the ability to cause subcutaneous abscesses in mice and by phagocytosis and phagocytic killing of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) against the organisms. All 3 encapsulated isolates from patients with pneumonia or lung abscess induced abscesses in the mice; however, only 2 of 20 unencapsulated isolates from patients with lung abscess or thoracic empyema did so. The 3 encapsulated strains inhibited more phagocytosis and phagocytic killing of PMNs than the unencapsulated strains. In addition, encapsular material separated from Streptococcus constellatus RZYK001 also inhibited phagocytosis and phagocytic killing in proportion to increasing concentrations of the capsular material. These results suggest that capsular material produced by SMG might be a pathogenic factor.

Abscess↗
PubMed1996

A contrast technique to improve sampling in cavitating lung lesions.

Twelve patients with cavitating lung lesions of uncertain aetiology, who had percutaneous aspiration combined with the instillation of radiographic contrast media, are presented. A diagnosis was made in 11 of the 12 patients (92%). A positive culture was obtained in all patients already receiving treatment for lung abscesses. Cultures of lavage fluid were positive in 89% of infected cavities. The instillation of radiographic contrast media into the lung cavity assists biopsy of the cavity wall, can be used to lavage the cavity, and may facilitate expectoration of sputum.

Adult↗