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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Occupational health in Egypt.

This review aims to evaluate current occupational health services (OHS) in Egypt. The authors begin with a background on the geography, population, and economy, and then briefly describe the labor force. They discuss the legislative aspects of OHS (including health insurance) and the environment; OHS training and education; and activities such as research, inspection, environmental monitoring, and management of occupational diseases. Occupational accidents and diseases, registered during 2000, are analyzed. Problems with OHS administration in Egypt are presented, along with relevant countermeasures. Various promotion and support measures for administrative policy are prioritized and discussed.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Managing the workforce reduction: hospital CEO perceptions of organizational dysfunction.

Over the past few years many nations have undertaken activities aimed at restructuring and reengineering their health system as a means of achieving greater cost effectiveness and consumer responsiveness. Most efforts at reforming healthcare delivery have been accompanied by the downsizing of healthcare organizations. Organizations that are undergoing decline or significant workforce contractions are widely believed to experience a number of negative or dysfunctional attributes as a consequence of reductions in, or redeployments of, their labor force. For organizations undergoing planned workforce reductions, much speculation has been made in an attempt to identify a set of "best practices" that have the potential to mitigate the dysfunctional consequences associated with large permanent reductions in the workforce. This article explores the relationships among workforce-reduction practices and perceptions of organizational dysfunction in a large sample of Canadian hospitals. Results of the analysis suggest that the application of certain "progressive" workforce-reduction practices preceding, during, and subsequent to the downsizing process may play an important role in mitigating some of these dysfunctional organizational consequences. This research provides some evidence to suggest that how a workforce reduction is carried out may have a greater effect on organizational effectiveness than either the magnitude or severity of the overall workforce reduction.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1981

[The "third child" effect].

"The birth of a third child has various consequences [for] the income which the family will ultimately have; the two major consequences are the increases in the family allowance and the income-tax relief due to the 'family quotient'. This study conventionally simulates over a period of 24 years the effects of legislation as it was in 1980 in order to compare the average available income over this period for sample families of two or three children." Differences according to socio-occupational category and wife's labor force participation are also examined. "In general, whatever the category of the family, and whether the mother works or not, the available income, expressed as the consumption units of the family, will be reduced when the third child is born in spite of the effects of family assistance measures." (summary in ENG, SPA)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Returning migrant characteristics and labor market demand in Greece.

Immigrants who repatriate bring with them modern work skills which many observers in labor exporting regions describe as a great contribution to the mother country. Using data from 2 samples of Greek repatriates as well as projections of industrial labor force demands in Greece for the 1980s, this article challenges this concept. The authors find that the uneven regional development and stunted industrial growth which pushed these workers abroad are also responsible for the narrowly limited employment options which they face once they repatriate. For the urban repatriate, the market is limited to unemployment, the urban informal sector and scattered jobs, while for the rural repatriate, small-scale agriculture, multiple job holdings and unemployment are the only viable options.

Demography↗
PubMed1989

Migration and development: myths and reality.

Recent research on the impact of labor migration on the socioeconomic development of developing countries has provided opportunity to try and resolve some of the long-standing polemics that have pervaded the literature on migration and development. This article focuses on findings concerning the labor, remittance, and social impacts of emigration on countries that have participated in labor emigration. While a great deal more research needs to be done, recent findings confirm that in some situations the sort-term impacts of labor migration on sending countries have been considerable.

Demography↗
PubMed1990

The reorganization of mine labor recruitment in Southern Africa: evidence from Botswana.

"The past decade has been one of unprecedented change in the pattern and organization of mine labor recruitment in Southern Africa. Using detailed data on recruitment patterns in Botswana, this article supports the view that recent changes have initiated a self-sustaining trend whereby certain flows of foreign labor into South Africa will decline unabated into the foreseeable future. This results from a shift in general recruiting policy from one of encouraging external migrant labor flows--by expanding recruitment networks and employing a variable and transient workforce--to one of retrenchment and labor stabilization biased in favor of internalized labor supplies."

Africa↗
PubMed1990

Contract labor recruitment from the Highlands of Papua New Guinea, 1950-1974.

The author examines the social, economic, and political context surrounding a contract labor system implemented in Papua New Guinea that was begun in the 1950s. "In its 25 years of operation the Highland Labour Scheme provided the mechanism whereby some 100,000 men migrated temporarily from their highland homes to work in the coastal districts of Papua New Guinea. This was a circular migration within their own country, for labor purposes only. The men did not take their families with them, and there was no element of redistribution of population from a highly populated area as there has been in migration schemes in the adjoining areas of Southeast Asia...."

Demography↗
PubMed1990

Recruitment of labor migrants for the Middle East: the Sri Lankan case.

"This article deals with the social, economic and demographic aspects of labor migration from Sri Lanka to the Middle East. The findings are based on a survey covering 891 return migrants and 866 family members of current migrants, as well as a total of 407 nonmigrants who were interviewed as a control group. Although the elasticity of the demand for female domestic personnel is much smaller than that for male migrants, it was found that recruitment for female labor migrants has increased considerably in recent years. The enormous demand for foreign employment has led to a thriving recruitment sector and to numerous illegal activities also among authorized employment agents. Currently, prospective labor migrants have to incur huge debts to finance migration."

Africa↗
PubMed1990

International contract migration and the reintegration of return migrants: the experience of Sri Lanka.

"This article attempts to shed light on the issue of how far the labor exporting countries can monitor the process of reinsertion of return migrants in the domestic economy, with a view to maximizing net gains from international labor migration, drawing upon the experience of Sri Lanka. It begins with an examination of the socioeconomic characteristics of migrant workers with special emphasis on their post-migration activity status and the pattern of remittance utilization. Then it proceeds to evaluate critically the self-employment scheme that has been introduced by the Sri Lankan labor administration to advise and train return migrants in establishing themselves in business. The findings point to the danger of expecting too much from policy initiatives in this sphere."

Asia↗
PubMed1989

The impact of cost of living differentials on migration of elderly people to Florida.

"In this paper the determinants of [the] migration [of elderly people] are analyzed with special reference to how cost of living influences the selection of a destination by migrating elderly persons (55 and over) during 1975-1980 [in the United States]. The results of the study support the hypothesis that cost of living differentials provide the elderly an incentive to move that is not unlike the incentive wage differentials provide members of the labor force. The results indicate that cost of living differentials among groups of Florida counties have a major impact on the migration decisions of elderly households."

Adult↗