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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Jogger's toe.

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Athletic Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The comparative efficacy of antecedent exercise and methylphenidate: a single-case randomized trial.

This study evaluated the comparative efficacy of antecedent exercise, methylphenidate (Ritalin), and placebo in the reduction of hyperactive behaviour in a pre-school boy. A single-case alternating treatments experimental design was employed for a total of 82 days. The dependent variable was the Conners' Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire. Antecedent exercise failed to reduce hyperactive behaviour. Methylphenidate produced significantly less hyperactive behaviour than both placebo and antecedent exercise (P = 0.0238). Neither methylphenidate nor antecedent exercise produced notable side-effects as measured by the Monitoring of Side-Effects Scale. These data add to a sparse literature on the effects of antecedent exercise and methylphenidate amongst pre-school children.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed2004

Quorum sensing and the LysR-type transcriptional activator ToxR regulate toxoflavin biosynthesis and transport in Burkholderia glumae.

Burkholderia glumae BGR1 produces a broad-host range phytotoxin, called toxoflavin, which is a key pathogenicity factor in rice grain rot and wilt in many field crops. Our molecular and genetic analyses of toxoflavin-deficient mutants demonstrated that gene clusters for toxoflavin production consist of four transcriptional units. The toxoflavin biosynthesis genes were composed of five genes, toxA to toxE, as Suzuki et al. (2004) reported previously. Genes toxF to toxI, which are responsible for toxoflavin transport, were polycistronic and similar to the genes for resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux systems. Using Tn3-gusA reporter fusions, we found that ToxR, a LysR-type regulator, regulates both the toxABCDE and toxFGHI operons in the presence of toxoflavin as a coinducer. In addition, the expression of both operons required a transcriptional activator, ToxJ, whose expression is regulated by quorum sensing. TofI, a LuxI homologue, was responsible for the biosynthesis of both N-hexanoyl homoserine lactone and N-octanoyl homoserine lactone (C8-HSL). C8-HSL and its cognate receptor TofR, a LuxR homologue, activated toxJ expression. This is the first report that quorum sensing is involved in pathogenicity by the regulation of phytotoxin biosynthesis and its transport in plant pathogenic bacteria.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1989

Jogger's phimosis.

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Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1988

Comparative evaluation of chronotropic responses of QT sensing and activity sensing rate responsive pacemakers.

The rate responses of activity sensing (ATS) and QT sensing (QTS) rate responsive pacemakers to different forms and durations of exercises were compared. Nine patients with ATS and five with QTS were studied. All had complete heart block and atrial arrhythmias. At the onset, the pacemakers were programmed to achieve a pacing rate of 100-110 bpm by the end of stage 1 of the Bruce protocol, and to a pacing rate range of 70-150 bpm. With progressive exercise, using a treadmill (Bruce protocol), the maximum pacing rates in the two groups were not significantly different (mean +/- SD: 123 +/- 18 vs 129 +/- 23 bpm, ATS vs QTS). The time taken to return to the baseline pacing rate during recovery was significantly longer with QTS (178 +/- 70 vs 264 +/- 68 s, p less than 0.05). Brief exercise tests on a treadmill were performed for 3 min each with different combinations of treadmill speeds (1.2 and 2.5 mph) and gradients (0, 5, 10 and 15%). In both groups of patients, faster walking speed was associated with a faster pacing rate at each gradient. However, with increasing gradients, at each speed, there was a rise in the maximum pacing rate only in patients with QTS. During brief exercise tests, the maximum rate was achieved by the end of exercise in patients with ATS, but was delayed by 33 +/- 20 s after exercise in patients with QTS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Developing pulsatile flow in a deployed coronary stent.

A major consequence of stent implantation is restenosis that occurs due to neointimal formation. This patho-physiologic process of tissue growth may not be completely eliminated. Recent evidence suggests that there are several factors such as geometry and size of vessel, and stent design that alter hemodynamic parameters, including local wall shear stress distributions, all of which influence the restenosis process. The present three-dimensional analysis of developing pulsatile flow in a deployed coronary stent quantifies hemodynamic parameters and illustrates the changes in local wall shear stress distributions and their impact on restenosis. The present model evaluates the effect of entrance flow, where the stent is placed at the entrance region of a branched coronary artery. Stent geometry showed a complex three-dimensional variation of wall shear stress distributions within the stented region. Higher order of magnitude of wall shear stress of 530 dyn/cm2 is observed on the surface of cross-link intersections at the entrance of the stent. A low positive wall shear stress of 10 dyn/cm2 and a negative wall shear stress of -10 dyn/cm2 are seen at the immediate upstream and downstream regions of strut intersections, respectively. Modified oscillatory shear index is calculated which showed persistent recirculation at the downstream region of each strut intersection. The portions of the vessel where there is low and negative wall shear stress may represent locations of thrombus formation and platelet accumulation. The present results indicate that the immediate downstream regions of strut intersections are areas highly susceptible to restenosis, whereas a high shear stress at the strut intersection may cause platelet activation and free emboli formation.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

A role of the basal ganglia in movement: the effect of precues on discrete bi-directional movements in Parkinson's disease.

The effect of a precue on improving movement initiation (i.e., reaction time; RT) is well understood, whereas its influence on movement execution (i.e., movement time; MT) has rarely been examined. The current study investigated the influence of a directional precue (i.e., left vs. right) on the RT and MT of simple and discrete bi-directional movements in a large sample of Parkinson's disease patients and healthy control participants. Both patients and controls were tested twice, with testing sessions separated by 2 hours. Patients were tested first following an overnight levodopa withdrawal and again after they had taken their medication. Both patients and controls demonstrated a significant RT improvement when information was provided in advance. MT in both healthy participants and medicated patients was, however, slower with the provision of advance information, while unmedicated patients showed no significant MT effects. These results suggest that while the basal ganglia may not be involved in motor program selection, they may dynamically modulate movement execution.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Building neural representations of habits.

Memories for habits and skills ("implicit or procedural memory") and memories for facts ("explicit or episodic memory") are built up in different brain systems and are vulnerable to different neurodegenerative disorders in humans. So that the striatum-based mechanisms underlying habit formation could be studied, chronic recordings from ensembles of striatal neurons were made with multiple tetrodes as rats learned a T-maze procedural task. Large and widely distributed changes in the neuronal activity patterns occurred in the sensorimotor striatum during behavioral acquisition, culminating in task-related activity emphasizing the beginning and end of the automatized procedure. The new ensemble patterns remained stable during weeks of subsequent performance of the same task. These results suggest that the encoding of action in the sensorimotor striatum undergoes dynamic reorganization as habit learning proceeds.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2005

Activation of the phz operon of Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 requires the LuxR homolog PhzR, N-(3-OH-Hexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone produced by the LuxI homolog PhzI, and a cis-acting phz box.

The phz operon of Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79, which produces phenazine-1-carboxylate, is preceded by two genes, phzR and phzI, that are homologs of quorum-sensing gene pairs of the luxR-luxI family. Deleting phzR and phzI from strain 2-79 led to loss of production of the antibiotics, as well as a suite of six acyl-homoserine lactones (acyl-HSLs) that includes four 3-hydroxy- derivatives and two alkanoyl-HSLs. Strain 2-79 accumulates N-(3-hydroxy-hexanoyl)-L-HSL to levels 20 and 30 times those of N-(hexanoyl)-L-HSL and N-(3-hydroxy-octanoyl)-HSL, the next most abundant species produced by this isolate. Expression of a clone of phzI in Escherichia coli and P. fluorescens 1855 resulted in the synthesis of all six acyl-HSLs. Maximal activation of phzA and phzR fused to lacZ and uidA reporters, respectively, required PhzR and the acyl-HSL signals. PhzR-mediated expression of the phzA::lacZ fusion responded with highest sensitivity and greatest magnitude to pure N-(3-hydroxy-hexanoyl)-L-HSL. When exposed to organic extracts of culture supernatants containing the six acyl-HSLs at their normal levels, the reporter responded strongly to N-(3-hydroxy-hexanoyl)-L-HSL but did not respond to any of the other five acyl-HSLs. The transcriptional start sites for the divergently oriented phzA and phzR genes were mapped by primer extension analysis. An 18-bp almost perfect inverted repeat, the phz box, is located between the phzI and phzR promoters. Disrupting this repeat abolished PhzR-dependent activation of phzA and phzR. We conclude that PhzI of strain 2-79 synthesizes 3-OH acyl-HSLs and that P. fluorescens 2-79 uses N-(3-hydroxy-hexanoyl)-HSL as its quorum-sensing signal. We also conclude that PhzR, with its quormone, activates expression of phzA and phzR and that this activation requires an intact phz box sequence located in the divergent promoter region.

4-Butyrolactone↗
PubMed1990

Mutational analysis of simian virus 40 small-t antigen.

Several point mutations in the simian virus 40 (SV40) small-t antigen have been analyzed for their effects on protein stability, transformation, transactivation, and binding of two cellular proteins. All mutations which affected cysteine residues in two cysteine clusters produced highly unstable small-t antigens. Four point mutations outside these clusters and one in-frame deletion mutant, dl890, produced stable proteins but reduced transformation efficiency. These were able to transactivate the EII promoter and bind the cellular proteins, suggesting that these activities are not sufficient for small-t-mediated enhancement of transformation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗