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PubMedDate not supplied

[Ultrastructural and morphometric characteristics of neutrophilic granulocytes of blood].

Ultrastructural and morphometric characteristics of neutrophilic granulocytes (NG) of blood were investigated. It was found that every cell size fraction distinguished by its own morphologic type of NG and its specified quantitative and qualitative characteristic of primary granules. There is a close interrelation between morphometric and ultrastructural characteristics, and such parameters as perimeter, area of NG, and area of primary granules can be considered as criteria of the NG functional state.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed2002

Automated image morphometry of lobular breast carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the role of automated image morphometry (AIM) in distinguishing infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast from benign, borderline and infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). STUDY DESIGN: Only histopathologically proven lobular carcinoma, ductal carcinoma, borderline lesions and benign breast lesions were selected for the study. There were 19 cases of ILC and 30 cases of IDC, 20 cases of benign lesions (fibroadenoma, 18; fibrocystic disease, 1; and fibroadenosis, 1); 10 cases were borderline lesions (mild epithelial hyperplasia, 3; moderate epithelial hyperplasia, 2; florid epithelial hyperplasia 4; intraductal papillary carcinoma, 1). In all cases hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were used for AIM. At least 100 cells from each case were subjected to analysis randomly with an image cytometer with Leica Quantimet 600 software (Cambridge, England). Nuclear area, diameter, perimeter, convex perimeter, convex area and roundness were measured in each case with random, unbiased selection of cells and 40 x objectives (one pixel = 0.46 microm). AIM data on the cases were analyzed in relation to final cytologic diagnosis. RESULTS: All the nuclear morphometric features of ILC were much lower than those of IDC and borderline lesions, whereas nuclear morphometric data on ILC were only marginally more than those on benign cases. ANOVA showed that mophometric data were significant (P < .05) in all the variables between ILC and IDC. However, there was no significant difference between ILC, and borderline and benign cases. CONCLUSION: Image morphometry may be useful in distinguishing ILC from IDC on cytologic smears. However, morphometric data may not be helpful in distinguishing benign and borderline lesions from ILC.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed2002

Karyometry in endometrial adenocarcinoma of different grades.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize nuclei from adenocarcinoma of the endometrium of different grades in order to establish whether significantly different nuclear subpopulations exist. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 1,400 nuclei from 14 cases of adenocarcinoma of the endometrium of grades 1, 2 and 3 were recorded, and 600 nucleifrom normal, secretory phase glandular endometrial epithelium were used as a reference data set. Karyometric features were computed and a discriminant function derived to define a trend in feature values for nuclei from lesions of different grades. The nuclei from lesions of different grades were processed by a nonsupervised learning algorithm in an effort to detect and define subpopulations. RESULTS: Nuclei from grade 1 lesions represented a near-diploid stemline, whereas nuclei from grade 3 lesions formed an aneuploid set with a mode around 3N. The existence of three subpopulations with statistically different nuclear chromatin patterns could be shown for nuclei from each grade. In each grade these three subpopulations occupied the same relative position in feature space. For grade 1 lesions all three subpopulations were near diploid, for grade 3 lesions all three were approximately triploid. CONCLUSION: The nuclei in adenocarcinoma of the endometrium form a heterogeneous set, with subpopulations of distinctly different chromatin patterns and different ploidy. This should be taken into consideration in assessing the efficacy of chemopreventive intervention.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A comparative morphometric analysis of cytograms of invasive ductal and invasive lobular breast cancer].

The most informative for differential diagnosis parameters (surface and nucleus polarization) were determined on the basis of morphometric analysis of 42 cytograms of invasive duct cancer (IDC) and 39 cytograms of invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC) using the computer analyzer MEKOC-C. Combination of these two parameters allowed the authors to elaborate a decisive rule for differential diagnosis of these two cancers (the mistake is reduced to 8.6%). The analysis of 8 informative morphometric nuclear parameters has shown that in ILC the nuclei are more monomorphic, less in square and perimeter, nucleoli are less numerous than in IDC. The study gives objective criteria for preoperative differential cytological diagnosis between IDC and ILC.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2003

Cytologic appearance of toxic nodular goiter after thyrostatic treatment. A karyometric study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the cytologic appearance of aspirates from toxic nodular goiter is substantially modified during the course of therapy with thyrostatic drugs. STUDY DESIGN: Morphometric features of thyrocyte nuclei in aspirates obtained from nontoxic nodular goiter (NTNG), toxic nodular goiter before treatment (TNG-untreated) and toxic nodular goiter during thyrostatic administration (TNG-treated) were examined. The relationship between the degree of morphologic changes and the duration of therapy was evaluated. An analysis of the composition of aspirates was also performed. RESULTS: The sizes of thyrocyte nuclei in the TNG-untreated group were larger than in the NTNG and TNG-treated groups, and treatment with thyrostatics was accompanied by a gradual decrease in the sizes of thyrocyte nuclei. However, karyometric features showed a tendency to increase again in patients treated for longer than 1 year, with the variability of nuclear size in a smear (anisokaryosis) increasing more markedly than the mean size of nuclei. Moreover, in those patients, nuclei with visible nucleoli were found. CONCLUSION: Only long-term therapy with thyrostatic drugs leads to changes in the microscopic appearance of smears obtained by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the thyroid relevant to cytologic diagnosis. Thus, FNAB can be performed successfully after the onset of treatment with thyrostatics if the cytologist is informed of the time scale of treatment in each case.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[The application of basic fibroblast growth factor to auricles of rabbits with compound injury].

OBJECTIVE: To study the role of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the repair of irradiation- and surgery-induced auricle trauma. METHODS: The bilateral auricles of New Zealand white rabbits were received surgical trauma and beta-active irradiation(90Sr-90Y), bFGF was then applied to the wound. The efficacy of bFGF on wound healing was compared with the control group. RESULTS: On the 10th day after the trauma, the mean epithelalized area was (34.17 +/- 0.37) mm2 and the mean number of microvessels/high power field was (10.25 +/- 2.34) in the treated group, whereas both were (26.25 +/- 0.20) mm2 and (4.38 +/- 0.92) respectivety in the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). On the 7th and 14th days after the trauma, the mean epithelialized area in the treated group was significantly different from that of the control group. The measurement by the image cytometry showed that the treated group had a mean nuclear peak area value of (38.28 +/- 7.23) micron 2 and the mean S-stage cell value of (31.28 +/- 10.35)%, and those of the control group were (28.02 +/- 8.13) micron 2 and (20.14 +/- 9.46)% respectively. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between them. CONCLUSION: Application of bFGF can, to a certain extent, accelerate the repair of irradiated and surgically injured soft tissue.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1992

DNA-malignancy-grading of bladder tumor and its clinical significance.

The DNA-Malignancy-Grade(DNA-MG) of paraffin-embedded tumor specimens from 38 patients with bladder tumor was determined by image cytometry. A good correlation was found of DNA-MG with clinical staging and histopathological grading. The DNA-MG of T1 and G1 bladder tumor was less than 3.00, while that of T3-4 and G3 bladder tumor was greater than 3.00. The 5-year survival of patients with DNA-MG < 3.00 and > 3.00 was 100% and 36.9%, respectively. The data indicate that DNA-MG plays an important role in the assessment of the prognosis and the planning of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human papillomavirus and DNA ploidy in tonsillar cancer--correlation to prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is frequently observed in tonsillar cancer. Here, tonsillar tumors were examined to see whether DNA content varied depending on HPV status, and influenced clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Image cytometry (ICM) was used for DNA content analysis and PCR for HPV analysis in 66 tonsillar cancer biopsies. RESULTS: Most tumors exhibited a high degree of aneuploidy, while only 12% were diploid. Although non-significant, proportionally more patients with cancer with a 5c ER below the mean value compared to patients with tumors with a 5c ER above the mean value were disease-free and displayed a better survival. Forty-five percent of the tumors were HPV-16-positive. Significantly more HPV-positive tumors than HPV-negative tumors had a 5c ER below the mean value and more patients with HPV- positive, compared to patients with HPV-negative tumors stayed disease-free and had a better survival. CONCLUSION: Tonsillar cancer displays a high degree of aneuploidy, albeit HPV-positive tumors have a lower degree of aneuploidy than HPV-negative tumors. Finally, HPV status provides a stronger prognostic value in tonsillar cancer than DNA content.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oestrogen and progesterone receptor expression influences DNA ploidy and the proliferation potential of breast cancer cells.

The influence of oestrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptor has not been investigated in relation to DNA ploidy and cell proliferation. Here we have investigated a series of 46 breast cancer fine-needle aspirates in order to define the prognostic value of ER/PgR and possible correlations between DNA ploidy, size of the S-phase fraction (SPF) and cell cycle distribution features measured by image cytometry (ICM) and ER/PgR status of the primary tumours. The breast cancers were grouped into ER+/PgR+, ER+/PgR- and ER-/PgR-. Inter-group comparisons were made of DNA ploidy, SPF and the pattern of cell cycle distribution defined by the G0G1/G2M ratio in order to determine the influence of ER and PgR expression on the respective cell features. Our studies suggest that ER and PgR exert differential effects on the cell features examined. This study also analysed the possibility of predicting nodal involvement and 5-year disease-free survival by combining ER/PgR status with DNA ploidy, SPF and G0G1/G2M ratios. A high degree of accuracy was achieved for predicting both nodal involvement and 5-year disease-free survival. These findings suggest that a combination of ER/PgR status with DNA ploidy, SPF and cell cycle distribution provide a powerful marker for disease prognosis.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Current methods in histopathology.

The past decade has presented many new methods to histopathology. However, there are important reasons for establishing these methods in every institute for pathology. It is not enough just to exchange old equipment into new systems. It takes a careful judgement what will be the benefits from a new system for the institute, the hospital and the patient. Important factors like institute management, quality assurance, quality control, speed, competitiveness, profitability and environmental safety aspects are high ranking tasks in the modern institute of pathology, next to the specialization in new diagnostic areas like immunohistochemistry, bone-pathology (bone-morphometry/undecalcifield iliac crest biopsy histology), flow cytometry, image analyzing or PCR-techniques etc. The main target of each institute of pathology, weather of private nature or a governmental/state institution, is the establishment of a high quality, safe and reliable diagnosis in the fastest time and for a price based on a standardized, accepted and economical system. Institutions will be more controlled by certain economical departments which have to watch the cost-/profit situation of the hospital and it's individual institutions in comparison to the average country standard and the average European standard. The introduced methods are mostly standard in "Western" institutes. However, it is of utmost importance that the institutes in "Eastern Europe" establish these standards as soon as possible in order to be competitive and to be able to join research-projects with "Western" universities - a necessary source of income.

Europe, Eastern↗
PubMed1992

IGFBP-3 gene expression and estrogen receptor status in human breast carcinoma.

Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) I and II are potent mitogens for breast carcinoma proliferation. IGF-mediated proliferative activity can be markedly enhanced by the presence of specific IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). IGFBP-3 has been shown to enhance IGF-mediated growth in a number of systems. Studies have demonstrated IGFBP-3 secretion only in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast carcinoma cell lines while IGFBP-3 could not be detected in media conditioned by ER-positive cell lines. We investigated whether a relationship exists between ER status and IGFBP-3 mRNA expression in human breast carcinoma biopsy specimens. We have detected IGFBP-3 mRNA in breast carcinoma tissue obtained from patients utilizing in situ hybridization. Quantitation of IGFBP-3 mRNA levels was performed utilizing image cytometry. There was a significantly higher expression of IGFBP-3 mRNA in ER-negative breast carcinoma specimens when compared to the ER-positive specimens. Whether this higher expression of IGFBP-3 mRNA and presumed secretion of IGFBP-3 by ER-negative tumors play a role in the rapid proliferation and poor prognosis of these tumors remains to be determined.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

The three-group metaphase as a morphologic indicator of high-ploidy cells in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

There is a need for additional morphologic criteria to improve the value of histologic classification for the prediction of the biologic behavior of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Representative slides from 72 cone specimens containing CIN were examined to study the correlation between the presence of three group metaphases (TGMs), a morphologically well defined and light microscopically readily recognizable atypical mitotic figure, and the incidence of aneuploid cells with a nuclear DNA content greater than 5C. The numbers of cells greater than 5C (minus the polyploid cells 8C +/- 1C) were counted, using LEYTAS image cytometry on Cytospin preparations from the 72 blocks corresponding to the slides searched for TGMs and used for histologic classification of the lesions in classes CIN 1-3. It appeared that large numbers of aneuploid cells greater than 5C were more closely related to the presence of TGM than to a higher CIN class per se, particularly in women older than 35. Since aneuploid CIN has a higher progression rate than euploid CIN, the presence of TGMs will indicate a biologically unfavorable lesion. Thus, TGM deserves further investigation as an additional morphologic parameter for predicting the biologic behavior of CIN.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

alpha-Difluoromethylornithine alters calcium signaling in platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated A172 brain tumor cells in culture.

alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of the polyamine biosynthetic enzyme ornithine decarboxylase, inhibits the growth of brain tumor cell lines and is undergoing clinical trials as a treatment for brain tumors. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is thought to regulate the growth and development of precursors of both normal and neoplastic astrocytic cells; calcium signaling is thought to play a role in the transduction of PDGF signals. Using laser fluorescence image cytometry, flow cytometry, and spectrofluorometry, we studied the effect of DFMO on the calcium signals induced by PDGF in A172 human glioblastoma cells. Four days of treatment with 5 mM DFMO substantially shortened PDGF-induced calcium signals. The effect was reversed more than 10 h but less than 24 h after putrescine treatment, even though polyamines were repleted 4 h after putrescine and spermidine were added. DFMO did not substantially affect intracellular calcium release or the timing of the opening and closing of plasma membrane calcium channels. These findings support the notion that calcium signaling may be a target for inhibitors of polyamine metabolism.

Biogenic Polyamines↗
PubMed2003

[Microcytomorphometric video-image detection of nuclear chromatin in ovarian cancer].

UNLABELLED: Technology of detection of tissue preparates precisious evaluates contents of nuclear chromatine, largeness and shape of cellular nucleus, indicators of mitosis, DNA index, ploidy, phase-S fraction and other parameters. Methods of detection of picture are: microcytomorphometry video-image (MCMM-VI), flow, double flow and activated by fluorescence. Diagnostic methods of malignant neoplasm of ovary are still nonspecific and not precise, that is a reason of unsatisfied results of treatment. OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of microcytomorphometric measurements of nuclear chromatine histopathologic tissue preparates (HP) of ovarian cancer and comparison to normal ovarian tissue. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Estimated 10 paraffin embedded tissue preparates of serous ovarian cancer, 4 preparates mucinous cancer and 2 cases of tumor Kruckenberg patients operated in Clinic of Perinatology and Gynaecology Silesian Medical Academy in Zabrze in period 2001-2002, MCMM-VI estimation based on computer aided analysis system: microscope Axioscop 20, camera tv JVCTK-C 1380, CarlZeiss KS Vision 400 rel.3.0 software. Following MCMM-VI parameters assessed: count of pathologic nucleus, diameter of nucleus, area, min/max diameter ratio, equivalent circle diameter (Dcircle), mean of brightness (mean D), integrated optical density (IOD = area x mean D), DNA index and 2.5 c exceeding rate percentage (2.5 c ER%). MCMM-VI performed on the 160 areas of 16 preparates of cancer and 100 areas of normal ovarian tissue. Statistical analysis was performed by used t-Student test. RESULTS: We obtained stastistically significant higher values parameters of nuclear chromatine, DI, 2.5 c ER of mucinous cancer and tumor Kruckenberg comparison to serous cancer. MCMM-VI parameters of chromatine malignant ovarian neoplasm were statistically significantly higher than normal ovarian tissue. CONCLUSION: Cytometric and karyometric parametres of nuclear chromatine estimated MCMM-VI are useful in the diagnostics and prognosis of ovarian cancer.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed2004

Effects of lossy image compression on quantitative image analysis of cell nuclei.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether statistically significant changes occur in quantitative image analysis of cell nuclei when lossy image compression techniques are used. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-five stoichiometric, Feulgen-stained samples of rat hepatocytes, human thyroid and ovarian cancer cell nuclei were used. Image analysis was performed by a computerized system that used AutoCyte LINK V1.1.1.56 software (Burlington, North Carolina, U.S.A.) for image acquisition and Zeiss Vision KS 400 V3.0 software (Oberkochen, Germany) for quantitative image analysis. After lossy JPEG compression of acquired images at different quality levels, some densitometric features were selected and measurements performed. RESULTS: We observed that nearly all the standard densitometric features showed statistically significant changes when images were compressed with the lossy JPEG algorithm. However, most invariant densitometric moment features remained free of statistically significant changes. CONCLUSION: The standard densitometric measurements that we used do not tolerate lossy compression. However, analyses using invariant densitometric features may be performed on images compressed with lossy JPEG, resulting in simpler, less expensive systems demanding less network bandwidth.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Image morphometry of acute leukemias. Comparison between lymphoid and myeloid subtypes.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if image morphometry has any role in distinguishing blasts of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL-L2) from those of acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M1) and (AML-M2). STUDY DESIGN: Ten cases each of ALL-L2, AML-M1 and AML-M2 diagnosed according to the French-American-British criteria were studied. In all cases May-Grünwald-Giemsa-stained bone marrow aspiration smears were obtained. At least 100 blast cells from each case were subjected to analysis randomly with an image cytometer using Leica Quantimet 600 software (Cambridge, U.K.). The area, convex area, length, width, perimeter, convex perimeter, roundness, total optical density, average optical density and pixel grey value variance of the nuclei were measured by random selection of cells using a 40:1 objective (1 pixel = 0.446 micron). RESULTS: Mann Whitney's nonparametric test showed that there was considerable overlap of morphometric variables between the 3 subtypes. Though statistical significance was found in "roundness" between blasts of AML-M1 and ALL-L2, power analyses (sample size of 100 blasts of each subtype) did not show sufficient power for this variable. However, between blasts of ALL-L2 and AML-M2, "average optical density" and "pixel grey value variance" were statistically significant with full power using power analyses. CONCLUSION: Image morphometry may be helpful in differentiating blasts from lymphoid and myeloid leukemic subtypes.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed2004

Fractal dimension in aspiration cytology smears of breast and cervical lesions.

OBJECTIVE: To standardize the automated measurement of fractal dimension on cytologic smears and compare the fractal dimension of benign and malignant breast cells and cervical lesions on cytologic material to evaluate its role in the discrimination of benign from malignant cells. STUDY DESIGN: We randomly selected fine needle aspiration cytology smears of 42 cases of infiltrating duct carcinoma and 38 cases of fibroadenoma of the breast. Similarly, 16 cervical carcinoma and 20 normal cervical smears were selected for study. Ten cells were selected randomly from each case. Box counting of fractal dimension of malignant and benign cells was achieved with an image cytometer (Leica, Cambridge, England) using Quantimet 600 software (Leica). Then a well-spaced grid with multiple small boxes of a particular pixel length was superimposed on the cell. The dimension of the box was selected as 4, 8 and 16 pixels. With the help of a logical "AND" operation, we counted the number of boxes touching the peripheral margin of the cell nuclei. For each cell, the log-log graph of 1 per box size was plotted against the number of boxes touching the peripheral rim of the cell. The slope of each graph was identified using the least-squares method of regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean fractal dimension of malignant cells was 0.8536 +/- 0.1120 as compared to 0.8403 +/- 0.1115 in benign cell groups. The Mann-Whitney U test showed a significant difference in fractal dimension in these 2 groups (P = .05). The mean fractal dimension of malignant cells from the cervix was 0.8656 +/- 0.1499 as compared to 0.8315 +/- 0.1312 in benign cells. The Mann-Whitney U test showed a significant difference in fractal dimension in these 2 groups (P < .02). CONCLUSION: Fractal dimension may be a helpful adjunctive technique to discriminate between benign and malignant cells.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

[Polyploidy: significance for cardiomyocyte function and heart aerobic capacity].

Somatic polyploidy, defined as genome multiplication, was found in all differentiated mammalian tissues. The highest level of such a polyploidy was found in the myocardium. This phenomenon was shown to be associated with changes in the pattern of gene expression. Hence, polyploidization may create cells with new physiology. The effect of polyploidy on the heart function has never been studied. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of polyploidy on cardiomyocyte functioning and heart aerobic capacity. DNA and the total protein content, nucleolar activity reflecting the rate of rRNA synthesis and, consequently, ribosome biogenesis, were measured in ventricular myocytes isolated from the human and from 21 mammalian species by image cytometry and microscopic morphometry. The total protein content was estimated after staining slides with naphtol-yellow dye. For measurement of DNA and nucleolar area, staining with Hoechst and AgNO3 was applied. Cardiac aerobic capacity was evaluated by the heart mass to body mass ratio. A negative correlation between the heart index and the average cell ploidy was revealed (r = -0.79; P < 0.0001). The average genome number per myocyte was registered to be higher by approximately 35% in the sedentary mammals, with the heart index about 0.4% from body mass, than in the athletes with heart index about 0.6% of body mass. Polyploidization was shown to be associated with a sharp decrease in the protein/DNA ratio in cardiomyocytes. As a result, cardiomyocytes in the athletic mammals with poorly polyploid hearts have much higher protein content per genome than do cells in the sedentary species with highly polyploid hearts. Surprisingly, despite decreased protein/DNA ratio, the nucleolar area per genome significantly increased with polyploidization, indicating the imbalance between the cellular protein content and the rate of ribosome biogenesis. Such an imbalance should obviously impair cardiac function, because the additional genomes take some valuable space and biological resources from the cell, which could have been otherwise directed to the maintenance of cardiomyocyte contractile machinery. It is generally accepted that somatic polyploidy is associated with oxidative stress and energetic starvation. Thus, we suppose that additional genomes may serve for cardiomyocyte protection from oxidative damage in the hearts.

Animals↗