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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

The chemotherapy of rodent malaria, XXXII. The influence of p-aminobenzoic acid on the transmission of Plasmodium yoelii and P. berghei by Anopheles stephensi.

More oocysts of Plasmodium yoelii developed in Anopheles stephensi if the mosquitoes received a supplement of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in their diet prior to their taking an infective blood meal, than in unsupplemented control insects. The optimum concentration was 0.05% PABA in 10% sucrose. This effect was not observed if the blood meal was taken prior to feeding with PABA. Similarly, PABA administered to gametocyte-carrying mice increased the numbers of oocysts developing in mosquitoes fed on them subsequently, the effect also being dose dependent, and not mediated through an increase in gametocyte numbers. Sulphadoxine (which blocks PABA uptake) had the opposite action, reducing the numbers of oocysts either when fed directly to the mosquitoes or to the donor mice. These results are compared with those reported in other host-parasite systems by earlier workers, and certain paradoxical observations are discussed with reference to a possible relationship between sulphonamides and contaminating microorganisms in the vector mosquitoes.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1978

Light trap studies on Simulium damnosum s.l. in Northern Ghana.

The results of light trapping S. damnosum s.l. in northern Ghana during both the wet and dry season are given. It is considered that some flight activity takes place throughtout the night at both seasons. Flies in different physiological states behave differently and gravid females and newly emerged flies appear to be strongly phototactic. There is little evidence to suggest that light trapping is likely to be useful for the capture of blood engorged flies and for the routine monitoring of S. damnosum populations. Further work on the use of light traps in Stimulium studies is required.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Comparative repellent properties of certain chemicals against mosquitoes, house flies and cockroaches using modified techniques.

Several terpenoids were assessed for their repellent/toxic properties against mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti), house flies (Musca domestica) and cockroaches (Periplaneta americana). Impregnated wide mesh netting was used in the case of the Dipterans, while treated filtered paper was employed for the bioassays with cockroaches. Persistence of the repellent chemicals was studied. Doses ranged from 5-20 gm/M2 for the Dipterans and 25-100 mg per 4 x 4 cm filter paper for the cockroaches. Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) offered the maximum protection of the chemicals tested against mosquitoes but was not so effective against house flies and cockroaches. Citral and Eugenol were effective against all the three test insects. Other test compounds afforded varying degrees of protection. Application strategy and utility of the findings are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Isolation and sequencing of insecticidal peptides from the primitive hunting spider, Plectreurys tristis (Simon).

About 50 peptide toxins were purified from venom of the primitive hunting spider, Plectreurys tristis. Bioassay by injection into larval Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm) allowed selection of nine toxins for analysis of amino acid sequences. Total sequences were determined for six of the more insecticidal peptides (46-49 amino acids) and three contained free carboxyl-terminal amino acids. These toxins (plectoxins) are paralytic and/or lethal when injected into insect pests such as the lepidopterous larvae H. virescens, Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm), and Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm). We expect these plectoxins to be useful in insect control after delivery by a suitable agent such as a recombinant baculovirus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Laboratory evaluation of two commercial repellants against Leptotrombidium fletcheri (Acari: Trombiculidae).

Two commercial repellants were evaluated in the laboratory against Leptotrombidium fletcheri chiggers. The active ingredient in one was DEET and in the other was citrus oil. Excito-toxicity effect was studied and it was determined by the time ("escape time") chiggers took to move off filter papers treated with the repellants. All chiggers exposed on filter papers treated with DEET died and did not move off the treated papers. None of the chiggers that were placed on papers treated with citrus oil were killed. Escape times on papers treated with a 2-sec spray of citrus oil were longer than those for the 4- and 8-sec sprays. The weights of citrus oil deposited increased with increasing spray times. Electron microscopy showed that the repellants had no effect on the texture of the filter papers. It was concluded that the spray containing DEET was more effective; however, both repellants should be further evaluated under field conditions for protection against chigger bites.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Bionomics of vector anophelines in District Naini Tal, Uttar Pradesh.

Breeding behaviour and seasonal prevalence of vector anopheline in different habitats associated with rice land agroecosystem of terai and bhabar area of District Naini Tal was studied from July 1992 to June 1994. Adult prevalence in both the areas shows two distinct An. fluviatilis peaks in the months of March and October and the breeding places for the species were pokhars in bhabar and stream and irrigation drains in terai. Prevalence of adult An. culicifacies was observed during July to August in bhabar and April and August in terai. In bhabar high immature density of An. culicifacies was noted mainly in tanks, pokhars and paddy fields (early transplantation period). In terai high immature density of An. culicifacies was noted in stream, while low in paddy fields. Higher prevalence of immatures and adult anopheline vectors coincide with peak malaria incidence in both the areas. In bhabar in the months of August and September large number of malaria cases were contributed by An. culicifacies and in November by An. fluviatilis. In terai, malaria cases in April and from June to September were contributed by An. culicifacies, whereas An. fluviatilis might be responsible for transmission in October.

Animals↗