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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Aloin, cinnamic acid and sophorcarpidine are potent inhibitors of tyrosinase.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of aloin, cinnamic acid and 15 other kinds of natural chemicals on the activity of tyrosinase, in order to provide lightening agents in the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders and cosmetic additives. METHODS: Tyrosinase activity was estimated by measuring the oxidation rate of L-dopa. Inhibition of the enzyme was deduced according to the Lineweaver-Burk plots compared to the control. RESULTS: Cadabine, paeonal, farrerol, evodin, cinnamic acid, aloin and sophorcarpidine had different levels of inhibition of tyrosinase. The inhibitory rates of cinnamic acid (2 mmol/L, 0.5 mmol/L), aloin (2 mmol/L) and the rest were significantly higher than that of hydroquinone (0.5 mmol/L) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Tyrosinase activity can be greatly inhibited by cinnamic acid, aloin and sophorcarpidine, of which sophorcarpidine functions as an uncompetitive inhibitor, compared to aloin and cinnamic acid, which are mixed-type inhibitors.

Cinnamates↗
PubMed2003

Peculiar pattern of nail pigmentation following cyclophosphamide therapy.

Cyclophosphamide is one of several cancer chemotherapy agents that can cause nail hyperpigmentation. We report a patient who began to have an unusual form of nail pigmentation after 8 months of receiving monthly pulses of dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide. The patient developed nail pigmentation that started proximally and spread distally but involved only the nails of the thumb, index finger, and half the middle finger of both hands.

Cyclophosphamide↗
PubMed1992

[Acquired atrophic pigmented band-like lesions following Blaschko's lines].

Over a seventeen years period we observed 5 patients presenting with very similar lesions the equivalent of which we could not find in the literature. These were pigmented and more or less atrophic bands which exactly followed Blaschko's lines. The lesions appeared during childhood or adolescence, between the ages of 6 and 20 years and always were unilateral. In all cases they were located on the trunk where they formed a recumbent "S" pattern characteristic of Blaschko's lines. They often started 3 to 6 cm away from the posterior midline and ended precisely on the anterior midline. These bands varied in number and in 3 out of 5 cases they were associated with pigmented atrophic bands or lines on the limbs of the same side. The intensity of pigmentation and atrophy was variable. The lesions were asymptomatic and only caused a cosmetic prejudice. They were perfectly fixed, and during a 2 to 30 years observation period they remained unmodified. The five skin biopsies performed on 3 patients showed no abnormality of the epidermis other than irregular and moderate hyperpigmentation of its deep part. In the dermis, there was no distinct pigment incontinence, no inflammation and no alteration of connective tissue texture; the elastic network was invariably normal. The impression of skin atrophy was not due to true dermal hypoplasia and perhaps corresponded to atrophy of the subcutaneous cellular tissue. No biological disturbance was observed. These lesions can easily be distinguished from epidermic naevi, incontinentia pigmenti and areas of hypoplastic dermis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Cutaneous pigmentation induced by minocycline: ultrastructural analysis and X-ray microanalysis].

The authors report a case of cutaneous pigmentation induced by minocycline. The patient (aged 59) presented with a bluish-grey pigmentation on her face, legs and nails. She had been receiving minocycline for 8 years for asthma. The cumulative dose was 400 g. Skin biopsy specimens from the pigmented areas were examined by light and electron microscopy. Light microscopy displayed hyperpigmentation with Fontana's stain in the dermis, macrophages and basal layer of the epidermis. Electron microscopy showed an increase in melanosomes within the basal keratinocytes, and dense granules in macrophages of the dermis. An X-ray microanalysis of the electron-dense granules showed the presence of larger quantities of iron and smaller quantities of sulphur and calcium. The different types of pigmentation are reviewed. Several pigments are thought to be responsible for the pigmentation but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Female↗
PubMed1956

Surgical planing of the skin; complications and reevaluation of indications.

One hundred plastic planing operations on the skin by means of a motor-driven wire brush were reviewed. Complications noted were pruritic erythematous eczematous dermatitis on a possible autosensitization basis, hyperpigmentation and milia. These occurred in a small proportion of cases and in no case were they permanent sequelae. Flat postacne scarring is more easily improved than steep "ice-pick" type scars. The planing procedure is contraindicated in the management of certain tumors of the skin, portwine nevi, decorative tattoos, and generalized dermadromes. The psychiatric and emotional impact of the patient's scarring on his personality is often a great one and the operator must bear in mind that plastic planing is no panacea for a severely neurotic patient. Therefore it is important that patients be carefully selected and that improvement rather than complete cure be stressed.

Animals↗
PubMed1961

Graded abrasion--a treatment for acne.

Long term continuous superficial abrasion with abrasive compounds of various degrees of roughness was used over an 11-year period in over 1,500 patients with acne of all types. The following observations were made:* That when a material with a specific abrasive quality is used for a period, desquamation stops despite continued use of the material, and then use of material of the next higher degree of roughness is indicated until the patient's skin is blackhead-free and minutely flaky.* When long term continuous superficial graded abrasion is used alone or with other treatment, it permits the young patients to outgrow the disease with little or no scarring.* The routine of abrasive washing seems in a large measure to replace the constant fingering of lesions by the patient.* No untoward effects were observed clinically. There was no hyperpigmentation of Negro or Caucasian skins.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2004

[Cutaneous symptoms of zinc deficiency in adults].

Malabsorption is frequently accompanied by skin symptoms, which are the most likely first manifestation of the disease. Skin lesions are mainly due to the deficiency of zinc, different vitamins, minerals, essential aminoacids, and other nutrients. The present paper demonstrates 3 patients with different types of skin symptoms primarily related to zinc deficiency, which occur in gastrointestinal diseases and alcohol abuse (acrodermatitis enteropathica, eczema craquele, hyperpigmentation).

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Iron storage disease].

Iron overload causes impaired function of tissues and organs due to the increased iron storage in them. Hereditary hemochromatosis is the most frequent hereditary metabolic disorder, with lethal outcome without treatment. The genetic disorder is a mutation on the short arm of the 6. chromosome, which resulted a cysteine-tyrosine substitution on the 282. amino acid position (C282Y). This mutation is less frequent in the non-Caucasian population, in opposition to the other reported mutation (H63D). The risk of the development of the disease is the highest in people who are C282Y homozygotes or C282Y/H63D compound heterozygotes. The prevalence of hemochromatosis is 1.5-5.9 per thousand. Liver disease/cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus and hyperpigmentation are the classic signs of the disease. Primer hepatocellular cancer occurs in 30% of patients with liver cirrhosis, that it is the most common cause of death among them. The diagnosis is based on the detection of iron overload (transferrin saturation, serum ferritin level, iron concentration of the liver tissue) and on the genetic examinations. Early diagnosis makes the causal therapy possible, which is the removal of the iron excess by phlebotomy. Furthermore, the early detection of iron overload allows of prevention of the development of the disease. Based in these facts population screening seems to be necessary and cost-effective, but further studies are required to determine the exact screening strategy.

Aspartic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnostic traps in porphyria: case report and literature review.

Porphyrias are metabolic disorders of heme biosynthesis, which encompass a broad range of symptoms and signs, neurologic, cutaneous or mixed. Because of lack of specificity and polymorphous clinical picture, porphyrias can mimic either neuropsychiatric, dermatologic, or gastrointestinal diseases. We present the case of a 58 years old man to whom clinical presentation suspicious of Addison's disease (melanoderma, fatigue, weight loss, intermittent abdominal pain) was the disguise of porphyria cutanea tarda. A general background of porphyrias and differential diagnosis with other forms of hepatic porphyria, as well as other causes of hyperpigmentation, are given. The clinician should be aware of the protean manifestations of porphyrias and include them in clinical judgment in various situations.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed2005

X-linked reticulate pigmentary layer. Report of a new patient and demonstration of a skewed X-inactivation.

We report a boy, born to healthy first cousin parents, with diffuse hyperpigmentation of the skin and guttate hypomelanotic lesions, photophobia, abnormal hair, developmental delay, and recurrent bronchitis. Skin histology showed pigmentation incontinence with numerous melanophages. Electron microscopy showed a very high number of melanosomes and some degenerating keratinocytes. These features correspond to a rare genodermatosis, the X-linked reticulate pigmentary disorder with systemic manifestations. Skewed X-inactivation patterns were detected in the mother's lymphocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Considerations for treating acne in ethnic skin.

Patients with ethnic skin are at an increased risk for developing postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) and keloid scarring subsequent to acne lesions. Treatment approaches for acne in darker skinned patients must balance early aggressive intervention with the selection of efficacious and nonirritating agents. Most patients with prominent or long-lasting PIH will require treatment with a topical retinoid and hydroquinone, the gold standard in the treatment of PIH. Keloids may be treated with surgical excision, but the rate of recurrence can be as high as 50%. Successful management of ethnic skin with acne can be achieved with the appropriate combination drug regimen and good patient compliance. For best results, clinicians should manage the entire grooming regimen of the skin and hair of their ethnic patients.

Acne Keloid↗
PubMed2005

[Non-melanocytic dischromias].

Non-melanocytic hyperpigmentations (dyschromias), besides common melanotic ones, develop mostly due to the skin reaction to various chemicals and/or drugs of exogenous origin. They can be however also caused by some endogenously formed (evolving) intermediates of several metabolic diseases. The above mentioned factors are of toxic or allergic character and their clinical dermal manifestation often occurs as an allergic reaction after the exposition of the skin to solar radiation, or as a toxic contact reaction both on the skin and the mucosa. As a therapy of individual skin changes is difficult or impossible, the only treatment consists in reliable photoprotective measures.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

[Reasons for consulting related to skin-bleaching products used by 104 women in Brazzaville].

A prospective survey has been carried out in the Brazzaville (Congo) dermatology service in order to specify dermatosis linked to the use of bleaching agents in 104 Congolese women consulting for this problem. The used bleaching agents were topical corticoids based products for 40 cases, hydroquinone for 32 cases, and hydroquinone associated with topical dermocorticoids for 32 cases. Acne was the most frequent motive for consulting (24%), followed by the paradoxical peri-orbital hyperpigmentation (21.1%), profuse mycosis (16.3%) and vibices(8.6%). The results of this survey were not superimposable to those of Dakar where infectious dermatosis were the first reason for consulting.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2006

[A Case of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome showing resolution with Helicobacter pylori eradication and omeprazole].

We describe a 58-year-old woman who was incidentally found to have gastric and colonic polyposis, hypoalbuminemia, cutaneous hyperpigmentation and onychodystrophy (Cronkhite-Canada syndrome). Histology of polyps from the stomach showed features of juvenile or retention type (hamartomatous) polyps with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The large pedunculated colonic polyps showed hamartomatous polyps with adenomatous component and polypectomy was performed. After the treatment with H. pylori eradication and omeprazole, the gastric polyposis, hypoalbuminemia and anemia regressed, and endoscopic polypectomy of gastric polyps were performed. After the continuous use of omeprazole for 14 months, the patient showed complete resolution of clinical features of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome. The experience of this case suggests that eradication of H. pylori and proton pump inhibitor treatment might be considered in patients with gastric polyposis combined with Cronkhite-Canada syndrome.

Anti-Ulcer Agents↗
PubMed2006

The evolution of azelaic acid.

Azelaic acid (AzA) is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid that has a long and complex history in the treatment of skin disorders. We summarize research on AzA from the past 25 years and follow its progress from a treatment of hyperpigmentation to a therapy for acne vulgaris and inflammatory (papulopustular) rosacea.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Drug-induced dermatological pathology in renal transplantation patients].

The broad spectrum of muco-cutaneous manifestations of renal transplantation patients correlates mainly with immunosuppressive therapy. Our study refers to 56 patients with renal transplantation (29 women and 27 men) followed up in the Dialysis and Renal Transplantation Center of Parhon University Hospital Iaşi from November 2000 till October 2003. The most frequent muco-cutaneous manifestations were: infectious complications in 18 cases (32.1%), gum hyperplasia in 14 cases(25%), acne in 11 cases (19.6%), skin hyperpigmentation in 7 cases (12.5%), oral candidiasis in 6 cases (10.7%), vascular fragility in 5 cases (8.9%), hypertrichosis in 5 cases (8.9%), itching in 3 cases (5.3%), facial erythema in 3 cases (5.3%), full-moon facies in 3 cases (5.3%). These manifestations, often with unclear pathogenesis, are dose-related and almost unavoidable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Topical steroid abuse: its use as a depigmenting agent.

This study was undertaken to document prevalence, motives and observed complications of steroid use as a depigmenting agent amongst African blacks in southeast Nigeria. This practice is very common in the African environment. Consecutive new patients attending the dermatology clinic of the University of Nigeria TeachingHospital, Enugu, from June to December 2004 were recruited. Active substances of products used were determined from packages, while unknown concoctions were analyzed. Chi-squared and Fischer tests were used for statistical analysis, with a significant threshold fixed at 5%. Females aged 18-69 years accounted for 75% (414) of patients. Main topical steroids used by both women and men were class-1 steroids, and these were often compounded with other bleaching products. Median duration of usage was 9 years +/- 1.3. Disorders observed included steroid-induced acne (45.3%), macular hyperpigmentation of face (37.2%), mycoses (40.4%), striae (28.3%), telangiectasis (21.3%), hypertrichosis (13.9%) and diabetes mellitus (2.1%). Duration of utilization of these topical steroids was significantly associated with severe local and systemic consequences, while withdrawal of the offending steroids usually resulted in severe withdrawal dermatitis that was unpleasant to patients. This may suggest that discontinuation is impossible.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2006

[Diagnostic image (303). A deeply tanned woman].

A 50-year-old woman complained of nausea, diarrhoea, tiredness and dizziness five weeks after a visit to Egypt. She was deeply tanned with hyperpigmentation on the metacarpophalangeal joints, palm of hand creases and buccal mucosa, due to Addison's disease.

Addison Disease↗