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Results for “Homeless Persons”

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PubMed1984

Is homelessness a mental health problem?

Seventy-eight homeless men, women, and children staying at an emergency shelter were interviewed. The vast majority were found to have severe psychological illnesses that largely remained untreated. Approximately 91% were given primary psychiatric diagnoses: About 40% had psychoses, 29% were chronic alcoholics, and 21% had personality disorders. Approximately one-third had been hospitalized for psychiatric care. The authors discuss the relationship of mental health policy to the homeless and suggest that shelters have become alternative institutions to meet the needs of mentally ill people who are no longer cared for by departments of mental health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Discriminators of suicide thoughts and attempts among homeless veterans who abuse substances.

Six hundred homeless military veterans who abused substances were examined to determine what factors discriminate between nonsuicidal veterans, those who had suicidal thoughts, and persons who had attempted suicide. Several factors were considered based on attachment theory, including caregiver attachment, sexual abuse, physical abuse, resilience, self-efficacy, and self-esteem. Suicide attempters were discriminated from others by psychiatric comorbidity, early abuse, severity of substance abuse, and longevity of drug use. In contrast, the discriminators between nonsuicidal homeless substance abusers and others were elements of attachment and commitments such as marriage, employment, and religiosity. Some implications of the findings for intervention are discussed.

Comorbidity↗
PubMed2000

Homelessness and gender in out-of-treatment drug users.

This study examines 5225 out-of-treatment crack users and drug injectors drawn from five different geographic areas to examine selected factors associated with homelessness. Of these crack users, 27% considered themselves undomiciled, and 60% had previously entered some type of drug treatment. Logistic regression found that substance abusers who were married, female, and persons of color were less likely to be without a home when other variables were controlled. Trading sex for money and perceived chance of getting acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were associated positively with homelessness, while participating in methadone detoxification and methadone maintenance programs seemed to offer some protection from homelessness.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2000

[Homeless men in inpatient psychiatric treatment--a controlled study. 2: Effects of treatment].

OBJECTIVE: This study examines the objective and the subjectively reported state of health in a regional representative sample of homeless men (n = 50) at time of admission into a psychiatric hospital and shortly before discharge and compares the results with a control group (matched by diagnosis) of non-homeless men. METHOD AND PATIENTS: The BPRS and the SF-12 Health survey were administered. The main psychiatric diagnosis (ICD-10) were alcohol or drug addiction (84%), schizophrenic disorders (14%) and personality disorders (2%). RESULTS: The median of hospitalisation was 26 days with no significant differences between the two groups. At discharge outpatient treatment was planned for only 16% of the homeless patients but for 40% of the controls. There was a significant improvement in symptoms and self reported state of health. On admission and discharge thought disturbance and a positive self-rating of mental health were significantly correlated. CONCLUSIONS: Against the wide-spread clinical prejudice that inpatient treatment of homeless mentally ill men is not effective our results show that the objective state of health as well as the self-perceived mental and physical health was improved by a regular psychiatric in-patient treatment. The results furthermore indicate the limitations of inpatient treatment the need for outpatient treatment programmes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Differences in health and welfare between homeless and homed welfare applicants in Los Angeles County.

Studies of homelessness have rarely addressed the differences between homed and homeless groups. Such differences may have significant impacts for subgroups of the homeless population, especially the mentally disabled homeless. This paper examines the characteristics of a sample of homed and homeless welfare applicants (N = 372) in Los Angeles County based on a recent survey conducted by the Department of Public and Social Services. First, a social geography of the homed and homeless is presented. Second, an analysis of these survey data indicates that these two populations differ in terms of demographic characteristics, types of employment, and access to institutional and social support. These results suggest that greater institutional and social support, labor market access, and stable and affordable housing resources are all necessary elements in policy which prevents and ameliorates homelessness.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Price elasticity of demand for malt liquor beer: findings from a US pilot study.

Our objective is to estimate the relative price elasticity of demand for malt liquor beer (MLB), regular beer, hard liquor, and a combined group of all other alcoholic beverages. Three hundred and twenty-nine alcohol consumers (mostly male) in South-Central Los Angeles answered a series of questions pertaining to expected consumption responses to hypothetical price increases. We found that based on a 10% price increase, the mean price elasticity of demand (% change in quantity demanded / % change in price) was -0.79 for MLB drinkers, -1.14 for regular beer drinkers, -1.11 for hard liquor drinkers, and -1.69 for the combined group of all other drinkers. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the personal characteristics significantly related to being a MLB drinker were older age, not working, being homeless, and a daily drinker. Daily (or nearly daily) drinkers were more likely to be married, earning lower incomes, and hard liquor drinkers. This study is the first to investigate the price elasticity of demand for MLB drinkers and other heavy alcohol consumers in poor urban neighborhoods of the US. Future research can use the methods from this pilot study to more rigorously examine and compare the price sensitivity among heavy drinking groups.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Paradigm lost? Reconsidering health psychology.

Critical health psychology (CHP) is seen as entangled in the dilemma of where to locate itself in two ways: first, inside the original discipline-health psychology-or outside and in confrontation to it. Second, in the field of related disciplines like medical sociology and (new) public health. Drawing parallels to earlier discussions in medical sociology, CHP is seen in an ambiguous intention of being critical to health psychology and of becoming a professional field in health psychology. CHP has difficulties making itself distinct from new public health approaches. Two examples of research are briefly mentioned. They address health concepts of health professionals and representations and practices concerning health of homeless adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Prevalence of violent victimisation in severe mental illness.

BACKGROUND: Since de-institutionalisation, much has been written about the risk posed to the community by those with severe mental illness. However, violent victimisation of people with mental illnesses has received little attention. AIMS: To establish the 1-year prevalence of violent victimisation in community-dwelling patients with psychosis and to identify the socio-demographic and clinical correlates of violent victimisation. METHOD: A total of 691 subjects with established psychotic disorders were interviewed. The past-year prevalence of violent victimisation was estimated and compared with general population figures. Those who reported being violently victimised were compared with those who did not on a range of social and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: Sixteen per cent of patients reported being violently victimised. Victims of violence were significantly more likely to report severe psychopathological symptoms, homelessness, substance misuse and previous violent behaviour and were more likely to have a comorbid personality disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Those with psychosis are at considerable risk of violent victimisation in the community. Victimisation experience should be recorded in the standard psychiatric interview.

Adolescent↗