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PubMed1984

Cognitive characteristics and homosexuality.

There have been many studies of psychological characteristics of homosexuals, but cognitive characteristics have been relatively neglected. This study investigated the verbal intelligence of 20 homosexual males, 20 heterosexual males, and 20 females, taking into account variables likely to affect verbal ability such as social class and handedness. There were no differences in overall IQ, but group differences in verbal and nonverbal ability were marked. No other differences between the groups were found. The implications are briefly discussed.

Cognition↗
PubMed1984

A comparison of structural patterns of sexual arousal in male and female homosexuals.

Patterns of sexual arousal were examined for eight male and eight female homosexuals. Comparisons were made in terms of physiological and subjective arousal. The results indicate that for each group there exists very distinct arousal responses, with each group showing the greatest response to same-gender homosexual activity. Results are discussed in relationship to establishing normative data for assessment and clinical function.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Neuroendocrine response to estrogen and brain differentiation in heterosexuals, homosexuals, and transsexuals.

Since 1964, we have found positive estrogen feedback to be a relatively sex-specific reaction of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system in rats as well as in human beings. It is dependent on the estrogen-convertible androgen level during sexual brain differentiation and also on estrogen priming in adulthood. The lower the estrogen-convertible androgen or primary estrogen level during brain differentiation, the higher the evocability of a positive estrogen action on LH secretion in later life. In clinical studies, we induced a positive estrogen feedback luteinizing hormone secretion in most intact homosexual men, in clear-cut contrast to intact heterosexual or bisexual men. In addition, the evocability of a positive estrogen feedback was also demonstrable in most homosexual male-to-female transsexuals in significant contrast to hetero-or bisexual male-to-female transsexuals. The following relations have been found between sex hormone levels during brain differentiation and sex-specific responses in adulthood: (i) Estrogens, which are mostly converted from androgens, are responsible for the sex-specific organization of gonadotropin secretion and hence the evocability of a positive estrogen feedback in later life; (ii) both estrogens and androgens, occurring during brain differentiation, predetermine sexual orientation, and (iii) androgens, without conversion to estrogens, are responsible for the sex-specific organization of gender role behavior. Furthermore, the organization periods for sex-specific gonadotropin secretion, sexual orientation, and gender role behavior are not identical but overlapping. Thus, combinations as well as dissociations between deviation of the neuroendocrine organization of sex-specific gonadotropin secretion, sexual orientation, and gender role behavior may occur.

Brain↗
PubMed1993

Homosexuality and bisexuality in different populations.

The general public as well as the scientific community have use for accurate data on the size(s) of the heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual populations. Uses include political, legal, medical, and social. The data upon which the typically used figures are dependent have come under scrutiny. This review of studies from the U.S. and elsewhere indicate that it is unreasonable to consider the often-used figure of 10% of the male population as more or less regularly engaging in same-sex activities. The figure is closer to half that. And the figure for the lesbian population is even smaller. Further, routinely exclusive or predominantly exclusive homosexual activities are more common than bisexual activities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Retrospective distortion in homosexual research.

Two possible levels of bias have been reported with regard to recall of human sexual behavior. A third level is postulated, that of bias in line with societal expectations. Looking at Australian and Swedish homosexual men, significant differences were found in recall of opposite-sex childhood play expectations independent of relationships with parents. It is concluded that sex-role rigidity and attitudes toward homosexuality may play an important part in these differences.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Sex of interviewer, place of interview, and responses of homosexual men to sensitive questions.

Effects of sex of interviewer and place of interview on the responses of 57 AIDS patients and 145 other homosexual men were studied. Data on sensitive topics were collected by five male and three female medical officers at places convenient to respondents. Male physicians recorded fellatio more frequently, but female physicians recorded younger ages of initiating homosexual activities and more frequent use of certain recreational drugs. These differences apparently were due to different patterns of sexual contact and drug use in four cities. Patients with AIDS tended to be interviewed in hospitals and doctors' offices, other men tended to be interviewed in hotel rooms, and patients tended to be different from other men. After adjustments were made for confounding, sex of interviewer and place of interview seemed to have little influence on the answers obtained.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1978

Age and sexual culture among homosexually oriented males.

It is here argued that the thesis has been overgeneralized that the culture of homosexually oriented males is heavily youth oriented. It is suggested that any "youth orientedness" is due to their largely single "marital status" rather than to sexual orientation. Utilizing data from 243 males from the Detroit area, several qualifications to the thesis of youth orientedness are indicated. It was found that a majority of males aged 18-24 prefer a male partner who is older, a majority of those aged 25-34 years prefer a same-age person, and 50% of theose over 35 prefer a younger partner. These relationships were found to be especially strong among those segments of the sample who attend gay bars infrequently or who are of lower occupational levels. Also, higher occupational status was found to be associated with preference for the younger, independent of age. It is suggested that, because of the heterogeneity of the male homosexual community, the degree of emphasis of youth will be found to vary with social setting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Homosexuality in families of boys with early effeminate behavior: an epidemiological study.

In the course of a long-term study of 55 boys with early effeminate (cross-gender) behavior an effort was also made to ascertain the presence of sexual deviance in their parents, siblings, uncles, and aunts. For most of these groups of relatives, only one to three members in each group were found to be homosexual, equaling 4% male and 1% female for the total test population. Compared to similar studies, the results were not too different except in the case of the siblings of one study where the incidence was much higher. Some evidence is considered for the speculation of a nongenetic, congenital cause of homosexuality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Measurement of sexual arousal in male homosexuals: effects of instructions and stimulus modality.

Erections were measured in 20 male homosexual subjects under three instructional conditions and within three stimulus modalities. The three conditions were arousal (e.g., imagine yourself involved and get aroused), suppression (e.g., imagine yourself involved bu suppress erection responses), and rearousal (e.g., imagine yourself involved and get aroused). The three stimulus modalities studied were video tapes, slides or pictures, and audio tapes of homosexual cues. The results show that video tape generates the highest level of arousal, audio tape the lowest level of arousal, and slides an intermediate level. Both video tape and slides show substantial voluntary suppression effects. During suppression, video tape continues to elicit relatively high levels of arousal in contrast to slides and audio tapes, which are equally low.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Handedness in homosexual and heterosexual men in the Kinsey interview data.

The relationship between sexual orientation and handedness in a large sample of men was examined. Subjects were 6544 nondelinquent men interviewed by the Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction from 1938 to 1963. Subjects were classified as either homosexual (n = 1004) or heterosexual (n = 4579). Results failed to demonstrate a difference in handedness, with both groups having rates of non-right-handedness (i.e., 11-12%) approximately equal to establish norms. These findings do not replicate some recent studies indicating an increased level of non-right-handedness in homosexual men.

Functional Laterality↗
PubMed1990

Sexual fantasies of heterosexual and homosexual men.

Heterosexual men and homosexual men rated how arousing different sexual fantasies were and how often they had used these fantasies over the previous year. Within each group, sensual and genital same-orientation fantasies were more arousing than either public-sex or dominance-submissive fantasies, which in turn were more arousing than aggressive-sex fantasies. For both heterosexual and homosexual men the extent to which a fantasy was arousing correlated with the person's experience of the activity depicted in the fantasy. The frequency of use of a fantasy correlated positively with its arousal level but not always substantially so. The results are discussed in the context of the mediating role of fantasy in human sexual arousal.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Intraepithelial carcinoma of the anus in homosexual men.

Anal warts (condylomata acuminata) from seven homosexual men revealed intraepithelial carcinoma (carcinoma in situ) within the condylomatous tissue or in adjacent anal mucosa. All lesions displayed morphologic evidence of papillomavirus infection and two of the seven revealed histologic changes characteristic of herpes simplex infection. This association of viral infection with malignant transformation indicates that persistent or recurrent anal warts should be excised and thoroughly examined by histologic techniques. Since four of the seven patients had histories suspicious for or diagnostic of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), we further suggest that homosexual men with persistent or recurrent perianal lesions be evaluated for the presence of the syndrome.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parasitic infections in asymptomatic homosexual men: cost-effective screening.

The purpose of this study was to develop a cost-effective strategy for screening for enteric protozoan infections in homosexual men without gastrointestinal symptoms suggesting infection. One hundred and one homosexual men in Portland, Oregon, each submitted at least one unpurged stool sample; 91% submitted three samples each. Of these, 27% had Entamoeba histolytica, 61% had nonpathogenic protozoa with or without E. histolytica, 36% had a nonpathogen alone, and 3% had Giardia lamblia. Protozoan infection was highly associated with the practice of anilingus (p less than 0.005). Infection with E. histolytica correlated significantly with the presence of nonpathogenic protozoa (p less than 0.005). The following screening strategy was judged to be the most cost-effective: examine one sample first; if E. histolytica is found or if the sample is negative, no further investigation is required; if a nonpathogen is found, one additional sample should be obtained. This strategy had a sensitivity for E. histolytica of 85% and a cost of $136 per case detected.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Detection of several Mycoplasma species at various anatomical sites of homosexual men.

In order to determine the colonisation patterns of several Mycoplasma species in homosexual men, urethral, oral and rectal specimens from 10 homosexual men with acute non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) and 18 without NGU were examined using sensitive methods. Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum existed in both groups, which is in keeping with previous studies of heterosexual men. Mycoplasma genitalium was detected in the rectum of both NGU-positive and NGU-negative men and in the urethra of one man with chlamydia-negative NGU, but not in those without urethritis. Mycoplasma fermentans was found in the throat and rectum only and Mycoplasma penetrans in all three anatomical sites. In contrast, Mycoplasma pirum was found in the rectum only, that is, in 5 of the 28 men studied. Infrequent examination of this site is a possible explanation for previous failures to detect Mycoplasma pirum at a mucosal surface.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Number of risk acts by relationship status and partner serostatus: Findings from the HIM cohort of homosexually active men in Sydney, Australia.

In recent years, increases in both risk behavior and in seroconversion among homosexually active men have been noted in a number of parts of the world. Data were available from 903 HIV negative homosexual men regarding number of acts of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI), separated into receptive and insertive UAI, with and without ejaculation, with steady and with casual partners. Partners were classified according to serostatus as reported by respondents. Men (N = 325) reported 13,692 UAI acts, most of which were with steady partners, of whom most were reported to be HIV-negative. With HIV-positive partners, both steady and casual, and with casual partners of unknown serostatus, receptive UAI with ejaculation was relatively rare. Insertive UAI without ejaculation was relatively common with casual partners of unknown serostatus. Patterns of UAI suggest that risk of transmission may be greater with steady partners. Men appear to modify practice according to both the nature of the relationship (steady or casual) and (assumed) serostatus of partner.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Impact of CCR5 Delta32/+ deletion on herpes zoster among HIV-1-infected homosexual men.

The association between the presence of CCR5 Delta32 heterozygosity and incidence of clinical herpes zoster was studied among 296 homosexual men from the Amsterdam cohort study (ACS) infected with human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) with an estimated date of seroconversion. Of them 63 were CCR5 Delta32 heterozygotes and 233 CCR5 wild-type. The incidence rate of a first episode of herpes zoster was 4.2% and 5.3% per person-year, respectively. A higher occurrence of herpes zoster was strongly related to a lower CD4 + cell count. After adjustment for age, presence of CCR2b 64I heterozygosity, HIV RNA load, time since seroconversion, and CD4 + cell count, the rate ratio for herpes zoster of CCR5 Delta32 was 0.9 (95%CI 0.5-1.6). In conclusion, in HIV-1-infected homosexual men, a CCR5 Delta32 heterozygous genotype has no protective effect on the incidence of herpes zoster.

HIV-1↗
PubMed2000

Prevalence of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus RNA and anti-E2 glycoprotein antibodies in homosexual men with HIV coinfection.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this cross-sectional, nonrandomized, prospective study was to generate data on the prevalence of GB virus C (GBV-C)/hepatitis G virus (HGV) in a cohort of HIV-infected homosexuals from Munich. PATIENTS: A total of 71 HIV-infected homosexual men were analyzed for prevalence of GBV-C RNA and antibodies to the E2 envelope glycoprotein (E2Ab). 475 healthy volunteer blood donors in southern Bavaria served as a control group. RESULTS: The prevalence of GBV-C RNA was 27% (control group: 2.3%) and the prevalence of E2Ab was 35% (control group: 6%). The total prevalence for present and past infection was 62%. The differences between the HIV-infected patients and the control group were significant (p < 0.0001). GBV-C RNA and E2Ab were not detected simultaneously in any serum sample. The E2Ab positive patients were older than the GBV-C RNA positives (mean 46 years versus 39 years, p = 0.0350). The GBV-C RNA and E2Ab negative patients were older than the GBV-C RNA positives (mean 47 years versus 39 years, p = 0.0236). The E2Ab positive patients had suffered sexually transmitted diseases more frequently than the patients negative for markers of GBV-C infection (p = 0.0308). E2Ab positive patients also had higher mean levels of alanine aminotransferase compared to patients without evidence of GBV-C infection (p = 0.0164). 59.4% of all individuals were anti-HBc IgG positive. CONCLUSION: The data can be interpreted as indirect evidence for sexual transmission of GBV-C.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The etiology of anorectal infections in homosexual men.

The infectious etiology of symptomatic anorectal disease was studied in 52 homosexual men who did not have gonococci on initial Gram stain of anorectal exudate. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) was isolated from the anal canal or rectum in 15 of the 52 (29 percent) men and characteristically caused severe anorectal pain and focal ulcerations visible on sigmoidoscopy. Despite negative initial Gram stains, seven men (14 percent) had anorectal gonococcal infection. Six (12 percent) had syphilis, including two with dark-field positive anal lesions. Four were infected with enteric pathogens, including Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica or Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni. Chlamydia trachomatis (LGV 2 strain) was isolated from one patient with severe granulomatous proctitis. One or more etiologic pathogens were identified in 28 (67 percent) of 42 men who had anorectal leukocytic exudate and in two of 10 who did not (p = 0.01). A review of the prominent features of different etiologic forms of anorectal infection in homosexuals is presented.

Adolescent↗