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The rate of elimination from rat and goat circulation of 125I-labelled goat haemoglobin and its complexes with human and goat haptoglobin in goat circulation, was studied. The half-life time t1/2 of haemoglobin in rat circulation was 1.5h, whereas in goat circulation -- 4 h, and was 10 times shorter than t1/2 for its complexes.
The paper gives the results of tests for influence of luminol solution of different composition on detectability of haptoglobin fractions in the bloodstains of different ages. It was stated that alkaline luminol solutions reduce intensity of fractions and may hamper Hp phenotype determination especially in old stains.
Haptoglobin (Hp) phenotyping was performed in 346 patients with chronic tuberculosis of the lungs. 135 of them had been earlier subjected to operations which turned to be inefficient by various reasons. Among the patients with chronic destructive and complicated tuberculosis of the lung the number of the persons with Hp 2-1 lowered to 38.7 +/- 2.6 per cent (against 53.5 +/- 5.0 per cent in the reference group) while the number of the persons with Hp 2-2 increased (47.1 +/- 2.7 per cent). During the observation period 193 patients were operated. Within the immediate postoperative period various complications developed in 28.2 +/- 5.3 per cent of the patients with Hp 2-1, in 43.7 +/- 8.8 per cent of the patients with Hp 1-1 and in 47.8 +/- 5.3 per cent of the patients with Hp 2-2. The patients with Hp 1-1 by their histories and postoperative time courses were characterized by susceptibility to relapses and aggravation of the specific process during therapy. The therapy performed was insufficient beneficial for patients with Hp 2-2. It was concluded that homozygous variants of Hp were additional risk factors in phthisiosurgical patients.
Sheep haptoglobin (HpC) binding hemoglobin increases the stability of the latter to acid denaturation and oxidation by atmospheric O2. HpC is also capable of binding methemoglobin (MetHb) denaturated at pH 3.5 to form a stable complex. This process is accompanied by partial reconstitution of the structural integrity and peroxidase activity of MetHb. Consequently, the formation of a HpC-MetHb complex leads to changes in the tertiary structure of the MetHb molecule. The increase in the peroxidase activity of MetHb at pH less than or equal to 4.0 after its binding to HpC is due to the stabilizing and stimulating activity of HpC.
In breast cancer patients divided into groups according to haptoglobin (Hp) type (519 patients), blood group (ABO) (433 patients) or Rh factor (358 patients) the mean age at first disease manifestation was calculated. The results indicate that in Hp 1 bearers breast cancer appears at significantly lower age (49 years) as compared to Hp type 2-1 (53.3 years) or Hp 2 (53 years). In blood groups the mean age at first cancer signs raises from 48 years in the AB group to 53.1 years in the A group, only the difference between A and AB being significant. However, these preliminary results require confirmation in larger patient series.
A total of 2003 donors from the island state of Tasmania, Australia, were investigated for association between the genetic polymorphisms, ABO and haptoglobin, HP. No interaction between phenotypes of the two systems was found, although the observed deficit of HP*1 in group O has also been noted in the neighbouring Victorian population. When the Tasmanian and Victorian samples were merged to give a large Australian sample (N = 4,211) again no association was found among the phenotypes. However, significant differences were observed in the distributions of both HP phenotypes and alleles between group O and non-O persons respectively.
Among 803 healthy persons examined, 20.4% of Russians and 18.1% of Kazakhs had Hp 1-1 phenotype, 50.0 and 49.3%, respectively, had Hp 2-1 and 29.6 and 32.6% had Hp 2-2 phenotype. The frequency of Hp1 and Hp2 genes is 0.455 and 0.429, 0.545 and 0.571 (p less than 0.05) for Russians and Kazakhs, respectively. The correlation is established between the haptoglobin type and the level of haemolysins. For example, the latter is greater in number in the organisms of persons possessing the Hp2 gene, especially, when in homozygotic state.
Affino-immunoelectrophoresis with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) was applied to the analysis of microheterogenous fractions of human haptoglobin (Hp), present in cancerous ascitic fluids and in sera from patients either with ovarian carcinoma or with inflammatory ovarian disease. Normal and inflammatory sera contained two WGA-dependent Hp fractions: strongly- and weakly-retarded while cancer sera and ascitic fluids: non-retarded and weakly-retarded fractions. The content of WGA-dependent Hp fractions following curative surgery and chemotherapy of the patients was found to resemble the pattern of the control group.
Secondary structure of alpha (light) and beta (heavy) chains of human haptoglobin was proposed. The Chou-Fasman predictive method was used in conjunction with the hydrophobic character and hydropathy scale value assigned to each amino acid residue in the primary sequence of the protein. Moreover, by means of hydrophilicity values of amino acids, the location of antigenic determinants was predicted.
Data are presented relating conventional transmission electron microscope (CTEM) ultrastructural observations of the monomeric phenotypic variant (Hp 1-1) of the haptoglobin class of blood glycoproteins. Through comparison of these findings with homologous published data, obtained by means of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), the validity of CTEM in molecule shape and fine structure determination is confirmed. An experimental procedure for Hp 1-1 crystallization is also reported.
The serum haptoglobin (Hp) values of patients of acute hepatitis, whose serum total-HA antibody in the early clinical stage of the disease were positive, had been investigated. In the early clinical stage of these patients of acute hepatitis A mean serum Hp values were 100.57 +/- 25.20 mg/dl. These values were significantly lower than standard. Hp values of patients gradually increased to the standard values during improvement of the disease. Mean values of Hp in the healing stage of these patients were 128.36 +/- 29.83 mg/dl, and there was no significant difference between values in this stage of the disease and standard. But a significant difference was seen between serum Hp values in those two stages of acute hepatitis A. In this study it was observed that the ability of the Hp biosynthesis in hepatic cells had decreased in the early clinical stage of acute hepatitis A, and it recovered in the healing stage. Serum Hp values could be an indicator in the stage of acute hepatitis A.
Haptoglobin (Hp) phenotyping was carried out in patients at risk for myocardial infarction. A highly significant increase in the incidence of the phenotype Hp 2-2 was demonstrated in the high-risk group, as compared to a group of normal subjects.
The haptoglobin types were determined by starch gel electrophoresis in 246 women with benigne and malignant gynaecologic neoplasms or breast tumors. There was a higher Hp1-gene frequency in all investigated patients compared with the normal distribution caused by a significant increase of Hp 1-1 type and a lower rate of Hp 2-2 type. The Hp 2-2 type was lower in the cases with benigne and malignant neoplasms of cervix and cervical carcinomas. The Hp 1-1 type was higher in the group of mamma tumors. A connection between these findings and the immune systems is discussed.
By testing 167 human sera a surprising dimorphism could be found. All sera of the haptoglobin type hp 1-1 belong to the group with an anti-G streptococci titer in the range of 1:0 to 1:10 whereas sera of the types hp 2-1 and hp 2-2 do have titers in the range between 1:200 and 1:3200 or more. All tests are carried out in the double blind technique.
The hemoglobin level of blood plasma is a sensitive tool in measuring radiation effects. Its value has increased in most of the cases during radiotherapy of cancer patients even applied at low doses. Haptoglobins behave similarly, the time-dependent changes during radiotherapy are almost identical at both parameters.
An automatical method for the determination of the haptoglobin (haemoglobin-binding capacity) of serum is described. The method based on the separation of free and bound haemoglobin by gel chromatography. By use of a short column with sephacryl-S200, a varioperpex pump and the measurement of the optical density in the flow-out the determination needs ten minutes only.
Previous investigators have reported loose linkage in both sexes for phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGP) and haptoglobin alpha (HPA). We present results of linkage studies between PGP and HPA in two data sets, one from Houston and the other an update of an earlier report from Los Angeles. Using quadratic interpolation to estimate the male (theta m) and female (theta f) recombination values from bivariate lod tables, we found for the Houston data that theta m = 0.43 and theta f = 0.03 at the maximum lod score of z = 2.23. For the Los Angeles series, we found that theta m = 0.31, theta f = 0.48, and z = 0.27. We invoke heterogeneity in the recombination value in different families as an explanation of our findings. We also recommend that bivariate lod tables should always be generated, even though not reported. This is because the usual assumption of theta m = theta f (and, rarely, theta f = 1.8 theta f) under which lod scores are computed may be invalid in many cases.
Immunochemical properties of glycopeptides III and IV obtained from haptoglobin (Hp) types 1-1, 2-1, and 2-2, by trypsin digestion were studied by double immunodiffusion test, quantitative precipitation and crossed immunoelectrophoresis with antisera directed against Hp 1-1, Hp 2-1, and Hp 2-2, respectively. Trypsin digestion resulted in an exposition in the glycopeptide IV 1-1 of the antigenic determinant characteristic of Hp 1-1, which had been hidden inside the molecule of the native Hp 1-1. On the contrary, it was not possible to find an antigenic determinant characteristic of the product of alpha 2 gene.