Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Forensic Pathology”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Development of the liver during the fetal period.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the development of the liver in human fetuses aged between 9-40 weeks. METHODS: We studied 121 human fetuses (62 males, 59 females) with no external anomalies aged between 9-40 postmenstrual weeks during 2003-2004 in Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. The fetuses were divided into four groups as 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters and full term fetuses. We measured fetal weight, length, width, thickness, and volume of the liver. We established localization of the liver and its relation with the neighboring structures, its ligaments, and size of itself and its lobes, shapes of the liver and the localization of the porta hepatis on the visceral surface of the liver. RESULTS: We found significant correlations between the size, weight, volume of the liver, sizes of its lobe and gestational age (p<0.001). Group comparisons disclosed significant differences between groups in all parameters except between 3rd and 4th groups with respect to the heights of the liver and the caudate lobe (p<0.05). During the fetal period, the proportion of the distance between the porta hepatis and the right margin of the liver to the distance between the porta hepatis and the left margin of the liver did not change significantly (p>0.05). However, the proportion of the distance between the porta hepatis and the upper margin to the distance between the porta hepatis and the lower margin decreased significantly with gestational age (p<0.05). Type 3 liver (square) was the most commonly observed type of fetal liver (53%). CONCLUSION: Our opinion is that the parameters obtained can be useful to diagnose pathologies of liver development and anomalies concerning several branches of medicine such as anatomy, pathologic anatomy (fetopathology), forensic medicine, medical imaging, obstetrics and pediatrics.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed2006

[The effect of myocardial bridging on the incidence of coronary arteriosclerosis].

In this paper we dissected 50 human hearts obtained from the Department for Anatomy and Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicne, Sarajevo. Our interest was to show frequency of myocardial bridging on human heart coronary artery branches, their localisation and dimensions. Cross sections of coronary arteries segments in area of bridges, proximal and distal to it, were taken out from hearts on which dissection method showed presence of myocardial bridging of the coronary artery branches. Cuts were made 5microm-tick and coloured by Hematoxylin-eosine, Elastica Van Giesson, and Ladewig after having been fitted into paraffin wax. Preparations were behold mocroscopically and flow direction of myocardial bridge muscle fibres was followed regarding the artery wall, and it was analysed artery wall structure in the myocardial bridge area, proximal and distal to the bridge. Myocardial bridges werw found in 42% examined cases, and with the most frequent localisation on ramus interventricularis anterior (34%). Atherosclerotic change in the artery segments proximal to the myocardial bridge was detected by the histolopathological method and its intensity depended on the myocardial bridge length and years of age. In the area of the myocardial bridge, besided insignificant diffuse intima, there were not any other histopathological changes that would indicate an atherosclerotic process.

Coronary Artery Disease↗
PubMed1991

Screening for illicit drug use in a military obstetric population.

The purpose of our investigation was to determine the prevalence of illicit drug use within our socioeconomically heterogeneous obstetric population, in order to assess the need for institution of universal screening. Five hundred consecutive new obstetric registrants had urine collected for routine culture. Following removal of a small aliquot of urine for culture, the samples were sent to the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Division of Forensic Toxicology. Each specimen was screened for the presence of alcohol, cocaine metabolites, cannabinoids, opiates, and amphetamines using fluorescent polarization immunoassay techniques. All positive screening tests were confirmed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Thirty samples were either lost in processing or of insufficient quantity to test. Five of the 470 samples (1.06%) tested were positive. One subject was taking prescription narcotics, so the correlated prevalence was 0.85%. Three tested positive for tetrahydrocannabinol and two for opiates. Analysis of our data demonstrates that our obstetric population has a significantly lower prevalence of illicit drug use than other populations reported previously (P less than .01). We recommend that each institution providing obstetric services determine its specific prevalence of illicit drug use.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1990

[Sudden death of cardiac origin in childhood and adolescence].

In the autopsy material performed by our institute during the years 1979-1988, in the age group under 18 years (total 680 cases) 57 cases of sudden cardiac death (8%) were found. 49.1% of them were due to congenital heart malformations, 38.6% were due to myocarditis. The age distribution, the male:female--ratio and the conditions of occurrence showed significant differences. At heart malformation, the death frequently was due to ischemic damage of the myocardium. For the examination of sudden death cases as a main purpose of forensic medicine, general pathologic biopsy-diagnostic regimen did not seem to be fully apted. This is a challenge for establishing an international comparable general accepted nomenclature and methodology, that suits to this purpose.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Errors in postmortem diagnosis in cardiovascular diseases].

An analysis of out-patients case histories and death certificates indicates that in 22.5-35% of cases the diagnoses in death certificates did not correspond with data of examinations carried out during life when pathological examination was not made; when pathological examination or forensic studies were carried these errors reduced to 10-20%. In another 11.5% the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease was not substantiated because additional examination with the purpose to verify the diagnosis were not carried out.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1988

[Analysis and evaluation of blood alcohol values found in victims of fatal traffic accidents in the Parma region (1982-1986)].

The Authors examined the relationship between blood alcohol levels and traffic accident incidence in 340 cases which came under the observation of the Institute of Forensic Medicine from 1982 to 1986. Positive blood alcohol (31.2% of cases) were correlated to age, sex, type of vehicle driven, day and hour of the accident and to influence upon behaviour (greater than or equal to 0.50 g%) and to drunkenness (greater than or equal to 1.50 g%). Positive blood alcohol resulted to be correlated to, in the following order, passengers, drivers, pedestrians, motorcyclists and cyclists. The incidence was also related to evening and night hours, and to the days Saturday, Sunday and Monday. Our results, even if not completely superimposable, from a statistical point of view, do permit a comparison between them and those found in the Literature regarding the casuistry of other forensic anatomo-pathologic studies that define the risk factors related to alcohol consumption and traffic accident risk.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1987

[Hospital and prehospital mortality from acute myocardial infarct during 1982-1984].

The hospital and pre-hospital lethality is discussed for the period 1982-1984 according to the materials of the Clinic of cardiology and the necropsy protocols of the chairs of forensic medicine and pathological anatomy. The role of the risk factors, age and sex for hospital lethality during all three years is given consideration. Hospital lethality was reduced during the last (1984), the relative share of the deceased of cardiogenic shock was decreased. Almost identically high level of pre-hospital lethality persisted during all three years, bringing up the problem of the effectiveness of the primary prophylaxis of ischemic heart disease and improved work at the level of regional and workshop physicians and emergency medical aid.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

[Thanatogenesis].

The analysis of classifications of causes of death contained in handbooks and manuals of pathological anatomy and forensic medicine revealed their contradictory character, inconsistency with the principles of logic, division according to one basis only; in these classifications of causes and circumstances leading to death. The author recommends to distinguish: a classification of causes of death (biological) and a classification of circumstances accompanying death (of social-legislative character).

Classification↗
PubMed2005

The significance of beta-APP immunoreactivity in forensic practice.

The neuropathologist involved in forensic work is not uncommonly confronted with a case in which there is no or only a limited history or, if available, the information is uncertain or is often conflicting. In recent years the immunohistochemical stain beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP) has been used to assess the extent of axonal injury in a variety of pathological processes but in forensic practice is of greatest utility in the assessment of traumatic brain injury. Diffuse traumatic axonal injury (TAI) in humans has been demonstrated by beta-APP immunoreactivity in patients surviving at least 2 h after head injury. However, many of these patients also have an associated ischaemic injury, either focal or diffuse, which may make the interpretation of beta-APP immunoreactivity difficult. The present study was designed to evaluate if the published descriptions of the different morphological patterns and distributions of beta-APP immunoreactive axons could be used to microscopically distinguish axonal injury attributed to trauma from other causes. To test this hypothesis a total of 73 cases were reviewed. The cases were selected from six different groups based on clinical information. Immunostained sections from each case were assessed 'blind' to the clinical history, and the microscopic pattern and distribution of beta-APP positive axons were recorded. Haematoxylin and eosin (H+E) stained sections were then reviewed for each case and a final pathological diagnosis was recorded and compared to the clinical history. 62/73 (85%) cases were correctly correlated with the clinical history and in particular 14/17 (82%) cases of TAI were correctly identified. These findings indicate that the published microscopic patterns of the distribution of beta-APP positive axons in TAI and in diffuse ischaemic injury can be used, in conjunction with microscopy of H+E stained sections to determine the cause of axonal pathology in most cases.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Fetal development of the hand, digits and digit ratio (2D:4D).

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate growth patterns in human hands, digits and digit ratio (2D:4D) during the fetal period. METHODS: The study is carried out on 161 human fetuses (83 males, 78 females) free from external pathology or malformation with ages ranging between 9 and 40 weeks of gestation. Following general external measurements, length and width of the hand, digit lengths separate for each hand was measured, hand index and the ratio of the lengths of the 2nd finger to the 4th finger (2D:4D index) was computed. RESULTS: Means and standard deviations of the parameters with respect to gestational weeks, months and trimesters were calculated. There was a significant correlation between all parameters and gestational age (p<0.001). No significant differences were observed between sexes or sides for any of the parameters (p>0.05). 2D:4D ratio was significantly higher in females compared to males (p<0.05) and mean 2D:4D did not change with gestational age. CONCLUSION: Detailed information of hand and digit parameters related to the fetal period will reveal the extent of biological variations of hand and digit parameters to be used in future studies. We hope that data acquired in this study will facilitate other studies on hand and digit anomalies, pathologies and variations as well as diagnoses and treatments of such conditions conducted in obstetrics, perinatology, forensic medicine and fetal pathology departments.

Anthropometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Discrimination between functions of an expert bureau and a burial firm (topic for discussion)].

The authors suggest measures aimed at discrimination of the functions performed by forensic medical experts and the services rendered by burial firms. The responsibilities of pathology departments of hospitals and bureaus of forensic medical expert evaluations, which should be reflected in official documents, should be confined to manipulations needed to solve the professional problems and removal of sections. Cases when utilization of certain chemicals or manipulations aimed at restoration of the body are prohibited should be listed in detail. The order of transfer of the body from pathology department or forensic medical bureau to the burial firm and to relatives should be regulated with consideration for the results of autopsy. The moment of the end of autopsy studies is to be determined.

Burial↗
PubMed2001

Cranial thickness in relation to age, sex and general body build in a Danish forensic sample.

The cranial thickness was measured in 64 individuals (43 males, 21 females) autopsied at our institute. The thickness was measured by taking a biopsy with a trephine at four specific locations on the skull. Complete medical records and pathologic autopsy results were available. While none of the individuals had suffered from diseases affecting bone or bone metabolism as such, a large sub group consisted of individuals with a history of, and autopsy finds consistent with, chronic substance and alcohol abuse. There was no statistically significant difference in cranial thickness measures between this group and the rest of the material. Subsequent analyses failed to reveal any correlations between the cranial thickness and sex and age and height and weight of the individual. This is in accordance with most earlier studies, which likewise show no correlation, or only very faint trends, between cranial thickness and these parameters. This study, thus, adds to other studies showing that cranial thickness cannot be used in aging or sexing human remains. Likewise, in a forensic pathological setting, cranial thickness cannot be inferred from the individuals stature and build, which may be an issue in cases of interpersonal violence with cranial trauma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Hyperostosis frontalis interna: forensic issues.

The use of pathological conditions in age and sex determination, important factors in personal identification, is not widespread in anthropology and legal medicine. Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) is a bone condition that mainly affects the inner table of the frontal bone. Although there are numerous publications on the subject, at the present time its etiology remains obscure. Several associations of symptoms, whose incidence varies according to the population studied, have been described. Age and gender appear to be linked with the preponderance of this condition, as does the presence of behavioral disturbances. The aim of our study, based on a series of 1532 autopsies, was to define the incidence and the associations observed with other pathological conditions. Thirteen cases of HFI were identified (0.8% of autopsies), 12 women and one man whose mean age was 59.15 years (range: 42-79 years). All had behavioral disturbances and most were under psychiatric care. This study emphasizes the value of this condition in medico-legal identification.

Adult↗