[Combination of lipoma of the fibula with multiple osteochondral skeletal exostoses].
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Eighteen cases of congenital pseudarthrosis of the leg in 17 children were treated by nailing and tibio-fibular graft with a mean follow-up of six years (from one to twelve years). Six patients had reached the end of growth. Primary union was obtained in 17 cases in a mean time of 6.5 months (from 3.5 to 18 months), but one case developed a new pseudarthrosis at the level of an associated upper tibial osteotomy. Only one case required a supplementary graft. Walking was usually achieved without any apparatus after five-and-a-half months, the tibia being protected by a nail which was left in place until the end of growth. In two cases, a fracture produced by trauma occurred in the limb long after consolidation. These two fractures healed in the normal time. Inequality of limb length was present in all the cases, but its progress varied. On three occasions it was treated by femoral lengthening. Stiffness of the ankle and subtaloid joints resulted from nailing of the hindfoot in nine cases and improved very little after freeing of the joints. The use of telescopic rods avoids the need for further operations to change the rod during growth. We consider that this is a reliable method but that, in certain cases, the effects on growth and on the foot can be diminished by appropriate modifications of technique.
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Application of the tension band principle to provide dynamic compression across sites of the ankle and foot is discussed. Two cases are presented that demonstrate the basic principles of tension band fixation. A biomechanical explanation of fracture failure in long bones is also provided.
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The results in twenty-four patients who were treated for a distal fibular fracture and disruption of the deltoid ligament were studied, using subjective, objective, and radiographic criteria, over a period of at least two years. Nineteen (90 per cent) of the twenty-one patients who were treated without repair of the deltoid ligament had a good or excellent result. All but two of these patients were unrestricted in the ability to walk and run and had no pain during the activities of daily living. No patient had instability of the ankle. At follow-up, the range of motion of the ankle was within 15 degrees of that of the uninjured ankle in 90 per cent of the patients. Only one ankle had radiographic evidence of narrowing of the joint space. The three patients in whom the deltoid ligament was repaired did not have as good a result as the twenty-one patients in whom it was not, but this group was too small to permit valid comparisons. We concluded that exploration of the medial side of the ankle and repair of the deltoid ligament are not necessary unless reduction of the lateral malleolus fails to reduce the talus within the ankle mortise.
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Anatomical studies were carried out to explore the relationship between the tibiofibular interosseous membrane and the long bones of the leg. Based on the data obtained from experimental fractures it appears that the interosseous membrane, which forms the so-called osteoperiosteal pocket, plays an important role in the repair of leg fractures. Further studies are being undertaken to validate this hypothesis and arrive at a more accurate interpretation of the phenomena observed.
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