Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “EPIPHYSES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bovine epiphyseal lactotropin, biologically and immunochemically related to pituitary prolactin].

A substance biologically and immunologically related to the hypophysis lactogenic hormone (HLH) was detected in a purified preparation obtained by extracting the bovine pineal glands (epiphyses) with acidified acetonic saline fractionation, precipitation in isoelectric point and gel filtration. Bioactivity of the pineal gland lactogen was evaluated according to its ability for stimulating the pigeon thyroid gland proliferation. Equal doses of the pineal gland hormone and HLH produced the same biological effect. The lactogen immunochemical properties were studied by gel precipitation in agar gel, immunoelectrophoresis and radioimmunoconcurrent technique. Absolute identity of the hormone immunochemical properties was revealed. Molecular weights of both lactogens, determined by chromatography on Sefadex C-75, were equal. The average HLH content in the organ, determined by radioimmunochemistry, was 4.7 X 10(5) micrograms for the hypophysis and 9.6 X 10(2) micrograms for the pineal gland. HLH content, calculated per 1 mg protein, was 3 X 10(3) micrograms for the hypophysis and 24 micrograms for the pineal gland. The hormone content in the epiphysis was 1000 times higher than HLH concentration in the blood serum.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Age and reduction in the sensitivity of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal complex to the inhibiting effect of dexamethasone. Effect of stress, polypeptide epiphyseal extract and phenformin].

It was shown in experiments on rats that sensitivity of the hypothalamo-hypophysial complex to the inhibitory action of dexamethazone decreased in adult and old rats in comparison with the young sexually mature animals. Single administration of l-tryptophane and L-DOPA decreased, and 5-day administration of the both preparations potentiated the inhibitory action of dexamethazone. Resistance to dexamethazone action occurred under conditions of other stress, whereas potentiation of the inhibitory effect of dexamethazone took place under the effect of acetic acid polypeptide extract from the epiphyses and the antidiabetic biguanide--phenoformine. Arguments are presented in favour of the role of biogenic amines in the age-related increase of the sensitivity threshold of the central structures to the corticosteroid inhibition.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Double patella syndrome with a form of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia.

OBJECTIVE: To present an interesting and unusual case of double patella syndrome in a patient with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. The pertinent clinical and radiographic findings and a brief review of the literature are discussed. CLINICAL FEATURES: An 11-yr-old male patient suffered from occasional right hip pain and limited range of motion, as well as a nontender soft tissue mass in the right knee. Radiographic examination of the hips and knees demonstrated double-layered patellae and bilateral coxa magna deformity. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: Although surgery was initially recommended, conservative chiropractic management was employed and resulted in complete resolution of the patient's presenting hip symptoms. CONCLUSION: This case is the first reported of double patella seen on MRI and demonstrates the value of this technology in the noninvasive preoperative assessment of double patella syndrome. The patient's clinical and radiographic features led to the correct diagnosis.

Child↗
PubMed1994

[Histologic examination of slow epiphyseal distraction in the femur of rabbits].

Slow, symmetric epiphyseal distraction of the distal femur has been performed in 30 immature rabbits aged 10 weeks (group 1) and 16 weeks (group 2). Histological examination has been carried out after 2, 4, 12 and 24 weeks of distraction in both groups. In all animals hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the distracted epiphysis and regular remodeling of the bony growth zone were found after 4 weeks of follow-up. No premature closure of the physis has been noted compared to the controls. Histological differences observed were attributed to various, age related biological potential and they resulted from physiological involution.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Genetic heterogeneity in multiple epiphyseal dysplasia.

Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) comprises a group of hereditary chondrodysplasias in which there are major anatomic abnormalities of the long tubular bones. The Fairbank and Ribbing types are the most frequently cited types of MED. They are primarily defined radiographically and are autosomal dominant conditions. Recently, MED in one family was shown to map to the pericentromeric region of chromosome 19 and is probably allelic to pseudoachondroplasia. We have tested linkage with six short tandem repeat markers from chromosome 19 to autosomal dominant MED in one four-generation family and to MED in a unique family with three of seven siblings affected and with unaffected parents. Autosomal dominant MED in family 1 was linked with a maximum LOD score, at D19S212, of 3.22 at a recombination fraction (theta) of .00. Linkage to chromosome 19 was excluded with MED in the other family, under both autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant, with either reduced-penetrance or germ line-mosaicism models. Linkage to candidate genes COL9A1, COL9A2, and COL11A2 was tested and excluded for both genetic models in this family. COL11A1 was excluded under a recessive model. We have confirmed linkage of autosomal dominant Fairbank MED to chromosome 19 and have demonstrated that MED is genetically heterogeneous.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Epiphyseal growth after replantation in childhood].

Long-term results in 17 patients with 19 replanted parts of the upper extremity after replantation during childhood are presented. Regarding longitudinal epiphyseal growth, three patients had normal growth. In 15 cases, average length of the replanted digits attained 88.6% of normal and one patient gained overgrowth of 118% of normal. In every case, consolidation of the fracture was seen. Four patients developed a deviation of the replanted finger in the frontal plane. The cause of deviation in every case was incorrect primary reposition and not a disturbance of growth of the replanted epiphysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Genetic mapping of a locus for multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (EDM2) to a region of chromosome 1 containing a type IX collagen gene.

Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) is a dominantly inherited chondrodysplasia characterized by mild short stature and early-onset osteoarthrosis. Some forms of MED clinically resemble another chondrodysplasia phenotype, the mild form of pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH). On the basis of their clinical similarities as well as similar ultrastructural and biochemical features in cartilage from some patients, it has been proposed that MED and PSACH belong to a single bone-dysplasia family. Recently, both mild and severe PSACH as well as a form of MED have been linked to the same interval on chromosome 19, suggesting that they may be allelic disorders. Linkage studies with the chromosome 19 markers were carried out in a large family with MED and excluded the previously identified interval. Using this family, we have identified an MED locus on the short arm of chromosome 1, in a region containing the gene (COL9A2) that encodes the alpha 2 chain of type IX collagen, a structural component of the cartilage extracellular matrix.

Child↗
PubMed1994

[The difficulty of prenatal diagnosis of Kniest's disease. Apropos of a case simulating congenital spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia].

The second antenatal diagnosis of Kniest's syndrome is described in this report. This skeletal dysplasia involving disproportional dwarfism and a flat facies is compatible with life and normal intelligence. The authors describe the observed sonographic imagery and emphasize the important role of ultrasonography for antenatal evaluation of the prognosis of the skeletal dysplasias. The main differential diagnosis is spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia congenita.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Genetic linkage mapping of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia to the pericentromeric region of chromosome 19.

Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) is an inherited chondrodystrophy that results in deformity of articular surfaces and in subsequent degenerative joint disease. The disease is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with high penetrance. An MED mutation has been mapped by genetic linkage analysis of DNA polymorphisms in a single large pedigree. Close linkage of MED to 130 tested chromosomal markers was ruled out by discordant inheritance patterns. However, strong evidence for linkage of MED to markers in the pericentromeric region of chromosome 19 was obtained. The most closely linked marker was D19S215, with a maximum LOD score of 6.37 at theta = .05. Multipoint linkage analysis indicated that MED is located between D19S212 and D19S215, a map interval of 1.7 cM. Discovery of the map location of MED in this family will facilitate identification of the mutant gene. The closely linked DNA polymorphisms will also provide the means to determine whether other inherited chondrodystrophies have underlying defects in the same gene.

Centromere↗
PubMed1993

[Epiphyseal fracture-avulsion of the distal extremity of the clavicle. Apropos of a case].

Fracture of the clavicle is the commonest fracture in children. It is generally due to direct trauma to the shoulder. Orthopaedic usually ensures consolidation within three weeks. Fractures of the lateral third is uncommon and unusual. It corresponds to an epiphyseal avulsion of the distal extremity of the clavicle, equivalent to an acromioclavicular "pseudodislocation". The coracoclavicular ligaments remain intact. Surgical reduction of the clavicle into its periosteal sheath is necessary. The authors report a case of fracture of the lateral third of the clavicle in a 5 and a half year old child with spontaneous formation of a "neoclavicle".

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1993

Two patterns of calcification in primary (physeal) and secondary (epiphyseal) growth cartilage.

It is generally stated that the process of cartilage calcification and ossification is the same in the physeal (primary growth center) and epiphyseal (secondary growth center) growth plates. Reexamination of osteophyte growth led to the proposal that these growth plates differ. This proposition was tested by examining rabbit and human material from both sites before and after maceration; both tissue preparations were processed for light microscopy, and the macerated tissues were also studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The physis showed the well-recognized, longitudinal calcified tubal structures in which capillaries make direct contact with and resorb the nonmineralized, transverse septal cartilage. In the epiphysis, the transverse septal cartilage was also mineralized, producing a continuous calcified sheet, perforated only by a limited number of channels and susceptible only to osteoclastic removal. This variation in mineral distribution modifies the way in which the primary spongiosa is formed during growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

An unclassifiable type of spondylo-peripheral epiphyseal dysplasia associated with 21 trisomy.

We present an unusual type of skeletal dysplasia in a 6 1/2 year-old female child with Down syndrome due to classical 21 trisomy. Differential diagnosis with the pseudoachrondroplastic forms of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia shows that the epiphyseal changes in the present patient are unique and do not allow to classify the skeletal changes of the present patient in this group of disorders.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1993

Influence of liver environment on the maturation of isolated epiphyseal chondrocyte transplants.

To study the phenomenon of chondrocyte hypertrophy, rat or mouse isolated epiphyseal chondrocytes were transplanted into the kidney, spleen or liver for 7 days. Each transplant had its own control transplanted intramuscularly. Rat chondrocytes were also placed on a chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos, incubated for 11 days and transferred for the next 11 days either onto another chorioallantoic membrane or into rat muscle. The surface area of largest lacunae cross-sections in cartilage produced by transplants was measured as an indicator of chondrocyte hypertrophy. In cartilage from the chorioallantoic membrane chondrocytes remained small but hypertrophied after transfer into a muscle. Lacunae in seven-day-old cartilage nodules in the liver were considerably larger than in muscle, kidney or spleen. After 7 days matrix calcification was observed only in liver transplants. Thus, liver environment, stimulated chondrocyte hypertrophy. Taken together these results suggest that chondrocytes are unable to hypertrophy spontaneously and that the rate of hypertrophy is subjected to regulation by extra-cartilaginous factor(s).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neonatal mucolipidosis II (I-cell disease) with dysharmonic epiphyseal ossification and butterfly vertebral body.

I-cell (mucolipidosis 2) is a rare, autosomal recessive neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease. Neonatal skeletal radiographs are distinctive; a transient osteopathy that has features resembling hyperparathyroidism and rickets is present during the first year of life. The case of a 3-week old infant with I-cell disease is presented. Additional radiographic findings in this case include a butterfly vertebral body and dysharmonic epiphyseal ossification.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1996

[Histological study of cartilage channels in the epiphyseal cartilage of young dogs and their relationship to that of osteochondrosis dissecans in the most frequently affected locations].

Osteochondrosis is a disease occurring in many species of domestic animals. There are different factors like genetic predisposition, housing and feeding, trauma and stress, which are thought to be the causes or part of the causes of the disease. There have been studies about swine, finding a connection between cartilage channels in juvenile epiphyseal cartilage and the development of osteochondrosis. The aim of the study was to find out whether those connections exist in dogs as well. Special interest has been laid upon the localisation, the contents and the surroundings of cartilage channels as well as their relationship to the localisation of osteochondrosis. Joint surfaces, that are most often subject to osteochondrosis in the dog, have been examined macroscopically and histologically, e.g. the caput humeri, the medial part of the humeral condyle, the lateral condyle of the os femoris, the cochlea tibiae and the trochlea tali of 31 dogs at the age of three days to nine months. According to this examination cartilage channels can disturb the process of ossification of cartilage in the secondary centre of ossification, causing a thickening of cartilage layers. These changes can often be seen in locations, where osteochondrosis usually develops, especially in the caput humeri. Altogether they could be located more often in male animals and large breeds than in female animals and small breeds. To a certain degree these changes can be considered as normal in the development and growth of a young dog, but combined with other factors like trauma or stress, they may play a favoring role in the pathogenesis of osteochondrosis as well.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, ribbing type: a novel point mutation in the COMP gene in a South African family.

Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia is broadly categorised into the more severe Fairbank and the milder Ribbing types. In this paper we document mild MED in a South African kindred, and demonstrate that heterozygosity for a mutation in the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) gene causes the condition. The mutation, C1594G, implies a N523K substitution, altering a residue at the carboxyl-terminal end of the calmodulin-like region of COMP. The identification of this mutation demonstrates that the spectrum of manifestations from mild MED through pseudoachondroplasia can all be produced by structural mutations in COMP.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Expression and subcellular localization of the Myc superfamily proteins: c-Myc, Max, Mad1 and Mxi1 in the epiphyseal plate cartilage chondrocytes of growing rats.

The changes in the expressions of the protooncogene protein c-Myc, its dimerization partner Max and the competitive inhibitors Mad1 and Mxi1 during the terminal differentiation of chondrocytes in vivo were investigated by immunocytochemistry. The four immunoreactivity patterns in the epiphyseal plate cartilage of growing rats, as they appeared under the light microscope, showed differences in protein expression level and intracellular distribution, with the chondrocyte developmental stage. c-Myc immunoreactivity was intense and mainly in the nuclei of proliferative chondrocytes. It decreased in the nuclei of mature chondrocytes and appeared in the cytoplasm. c-Myc immunoreactivity increased in the fully-differentiated hypertrophic chondrocytes. Immunoreactivity of the c-Myc dimerization partner Max was mainly in the nucleus of proliferative chondrocytes and decreased as the chondrocytes matured. Mad1 immunoreactivity was also concentrated in the nucleus of proliferative chondrocytes, but was mainly in the cytoplasm of mature chondrocytes and almost lost from the hypertrophic chondrocytes. Lastly, there was Mxi1 immunoreactivity in the nucleus and cytoplasm of proliferative, mature and early hypertrophic chondrocytes and the cytoplasm staining was more sustained than in the nucleus. There was little labeling in late hypertrophic chondrocytes. The electron microscope pictures corroborated these findings and showed the subcellular distributions of the immunolabelings. The gold particles reflecting Mad1 frequently formed patches and those for Mxi1 appeared to accumulate within the mitochondria of all chondrocytes. The variations in immuno-patterns and intracellular distributions suggest that each protooncogene protein has specific roles in the functional changes in the chondrocytes at each step of their terminal differentiation.

Animals↗