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PubMedDate not supplied

Endodontic standards in general dental practice--a survey in Birmingham, Part I.

A postal questionnaire was used to evaluate endodontic treatment performed in the general dental services in Birmingham, assessing whether practice type--private or National Health Service (UK), or year of graduation, influences compliance with established guidelines. For the aspects of treatment investigated, many dentists were not following guidelines. More private practitioners adhered to the guidelines. Practitioner age was not related to compliance with guidelines, although there were differences in the procedures and materials employed among the different age groups. Within the survey's limits, it was concluded that endodontic performance varies from established guidelines.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

Root malformation in mandibular premolars: an endodontic difficulty-report of two cases.

Much of the literature is concerned with variation in root canal morphology rather than variation in root morphology. The present communication reports two rare cases of patients with aberrant root morphology in all their mandibular premolars examined. The role of intra-oral preoperative radiographs of diagnostic value is emphasized, without which unexpected complications during endodontic treatment or extraction may occur. Failure of endodontic treatment as a result of the inability to negotiate and instrument one of the canals in the aberrant root is an important difficulty that may be encountered with such variant teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Healing of maxillary sinusitis of odontogenic origin following conservative endodontic retreatment: case reports.

Because of the anatomical proximity, infection of posterior upper teeth can spread into the maxillary sinus. When confronted with a large persistent periapical lesion on a posterior maxillary root-treated tooth, the practitioner should question the quality of the previous endodontic treatment, evaluate the impact of the potential causes of failure and consider, in the majority of cases, the conservative non-surgical retreatment instead of extraction or periapical surgery of the dental element. This paper reports two cases of healing of extensive periapical bone destruction and of the co-existing sinus pathology of odontogenic origin after non-surgical endodontic retreatment of previously root-treated upper molars. Misconceptions concerning the role of epithelium in the periapical lesion are discussed. Also, emphasis is put on the need of precise radiological diagnosis, pre-operatively as well as post-operatively to ascertain healing and to avoid unnecessary delay in the appropriate management of these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Resin-dentin interfaces of endodontically-treated restored teeth.

PURPOSE: To compare by confocal and scanning electron microscopy the post-resin-dentin interfaces of endodontically-treated teeth which had been restored with dentin-bonding systems and composite and needed to be extracted after 6 months to 6 years of clinical service. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen single rooted teeth showing proximal lesions penetrating the pulp chamber were included in the investigation and divided into two groups. Group 1 teeth were endodontically-treated, restored with carbon fiber posts and resin-based composite. Group 2 teeth were treated in the same way and covered with porcelain fused-to-metal crowns. RESULTS: Two thirds of the observed interfaces showed resin penetration of the root dentin in the middle and coronal third of the post space preparation, while only one third of the interface showed resin infiltration in the apical third of the post space preparation. Debonding of the adhesive from the resin infiltrated dentin area and debonding of the composite cement from the adhesive were the most frequently observed failure modes and were observed in one third of the observed interfaces. There was no difference between the post-resin-dentin interfaces of teeth covered and teeth not covered with porcelain-fused to metal crowns. Teeth extracted after longer periods of clinical service showed more abundant areas of debonding of the adhesive from the resin-dentin interdiffusion zone. The presence of bacteria in resin infiltrated dentin tubules was observed in two specimens.

Carbon↗
PubMed2002

Endodontic treatment of permanent teeth in children with a new calcium-carbamide-formaldehyde paste.

UNLABELLED: AIM, MATERIAL AND METHODS: Endodontic treatment of a total of 303 teeth with pulpitis and periodontitis was performed with a new calcium-carbamide-formaldehyde paste. In three children with fractured teeth with complications, the applied treatment was combined (2 teeth with apical osteotomy and 1 with cystectomy). Control examinations were carried out at months 6, 12 and 24 and clinically healthy teeth and teeth with complications were registered. RESULTS: In the pulpitis group the clinically healthy teeth were 97.55% +/- 1.08 at the 6th month; 96.85% +/- 1.26 at the 12th month and 92.92% +/- 2.41 at the 24th month. In teeth with periodontitis 91.56% +/- 3.05 were clinically healthy at the 6th month; 93.83% +/- 2.67 at the 12th month and 98.03% +/- 1.98 at the 24th month. No statistical significance of the differences between pulpites and periodontites was found (P > 0.05). Recovery of the bone structure was observed in the teeth with combined endodontic and surgical treatment at the 12th month. CONCLUSIONS: The calcium-carbamide-formaldehyde paste stimulates bone regeneration and closing of the apex without coloring the hard dental tissues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Rehabilitation of endodontically treated teeth using the radiopaque fiber post.

Metallic posts fall short of satisfying contemporary guidelines for ideal post/core rehabilitation. Along with technological improvements in adhesive resins, cements, and composite restoratives, the evolution of fiber-reinforced posts allows the rehabilitation of endodontically treated teeth with greater esthetics and virtually no predisposition to root fracture. At least one fiber post system now complies with all of the ideal post characteristics described in the endodontic text. This article describes the potential for displacement of metal posts by low-modulus fiber posts, the differences between them, and the development and placement of a radiopaque, translucent, double-tapered fiber post.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed2003

[The restoration of endodontically treated teeth: the minimally invasive (post-) core buildup?].

The rebuilding of endodontic treated teeth is a common situation in general dental practice. The final (post-) core buildup, with or without a crown, should protect the restoration as well as the tooth against fracture, should prevent debonding of the restoration, should not permit leakage and should provide an acceptable esthetic result. Several factors influencing these properties are described. The (post-) core buildup in relation to the concept of minimally invasive dentistry is discussed. In conclusion, there is no unambiguous guideline for restoring endodontically treated teeth. Standardised in vitro and in vivo studies are needed.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed2003

Reconstruction of severely damaged endodontically treated and bleached teeth using a microhybrid composite resin: two-year case report.

Clinical indications for direct composite restorations have expanded in the last decade, primarily due to improved physical, aesthetic, and handling properties. As a consequence, their increased predictability has encouraged clinicians to progressively abandon amalgam. This article presents a clinical protocol to reconstruct severely damaged endodontically treated and bleached anterior teeth with particular emphasis on placement and curing techniques. Common complications encountered during the bonding of teeth that have undergone endodontic and bleaching treatments are also analyzed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Medications for endodontic use].

Medication can never disinfect a badly shaped canal and successful treatment will depend on the endocanal preparation. Despite the indisputable antibacterial efficacy of Rocklès 4 in vitro, use of this medicament should be banned because of its toxicity, its mutagenic and antigenic action and its long-term inefficacy in vivo. The same goes for all other antiseptics, anti-inflammatory agents and antibiotics mentioned, that should be discarded because of their harmful effects on patients or their inefficacy on endodontic flora. Our endodontic medicine cabinet should only contain the following products: irrigation agent: NaOCl 2.5% medication in 2 sessions: calcium hydroxide prescription or 'Réogan rapide'.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

Restoration of endodontically treated teeth.

Criteria have been presented for the evaluation of and treatment planning for endodontically treated teeth for final restoration. The dentist must consider the advantages and disadvantages of saving teeth according to their eventual role in restoring occlusal function, arch integrity, and esthetics. The prognosis is dependent on successful endodontic therapy, the presence of sound periodontal support, and an acceptable restorative effort. Currently accepted post and core systems and materials have been reviewed.

Dental Cavity Preparation↗
PubMed1998

[A study of the shape of prepared canal of commonly used hand endodontic instruments]

OBJECTIVE:Straight or slightly curved single root canals of teeth (<20 degree) were instrumentated with three commonly the hand endodontic instruments,which included K reamer,K file and H filel.The shape of prepared canal and root canal deviation at three levels were measured by computerized digital image processing program.The results demostrated that any significant differences were not found on root canal deviation in either labio-lingual or mesiodistal direction at each level,and that the shape of prepared canal was not different significantly.Apical transportation of the severely curved artificial root canals(25-30 degree) showed that H file was the most severe,K reamer was the least.It is suggested in this article how we select endodontic instruments rationally and effectively.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

[Apical endodontic surgery].

If (a revision of) a conventional endodontic treatment is not possible or not successful, apical endodontic surgery can be indicated. The contemporary indications, the better retrograde preparation techniques with ultrasonic retro-tips, and the better visualisation of the operation area with an operation microscope can lead to higher success percentages. Moreover, the current developments in the field of compatible filling materials are promising. Also the application of lasers is promising, but has still to prove its clinical usefulness.

Apicoectomy↗
PubMed1992

Current endodontic instruments, materials, and drugs, and new techniques for their application.

Technical improvements in endodontic instruments, materials, and drugs and the development of new techniques for their application present a problem for dental practitioners in the selection of materials and methods appropriate to their needs. Claims of "superior" products and "state-of-the-art" treatments only add to the confusion. A review of the dental literature reveals that there is seldom a consensus of opinion on any given subject. Preferences among individuals may reflect a desire for a less complicated, more rapid approach to endodontic treatment. Trends in thought among researchers may offer some direction in the choice between changing concepts and traditional methodology.

Dental Pulp Diseases↗
PubMed2004

Restoration of endodontically treated teeth: a review.

The concept of restoring a pulpless tooth with post, core and/or crown is based on the belief that the root-filled tooth becomes brittle as a result of loss of moisture content. However, recent studies revealed that the moisture content of a root-filled tooth is not significantly different from that of a vital tooth. A survey of dentist' philosophies and techniques of restoring pulpless tooth conducted in the United States of America (U.S.A.) revealed that approximately 50 per cent of the respondents believed that a post would reinforce an endodontically treated tooth, while other studies reported no statistically significant advantage to reinforcing the teeth. Therefore, the concept that all anterior teeth that have received root canal therapy require posts and crowns is not supported by recent studies. But the access cavity for the root canal treatment should be as conservative as possible so that the tooth is not weakened unnecessarily. Based on a review of the literature, this article intends to provide a guideline for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth.

Dental Materials↗
PubMed2004

Resistance of bonded composite restorations to fracture of endodontically treated teeth.

The aim of this in vitro study was performed to evaluate the effect of dentin bonding agents and glass ionomer cement beneath composite restorations and its resistance to fracture of endodontically treated teeth. Fifty sound extracted maxillary teeth were selected; ten of them for controls and the remainder were modified with root canal treatment and a mesial occlusal distal (MOD) cavity preparation. The modified teeth were then divided into five groups: 1. Sound teeth 2. Prepared without restorations for control 3. Prepared and restored with Vitrebond (3M, USA), Singlebond (3M, USA), and Z100 (3M, USA) resin composite 4. Prepared and restored with Concise enamel bonding agent (3M, USA) and Z100 resin composite 5. Prepared and restored using Singlebond and Z100 composite resin The modified specimens were subjected to compressive load by an Instron machine until fracture occurred. Group 1 showed the highest resistance to compressive force followed by Groups 5, 3, 4, and 2, respectively. Statistical analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a t-test indicated significant difference between all groups. Use of a dentin bonding agent and composite resin increased the resistance of endodontically treated teeth to fracture.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed2004

New advances in the management of endodontic pain emergencies.

The development of more effective strategies for managing endodontic pain emergencies draws from the research of both clinicians and basic scientists. This review explores evidence-based approaches for managing endodontic pain emergencies and newly emerging pain management strategies based upon molecular, cellular and physiologic research into pain mechanisms.

Analgesics↗
PubMed2004

Nonsurgical endodontic retreatment.

The purpose of this clinical article is to emphasize that although there is enormous potential for endodontic success, clinicians are, at times, confronted with post-treatment disease. A rationale for endodontic treatment is followed by the goals of nonsurgical retreatment. The focus of this article is to identify the various nonsurgical retreatment categories and provide an overview of the concepts, armamentarium and techniques available to disassemble roots, address deficiencies or repair defects that are pathological or iatrogenic in origin.

Humans↗