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PubMed1990

Effect of hypothermia and cardioplegia on intramyocardial voltage and myocardial oxygen consumption.

Intramyocardial voltage and myocardial oxygen consumption were measured in the fibrillating heart between the temperatures of 37 degrees C and 25 degrees C and in the arrested heart after infusion of potassium cardioplegic solution in 10 adult mongrel dogs. Electrical activity from the myocardium was recorded using specially designed plunge electrodes, and intramyocardial voltage was monitored by an in-line voltmeter. Myocardial oxygen consumption gradually decreased from 5.8 +/- 0.6 ml O2/min at 37 degrees C to 2.3 +/- 0.5 ml O2/min at 25 degrees C. In contrast, hypothermia did not cause a similar decrease in intramyocardial voltage which remained within a range of 1.8 +/- 0.5 mV to 2.4 +/- 0.5 mV between the temperatures of 37 degrees C and 25 degrees C. The infusion of potassium cardioplegic solution resulted in a dramatic decrease in voltage to 43 +/- 5 microV, and myocardial oxygen consumption fell to 0.5 +/- 0.3 ml O2/min. Our data demonstrated that the mean voltage of the fibrillating heart remains constant between the temperatures 37 degrees C and 25 degrees C and myocardial oxygen consumption decreases with hypothermia, which suggests that voltage does not correlate with the level of myocardial oxygen consumption. Myocardial oxygen consumption and intramyocardial voltage, however, decrease dramatically when cardioplegia is instituted.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A comparison of direct and indirect measurements of oxygen delivery and consumption: the effects of prostacyclin in two human volunteers.

To examine the relation of oxygen delivery to uptake in normals, we have measured cardiac index, oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption directly and indirectly in two human volunteers before and during a prostacyclin (PGI2) infusion (5 ng/kg/min). We have also investigated the relation of direct and indirect measurements of delivery to consumption in two critically ill patients over a more prolonged study period of 24 hours. Overall, there were close correlations between both cardiac index measured by thermodilution with that calculated from the Fick equation (r = 0.97 p less than 0.001) and oxygen consumption measured directly by analysis of inspired gases (V O2) with that calculated by the reverse Fick method (OUI) (r = 0.95 p less than 0.001). Nevertheless, the limits of agreement between the two methods were wide (1.6 L/min.m2 for the cardiac index and 70.5 ml 02/min.m2 for oxygen consumption, 95% confidence limits). In the two human volunteers, PGI2 produced substantial increases in oxygen delivery but there was no change in oxygen consumption measured directly or indirectly; V O2 and OUI were unrelated and independent of oxygen delivery. However, in the two patients studied over 24 hours, there were close correlations between delivery and both V O2 (r = 0.93 p less than 0.001) and OUI (r = 0.94 p less than 0.001). These results suggest that the derivation of oxygen consumption by the reverse Fick method (OUI) is a reasonable substitute for direct measurements of V O2 but occasionally the absolute values so obtained may be somewhat different.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Relative importance of cardiac output and arterial pressure in determining myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow.

Oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow were measured in anesthetized dogs while cardiac work was altered by changing arterial pressure or by opening an aorta to left atrial shunt. When oxygen consumption during pressure work was compared with that during flow work, at a constant heart rate, it was found that flow work increased oxygen consumption as much, or more, than did increasing pressure work. Coronary blood flow, but not A-V oxygen difference, was correlated with oxygen consumption. The highest correlation with oxygen consumption, however, was obtained for left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, which was even more highly correlated than was cardiac work. The conclusion is that it may be the initial stretch of the myocardial fiber, rather than the arterial pressure or the cardiac output, that is the primary determinant of myocardial oxygen consumption at a constant heart rate.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of restriction of placental growth on oxygen delivery to and consumption by the pregnant uterus and fetus.

Endometrial caruncles were excised from 13 sheep (caruncle sheep) before pregnancy to restrict placental growth. In subsequent pregnancies, half the caruncle fetuses were growth retarded or small (weight more than 2 SD below mean weight for control fetuses) with the remainder, normal-sized (weight within 2 SD of mean weight for control fetuses). The caruncle and 16 control sheep, each with indwelling vascular catheters, were studied between 121 and 130 days of pregnancy. Oxygen delivery to and consumption by the pregnant uterus in caruncle sheep with small fetuses was significantly reduced compared to controls while oxygen extraction was significantly increased. Oxygen tension (P02) and content in the common umbilical vein and in the descending aorta were significantly lower in small caruncle fetuses compared to controls but only P02 was lower in normal-sized caruncle fetuses. Oxygen delivery to, and consumption by, the fetus was significantly reduced in normal-sized and in small caruncle sheep compared to controls while oxygen extraction was increased in small caruncle sheep. Utero-placental oxygen consumption was significantly lower in caruncle sheep with small fetuses compared to that in controls. Despite these changes, oxygen consumption by the gravid uterus and fetus, per kg of tissue mass, was similar in both groups of caruncle and in control sheep. Utero-placental oxygen consumption per kg of utero-placental mass in caruncle sheep with small fetuses was not significantly different to that in sheep with normal-sized caruncle or control fetuses, although it averaged only 25% of that in controls. It is concluded that intrauterine growth retardation following restriction of placental growth is associated with a reduced supply of oxygen to both the pregnant uterus and fetus and a redistribution of oxygen to the fetus. This is due to the disproportionate maintenance of fetal growth relative to that of the placenta, since oxygen consumption by either, in terms of tissue mass, was not altered. Further, the greater uterine and fetal extraction of oxygen suggests that a smaller margin of safety may exist between supply and demand in intrauterine growth retardation.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effects of D-glucose on oxygen consumption of renal cortex suffering from ischemic injury.

Alterations of Na(+)-dependent D-glucose transport in the proximal tubules resulting from ischemic injury were investigated. We measured the cortical oxygen (O2) consumption at various concentrations of exogenous D-glucose 1 day after ischemic injury in a kidney in which ischemia was induced by complete unilateral renal artery occlusion for 60 minutes and in a contralateral non-ischemic (control) kidney. Both kidneys exhibited a D-glucose concentration-dependent increase in O2 consumption. The increases in O2 consumption in both kidneys exhibited Michaelis-Menten-type saturation kinetics. However, increased Km and decreased Vmax were observed in the ischemic kidney. Phlorizin significantly inhibited O2 consumption in both kidneys at 5 mM, but the effect was not significantly at 0 mM of D-glucose. In contrast, ouabain significantly inhibited O2 consumption in both kidneys at 0 and 5 mM of D-glucose. The level of O2 consumption inhibition by phlorizin and ouabain in the ischemic kidney was markedly less than in the control kidney. The present study demonstrated that the decreased Na(+)-dependent D-glucose transport capacity can be attributed to a reduction in both phlorizin-sensitive transport capacity for D-glucose and ouabain-sensitive Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity 1 day after 60 minutes of ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Fish consumption and risk of sudden cardiac death.

CONTEXT: Dietary fish intake has been associated with a reduced risk of fatal cardiac end points, but not with nonfatal end points. Dietary fish intake may have a selective benefit on fatal arrhythmias and therefore sudden cardiac death. OBJECTIVE: To investigate prospectively the association between fish consumption and the risk of sudden cardiac death. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: The US Physicians' Health Study. PATIENTS: A total of 20 551 US male physicians 40 to 84 years of age and free of myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, and cancer at baseline who completed an abbreviated, semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire on fish consumption and were then followed up to 11 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Incidence of sudden cardiac death (death within 1 hour of symptom onset) as ascertained by hospital records and reports of next of kin. RESULTS: There were 133 sudden deaths over the course of the study. After controlling for age, randomized aspirin and beta carotene assignment, and coronary risk factors, dietary fish intake was associated with a reduced risk of sudden death, with an apparent threshold effect at a consumption level of 1 fish meal per week (P for trend=.03). For men who consumed fish at least once per week, the multivariate relative risk of sudden death was 0.48 (95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.96; P=.04) compared with men who consumed fish less than monthly. Estimated dietary n-3 fatty acid intake from seafood also was associated with a reduced risk of sudden death but without a significant trend across increasing categories of intake. Neither dietary fish consumption nor n-3 fatty acid intake was associated with a reduced risk of total myocardial infarction, nonsudden cardiac death, or total cardiovascular mortality. However, fish consumption was associated with a significantly reduced risk of total mortality. CONCLUSION: These prospective data suggest that consumption of fish at least once per week may reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death in men.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Dairy consumption, obesity, and the insulin resistance syndrome in young adults: the CARDIA Study.

CONTEXT: Components of the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS), including obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, are major risk factors for type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Although diet has been postulated to influence IRS, the independent effects of dairy consumption on development of this syndrome have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between dairy intake and incidence of IRS, adjusting for confounding lifestyle and dietary factors. DESIGN: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a population-based prospective study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: General community sample from 4 US metropolitan areas of 3157 black and white adults aged 18 to 30 years who were followed up from 1985-1986 to 1995-1996. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Ten-year cumulative incidence of IRS and its association with dairy consumption, measured by diet history interview. RESULTS: Dairy consumption was inversely associated with the incidence of all IRS components among individuals who were overweight (body mass index > or =25 kg/m(2)) at baseline but not among leaner individuals (body mass index < 25 kg/m(2)). The adjusted odds of developing IRS (2 or more components) were 72% lower (odds ratio, 0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.14-0.58) among overweight individuals in the highest (> or =35 times per week, 24/102 individuals) compared with the lowest (<10 times per week, 85/190 individuals) category of dairy consumption. Each daily occasion of dairy consumption was associated with a 21% lower odds of IRS (odds ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.88). These associations were similar for blacks and whites and for men and women. Other dietary factors, including macronutrients and micronutrients, did not explain the association between dairy intake and IRS. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary patterns characterized by increased dairy consumption have a strong inverse association with IRS among overweight adults and may reduce risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle-aged Finnish men and women.

CONTEXT: Only a few studies of coffee consumption and diabetes mellitus (DM) have been reported, even though coffee is the most consumed beverage in the world. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between coffee consumption and the incidence of type 2 DM among Finnish individuals, who have the highest coffee consumption in the world. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A prospective study from combined surveys conducted in 1982, 1987, and 1992 of 6974 Finnish men and 7655 women aged 35 to 64 years without history of stroke, coronary heart disease, or DM at baseline, with 175 682 person-years of follow-up. Coffee consumption and other study parameters were determined at baseline using standardized measurements. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hazard ratios (HRs) for the incidence of type 2 DM were estimated for different levels of daily coffee consumption. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 12 years, there were 381 incident cases of type 2 DM. After adjustment for confounding factors (age, study year, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, education, occupational, commuting and leisure-time physical activity, alcohol and tea consumption, and smoking), the HRs of DM associated with the amount of coffee consumed daily (0-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-9, > or =10 cups) were 1.00, 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48-1.05), 0.39 (95% CI, 0.25-0.60), 0.39 (95% CI, 0.20-0.74), and 0.21 (95% CI, 0.06-0.69) (P for trend<.001) in women, and 1.00, 0.73 (95% CI, 0.47-1.13), 0.70 (95% CI, 0.45-1.05), 0.67 (95% CI, 0.40-1.12), and 0.45 (95% CI, 0.25-0.81) (P for trend =.12) in men, respectively. In both sexes combined, the multivariate-adjusted inverse association was significant (P for trend <.001) and persisted when stratified by younger and older than 50 years; smokers and never smokers; healthy weight, overweight, and obese participants; alcohol drinker and nondrinker; and participants drinking filtered and nonfiltered coffee. CONCLUSION: Coffee drinking has a graded inverse association with the risk of type 2 DM; however, the reasons for this risk reduction associated with coffee remain unclear.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Oxygen consumption and energy metabolism of the early mouse embryo.

Oxygen consumption of preimplantation and early postimplantation mouse embryos has been measured using a novel noninvasive ultramicrofluorescence technique, based on an oil-soluble, nontoxic quaternary benzoid compound pyrene, whose fluorescence is quenched in the presence of oxygen. Pyruvate and glucose consumption, lactate production, and glycogen formation from glucose were also measured. Preimplantation mouse embryos of the strain CBA/Ca x C57BL/6 were cultured in groups of 10-30 in 2 microliters of modified M2 medium containing 1 mmol l-1 glucose, 0 mmol l-1 lactate, and 0.33 mmol l-1 pyruvate, for between 4-6 hr. Day 6.5 and 7.5 embryos were cultured singly in 40 microliters M2 medium for between 2-3 hr. Oxygen consumption was detected at all stages of development, including, for the first time, in the early postimplantation embryo. Consumption remained relatively constant from zygote to morula stages before increasing in the blastocyst and day 6.5-7.5 stages. When expressed as QO2 (microliters/mg dry weight/hr), oxygen consumption was relatively constant from the one-cell to morula stages before increasing sharply at the blastocyst stage and declining to preblastocyst levels on days 6.5 and 7.5. Pyruvate was consumed during preimplantation stages, with glucose uptake undetectable until the blastocyst stage. Glucose was the main substrate consumed by the 6.5 and 7.5 day embryo. The proportions of glucose accounted for by lactate appearance were 81%, 86%, and 119% at blastocyst, day 6.5, and day 7.5 stages, respectively. The equivalent figures for glucose incorporated into glycogen were 10.36%, 0.21%, and 0.19%, respectively. The data are consistent with a switch from a metabolism dependent on aerobic respiration during early preimplantation stages to one dependent on both oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis at the blastocyst stage, a pattern which is maintained on days 6.5 and 7.5. Our technique for measuring oxygen consumption may have diagnostic potential for selecting viable embryos for transfer following assisted conception techniques in man and domestic animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Consumption of anorexigenic amphetamine-like drugs (diethylpropion, fenproporex and mazindol) and of d,1-fenfluramine in Brazil during the years of 1988 and 1989.

Brazilian consumption of psychostimulant anorexigenic drugs--diethylpropion, fenproporex, and mazindol--and of 3,1-fenfluramine was studied, and results are presented in terms of DDDs/1000 inhabitants/day. As of 1988, consumption of these drugs in Brazil was equal to 4.59 DDDs/1000 inhabitants/day; in the following year it had risen by 43.8%. However, if only the population that can afford to buy medicines is considered, actual consumption figures are at least three times higher. Such numbers point to a very high rate of anorexigenic consumption in Brazil, in contrast with other countries where use of these drugs is smaller. It was also found that 68.6% of total consumption in 1988--and 39.4% in 1989--corresponded to prescription formulas prepared by specialized pharmacies, while the remainder was consumed in the form of ready-made medicines produced by pharmaceutical industries. The most used drugs were mazindol in 1988, and fenproporex in 1989; d,1-fenfluramine was the least used of these substances in both years. These reasons are discussed for this increased consumption in Brazil and the absence of an adequate controlling attitude on the part of public health authorities.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Power consumption profiles in high-shear wet granulation. I: Liquid distribution in relation to powder and binder properties.

Wet granulation processes frequently rely on the device power consumption profile to monitor the process endpoint. This work shows how the observed power consumption relates to the physical properties of the mass. The liquid binder was traced with a fluorescent marker and the liquid distribution could be followed during the process. It was found that primary agglomerates form in the reactor, the shape and composition of which depend on the wettability of the starting powders by the liquid binder. An increase of the device power consumption is conditional to the disruption of these primary agglomerates. Increasing the viscosity of liquid binders up to 250 mPa. s had no significant effect on the power consumption. Eventually, the lower surface tension liquid binders yielded greater energy consumption, indicating that interparticle friction forces had a great impact on the device power consumption.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMed2003

Ethanol consumption and DRD2 gene TaqI a polymorphism among socially drinking males.

The dopaminergic system in the human brain is thought to play a major role in the development of alcohol consumption habits and alcoholism. It has been reported that homozygous D2-/- knock-out mice lacking D2 receptors consume about 50% to 60% less ethanol than wild-type D2+/+ mice, and heterozygous mice have an intermediate level of alcohol consumption. The DRD2 gene TaqI A polymorphism has been suggested to associate with a low D2 receptor density in post mortem and in vivo measurements. Numerous association studies on this polymorphism and alcoholism have shown most controversial results. We studied whether DRD2 TaqI A genotype affects alcohol consumption in an ethnically homogeneous, representative sample of 1,019 Finnish Caucasian males. After excluding the abstainers from the study, the self-reported alcohol consumption among the remaining 884 non-abstainers was compared in the TaqI A genotype groups (A1/A1, A1/A2, A2/A2). The alcohol consumption of the homozygous A1/A1 group was about 30% lower than in A1/A2 group, and 40% lower than in A2/A2 group (P = 0.042 and 0.041 in a sociodemographic variable-adjusted multivariate model). The results indicate an association between DRD2 genotype and alcohol consumption habits in humans. These results in the large sample of non-alcoholic males are also opposite to some previous findings on the higher A1 allele frequency among alcoholic populations.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2005

Association between the serotonin transporter gene and alcohol consumption in social drinkers.

Relatively few studies have investigated the role of the 5HTT gene in intermediate phenotypes such as alcohol consumption in non-alcohol dependent populations. A recent study reported an association with alcohol consumption in a student population. We attempted to replicate these findings and extend on this work in a representative, ethnically homogenous, non-alcohol dependent sample of social drinkers in the United Kingdom. The short allele of the 5HTT gene was significantly associated with increased alcohol consumption (P = 0.03). There was suggestive evidence of a genotype-sex interaction (P = 0.04). Post-hoc tests indicated higher alcohol consumption in men with one or more copies of the short allele, while in women consumption was highest among heterozygotes compared to both homozygote groups. Age at time of data collection and cigarette consumption were entered as covariates. These results replicate recent previous findings and suggest a possibility that this association may differ in men and women.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Khat (Catha edulis) consumption causes genotoxic effects in humans.

We used the micronucleus (MN) test to determine the genetic damage caused by khat, a widely consumed psychostimulant plant, in exfoliated cells of volunteers who chewed the drug on a regular basis. In the first study in which we compared the frequency of MN in buccal and bladder mucosa cells in 20 khat consumers (10-160 g/day) and 10 controls, a pronounced (8-fold) increase in micronucleated buccal mucosa cells was seen among khat consumers; khat consumption did not lead to a detectable elevation of micronucleated bladder mucosa cells. Among heavy khat chewers, 81% of the MN had a centromere signal indicating that khat is aneuploidogenic. To investigate the effect of simultaneous consumption of tobacco and alcoholic beverages, we compared the MN frequency in buccal cells of 25 khat consumers (20-85 g/day) who smoked cigarettes (15-60/day) and drank alcoholic beverages (15-80 g of pure ethanol/day) with a control group (control group I) of 25 individuals matched for age, body weight, tobacco and alcohol consumption and with another control group of 25 individuals (control group II) not consuming any of the drugs. The frequency of buccal mucosa cells with MN was higher in control group I than in group II and the effect of khat, tobacco and alcohol was found to be additive. A time-kinetics study on khat-induced MN showed that the highest frequency of MN was observed during the fourth week after consumption. In light of the large body of evidence on the close association between genetic damage and cancer, these results suggest that khat consumption, especially when accompanied by alcohol and tobacco consumption, might be a potential cause of oral malignancy.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Red meat consumption and risk of cancers of the proximal colon, distal colon and rectum: the Swedish Mammography Cohort.

Although there is considerable evidence that high consumption of red meat may increase the risk of colorectal cancer, data by subsite within the colon are sparse. The objective of our study was to prospectively examine whether the association of red meat consumption with cancer risk varies by subsite within the large bowel. We analyzed data from the Swedish Mammography Cohort of 61,433 women aged 40-75 years and free from diagnosed cancer at baseline in 1987-1990. Diet was assessed at baseline using a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire. Over a mean follow-up of 13.9 years, we identified 234 proximal colon cancers, 155 distal colon cancers and 230 rectal cancers. We observed a significant positive association between red meat consumption and risk of distal colon cancer (p for trend = 0.001) but not of cancers of the proximal colon (p for trend = 0.95) or rectum (p for trend = 0.32). The multivariate rate ratio for women who consumed 94 or more g/day of red meat compared to those who consumed less than 50 g/day was 2.22 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34-3.68) for distal colon, 1.03 (95% CI 0.67-1.60) for proximal colon and 1.28 (95% CI 0.83-1.98) for rectum. Although there was no association between consumption of fish and risk of cancer at any subsite, poultry consumption was weakly inversely related to risk of total colorectal cancer (p for trend = 0.04). These findings suggest that high consumption of red meat may substantially increase the risk of distal colon cancer. Future investigations on red meat and colorectal cancer risk should consider cancer subsites separately.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Coffee consumption and breast cancer risk among BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.

Although there are several plausible biologic mechanisms whereby coffee consumption might influence the risk of breast cancer, epidemiologic evidence is limited. We assessed the association between coffee consumption and breast cancer risk among high-risk women who carry BRCA mutations. We performed a matched case-control analysis on 1,690 women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation from 40 centers in 4 countries. Average lifetime coffee consumption was estimated via a self-administered questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. After adjustment for potential confounders, the ORs for breast cancer in BRCA carriers who habitually drank 0, 1-3, 4-5 and 6 or more cups of coffee were 1.00, 0.90 (95% CI 0.72-1.12), 0.75 (95% CI 0.47-1.19) and 0.31 (95% CI 0.13-0.71; p-trend = 0.02). The effect was limited to the consumption of caffeinated coffee. These results suggest that among women with BRCA gene mutation, coffee consumption is unlikely to be harmful and that high levels of consumption may in fact be related to reduced breast cancer risk.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Meat, fish, poultry and egg consumption in relation to risk of pancreatic cancer: a prospective study.

High meat consumption has been associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer in several, although not all, case-control studies. However, prospective data on this relationship are sparse, and the results have been inconsistent. We prospectively evaluated meat, fish, poultry, and egg consumption in relation to pancreatic cancer incidence in a population-based cohort of 61,433 Swedish women. Diet was assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire at baseline (1987-1990) and again in 1997. Pancreatic cancers were ascertained through linkage to the Swedish Cancer Register. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI). During the 941,218 person-years of follow-up, from 1987 through 2004, 172 incident cases of pancreatic cancer were diagnosed. Long-term red meat consumption (using data from both dietary questionnaires) was positively associated with risk of pancreatic cancer (p-trend = 0.01), whereas long-term poultry consumption was inversely (p-trend = 0.04) associated with risk. The multivariate hazard ratios for the highest versus the lowest category of consumption were 1.73 (95% CI = 0.99-2.98) for red meat and 0.44 (95% CI = 0.20-0.97) for poultry. There were no significant associations with processed meat, fish or egg consumption. Findings from this prospective study suggest that substituting poultry for red meat might reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed2006

Polymorphisms in the genes involved in the arachidonic acid-pathway, fish consumption and the risk of colorectal cancer.

The objective of this study on colorectal cancer was to investigate the associations between SNPs in the genes involved in the arachidonic acid (AA)-pathway, their haplotypes and colorectal cancer. Moreover, interactions between SNPs and fish consumption were considered. In this study, a total of 508 cases and 772 controls were included, originating from 2 prospective cohorts, the Monitoring Project on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors (PPHV) and Diagnostisch Onderzoek Mammacarcinoom (DOM). Genotypes of 23 SNPs in 7 candidate genes were determined and the modifying effect of fish consumption was considered. A protective effect of the minor allele of SNP V102V in PTGS2 was observed (odds ratio (OR), 0.37; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.16-0.87). The haplotype representing this allele showed a weaker inverse association, indicating that 2 alleles are necessary to obtain this protective effect. Fish consumption data was available for 209 cases and 418 controls. Increased fish consumption was inversely associated with cancer, although not significant (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.57-1.20). Despite the substantial reductions in cancer risk for some genotypes in combination with high fish intake, no significant interactions between any SNP studied and fish consumption were observed. We have previously described an association between colorectal adenomas and SNP V102V in PTGS2 and have now confirmed this association for colorectal adenocarcinomas. Fish consumption of once a week or more might protect against colorectal cancer, but no significant interactions with SNPs in the genes involved in the AA-pathway could be detected within the study.

Adult↗