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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

The scope and limits of conscientious objection.

Principles of religious freedom protect physicians, nurses and others who refuse participation in medical procedures to which they hold conscientious objections. However, they cannot decline participation in procedures to save life or continuing health. Physicians who refuse to perform procedures on religious grounds must refer their patients to non-objecting practitioners. When physicians refuse to accept applicants as patients for procedures to which they object, governmental healthcare administrators must ensure that non-objecting providers are reasonably accessible. Nurses' conscientious objections to participate directly in procedures they find religiously offensive should be accommodated, but nurses cannot object to giving patients indirect aid. Medical and nursing students cannot object to be educated about procedures in which they would not participate, but may object to having to perform them under supervision. Hospitals cannot usually claim an institutional conscientious objection, nor discriminate against potential staff applicants who would not object to participation in particular procedures.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1998

Sperry's concept of mind as an emergent property of brain function and its implications for the future of humankind.

Sperry's proposal that subjective experience plays a major role in brain function and in the emergence of mind, consciousness and human values represent a challenge to behaviorism as the dominant force in psychology. Mind is viewed as an emergent property of the brain, generated from and dependent upon neural activity, but nonetheless separate from it. Macrodeterministic factors result in the evolution of human values, which represent a critical key to world change. Two major conferences resulted from Sperry's challenge to the scientific community. The Trieste Conference led to a 'Declaration of Human Responsibilities', presently under consideration by the United Nations as a corollary to the 'Declaration of Human Rights'. The Japan Conference inspired work toward a Network University of the Green World, in which computer networking will support international communication in areas of environmental concern.

Brain↗
PubMed1998

Sperry and the Age of Aquarius: science, values and the split brain.

Although Sperry's empirical science reinforced a materialist view of the relation between mind and brain, his concept of an emergent consciousness that could causally influence neural function is reminiscent of Cartesian dualism, purportedly allowing for free will, individual responsibility for action and a synthesis of science with moral and religious values. Yet Sperry insisted that his view was entirely materialistic and that the critical distinction was not between a non-material mind and a material brain, but rather between holism and reductionism. A similar distinction is attributed to right- vs left-brain modes of thought as revealed by the split-brain studies, and Sperry's hope for the unification of holistic and reductionist approaches may also relate to his conviction that these two modes are fundamentally unified in the normal brain.

Conscience↗
PubMed2006

[Bilateral breast bacterial cellulite secondary to Streptococcus agalactiae septicemia].

BACKGROUND: We report a case of group B streptococcal septicemia of digestive origin with secondary bilateral breast dermal-hypodermal localization. CASE REPORT: A 71 year-old woman with a past history of bilateral breast cancer treated by conservation therapy was hospitalized because of the sudden occurrence of two clearly delimited, inflammatory, dermal-hypodermal cutaneous plaques located on each breast, associated with fever (39 degrees C), 4 days after a colonoscopy. Further investigations eliminated carcinomatous mastitis and blood cultures were positive for group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae). Histological examination of a sigmoid polyp revealed a tubular adenocarcinoma. DISCUSSION: We report the first documented case of secondary dermal-hypodermal bacterial skin infection (cellulitis) due to group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus. The occurrence after colonoscopy examination, chronology of clinical features, bilaterality and positive blood cultures are arguments in favor of the secondary nature of the skin infection process.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

CYP 450 enzyme induction by chronic oral musk xylene in adult and developing rats.

Developmental and adult toxicity of musk xylene was studied in Long Evans (LE) rats fed with chow containing musk xylene (MX) in food pellets in concentrations of 1 mg, 10 mg, 33 mg, 100 mg and 1000 mg MX per 1 kg chow corresponding to a daily intake of 0.07-0.08 mg MX/kg up to 70-80 mg MX/kg body weight. Adult male and female rats were MX exposed for a minimum of 10 weeks before mating. Exposure continued throughout pregnancy, birth and lactation. The effects of MX on CYP1A1/1A2 were studied in liver microsomes by EROD (7-ethoxyresorufin-rosomes deethylase) for CYP1A1 and by MROD (methoxyresorufin-o-demethylase) for CYP1A2 activity and by Western blotting. MX induced these enzymes dose dependently in adult and developing rats at PN (postnatal day) 1 and 14. The lowest effective maternal dose was 2-3 mg MX/kg/day. Western blot data of CYP2B and CYP3A indicated the induction of both P450 enzyme proteins in developing rats at PN 14 at the higher dose of 70-80 mg MX/kg/day. In contrast, upon high MX exposure CYP2B but not CYP3A was found to be induced in adult first generation male and female rats, indicating differential sensitivity to MX in development.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

CYP 450 enzyme induction by chronic oral musk xylene in adult and developing rats.

Developmental and adult toxicity of musk xylene was studied in Long Evans (LE) rats fed with chow containing musk xylene (MX) in food pellets in concentrations of 1 mg, 10 mg, 33 mg, 100 mg and 1000 mg MX per 1 kg chow corresponding to a daily intake of 0.07-0.08 mg MX/kg up to 70-80 mg MX/kg body weight. Adult male and female rats were MX exposed for a minimum of 10 weeks before mating. Exposure continued throughout pregnancy, birth and lactation. The effects of MX on CYP1A1/1A2 were studied in liver microsomes by EROD (7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase) for CYP1A1 and by MROD (methoxyresorufin-o-demethylase) for CYP1A2 activity and by Western blotting. MX induced these enzymes dose dependently in adult and developing rats at PN (postnatal day) 1 and 14. The lowest effective maternal dose was 2-3 mg MX/kg/day. Western blot data of CYP2B and CYP3A indicated the induction of both P450 enzyme proteins in developing rats at PN 14 at the higher dose of 70-80 mg MX/kg/day. In contrast, upon high MX exposure CYP2B but not CYP3A was found to be induced in adult first generation male and female rats, indicating differential sensitivity to MX in development.

Administration, Oral↗