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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Epidemiologic study of birth weight from birth certificates].

INTRODUCTION: Based on the fact that there is evidence of an association between low birth weight and neonatal and infant morbi-mortality, the World Health Organization considered birth weight as the main isolated factor associated with infant's survival. A study was undertaken to identify risk factors associated with low birth weight, using epidemiological and demographic variables present on the Birth Certificates, the source of data for the System of Information on Newborn Infants of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, for the purpose of motivating the use and the analysis of data currently generated in hospitals. METHOD: The distribution, by birth weight, of 14,784 single hospital newborn infants from five cities of the State of S. Paulo, Brazil, in an observation period of six months (1992), was analysed. Statistical analysis was based on point estimates (average, median and standard deviation) measures of association and confidence intervals (95%) of the prevalence ratios. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The highest proportion (10.4%) of low birth weight infants (weight less than 2,500 g) occurred in Itararé, the city with the highest infant mortality rate in the State, the overall proportion being 7.5%. Significant statistical associations between low birth weight and sex (female), gestational age (less than 37 weeks), mother's age (adolescent and 35 or more years of age) and parity were detected. The use of Birth Certificates in epidemiological and public health studies is highly recommended because of their validity, great importance and high coverage.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The various meanings of Brazil's certification as free of Chagas disease].

The article discusses Brazil's recent certification as free of Chagas disease transmission by Triatoma infestans, analyzing the various meanings ascribed to this position. Resulting mainly from measures by both the Chagas Disease Control Program (PCDCh) established in Brazil in 1975 and the Southern Cone Initiative launched in 1991, this certification has been interpreted in ways that lead to confusion between the elimination of Chagas disease transmission by T. infestans and eradication of the disease. The present status of vector transmission control in Brazil is discussed, with emphasis on the Northeast, in most States of which T. infestans is not the main species involved in transmission. The article highlights the need to broaden the discussion of the readings and consequences involved in the present control achievements in light of possible harm from misinterpretations that might jeopardize further efforts to control the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Risk factors for childhood homicides in Ohio: a birth certificate-based case-control study.

Death certificate of children less than 8 years of age who were killed between 1979 and 1986 were linked to their Ohio birth certificates and compared with those of Ohio children born in 1983 (controls). Having an unmarried mother increased risk of homicide almost fivefold (odds ratio 4.87). Having a teenage mother, a mother who had not graduated from high-school, and being of Black race or low birthweight each increased the risk by approximately threefold. Increases in the proportion of children born to unmarried mothers may contribute to increases in childhood homicide rates.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2002

Relationship of health services to medical expenses for the national health insurance and certification rate for long-term care insurance services in municipalities.

In many municipalities, implementation rates of health services mandated by the Health and Medical Service Law for the Elderly have not reached the national goal that was set at the start. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of health services using medical expenses for the National Health Insurance (NHI) and certification rate for long-term care insurance services in 99 municipalities in Gifu Prefecture as indices. Both indices were standardized by the age composition of the population. Among the health services, visit rates for health examinations or implementation rates for health education or health counseling correlated negatively with medical expenses for each insured person. The visit rate for gastric cancer screening correlated negatively with medical expenses for malignant neoplasms of the stomach. Implementation rates of health education or health counseling, or ratios of public health nurses correlated positively with certification rates for long-term support need and care need grade 1, and negatively with those for long-term care need grades 2, 3, and 4. The author concluded that medical expenses are reduced by the implementation of available health services, that early detection and prevention of aggravation of disease is essential for those who need long-term care services, and that health services must be reinforced with primary prevention.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Days lost by sickness certification.

Number of calendar days lost by sickness certification, according to cause, sex, and age, are reported. The basis of the study was 5,042 episodes of sickness certification among residents of Buskerud county in Norway in 1985. The number of days lost was estimated to be 19.8 per employed person per year (females 20.4, and males 19.2). There was an increase with age, but the number of days lost was almost the same for persons between 20 and 50 years of age. Conditions classifiable to the diagnostic groups musculoskeletal/connective tissue diseases, respiratory system diseases, injuries, and mental disorders were responsible for 70.4% of the total number of days lost. Among "single diagnoses" the most dominating were "back pain without radiating symptoms", "other nonarticular rheumatism", "influenza", "other bursitis, tendinitis & synovitis", and "depressive neurosis", and these accounted for 33.7% of the total number of days lost. Cause-, sex-, and age-specific numbers of days lost reflect the socioeconomic importance of different health problems. Such information may be useful in setting priorities in preventive medicine.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2000

Diagnoses and treatment recommendations on workers compensation medical certificates.

OBJECTIVE: To review the diagnostic descriptions and treatment recommendations for back and neck pain on the new workers compensation medical certificates and compare these with evidence-based guidelines. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of 251 medical certificates of workers with compensable neck and back pain held by a workers compensation insurer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Diagnoses given and treatments prescribed by the nominated treating doctors. RESULTS: The diagnoses most frequently used were "sprain/strain" and "pain/ache". Physiotherapy was the most frequently prescribed treatment, followed by rest and medication. Rest was prescribed for 68 (27%) workers, 87% of whom were classified as having an acute injury. Activity-based treatments were prescribed for 45 (18%) workers. CONCLUSIONS: Not all doctors used diagnostic terms consistent with recommended anatomical taxonomy. The drug therapy prescribed was consistent with current evidence-based treatment guidelines. However, the prescribing of rest, and the omission, in most cases, of explicit recommendations to resume normal activities, including work, are not consistent with current guidelines.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1996

Special issuance of third-class airman medical certificates to insulin-treated diabetic airman applicants--FAA. Policy statement.

This document announces the new policy of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regarding individuals with insulin-treated diabetes mellitus (ITDM) who apply for airman medical certification. It also addresses comments received concerning this policy as requested in a December 1994 Federal Register notice. The new policy will permit special issuance of third-class airman medical certificates to certain ITDM individuals who meet selection criteria and who successfully comply with an FAA-approved monitoring protocol.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1998

Avoiding unreasonable reliance on subcontractor certification.

Increasingly, subcontractors who provide products and services to device manufacturers are obtaining quality system certification. This is a laudable activity and should lead to improvements in the products and services being provided. However, some manufacturers place far too much reliance on this certification in their subcontractor assessment programmes. This article will discuss some of the dangers of this practice.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1992

[Carpal tunnel syndrome of occupational etiology--new problems in diagnosis and certification].

The work is based on the author's own experience during her employment as an expert at the Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lódź, and on the literature on diagnosing and certification of occupational etiology of the carpal tunnel syndrome. The paper also discusses the applicability of the electrophysiological tests for occupational certification, as well as the significance of having adequate information about the workplace of the examined people and the problem of expected difficulties in evaluating exposure to the due variable structure of production and services.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMed2004

[Features of certification for medical prophylactic and research institutions].

Based on experience of certification in N.N. Blokhin Russian Oncologic Research Center with RAMSc, the authors presented recommendation on certification of medical prophylactic and research institutions where the staffers treating oncologic patients and/ or conducting research work in contact with carcinogens.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2006

The influence of a Functional Capacity Evaluation on fitness for work certificates in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain.

BACKGROUND: Comprehensive medical assessments in the majority of patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) have failed to assess working capacity. Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE) has become increasingly popular in the evaluation of working capacity in CLBP patients. This study investigates the influence of functional testing on decision making concerning medical fitness assessments for work. METHODS: A randomized clinical trial comparing the effect of a function-centred (FCT) versus a pain-centred treatment (PCT) in patients with CLBP was performed. According to the legal requirements physicians issued Fitness for Work Certificates (FWCs) after rehabilitation. In the FCT group physicians were in possession of the results of FCE while this was not the case in the PCT group. Three experts assessed the FWCs and rated the quality and the information provided regarding working capacity in the previous work. RESULTS: Rating of the issued FWCs proved reliable (ICC = 0.77-0.92). Quality of FWCs and information regarding working capacity in the previous work differed significantly between the two groups (chi-square, p = 0.03, resp. = 0.008). There was a trend towards a higher attested work capacity in the FCT group (Mann-Whitney, p = 0.071). CONCLUSIONS: Functional Capacity Evaluation positively influences quality and information regarding working capacity of medical Fitness for Work Certificates in patients with chronic low back pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The sick employee: medical certificates and the primary care physician.

A medical certificate is the principal way physicians communicate an employee's illness or injury to the employer. The employer is entitled to nonspecific information as to whether or not the physician considers the release from work to be legitimate and whether the employee has any medical problems that might interfere with job performance or make the employee a health risk to self or to others on the job. Specific information about diagnosis is only required when an injury or illness is related to workers' compensation. The medical certificate should describe when the examination took place, should specify the period of time that the employee is unable to work and should designate when and under what conditions the employee may return to work.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1989

[Doctors' sickness certification practice].

Sickness certification is a frequent task for doctors. The economic consequences are important for the community. One problem is that many patients have subjective symptoms that cannot be verified by objective criteria. This paper describes the history of a patient in order to illustrate some of the challenges doctors meet when they have to issue sickness certificates to patients with such illnesses. The problem underlines how important it is for doctors to know in detail the rules laid down by the National Insurance Administration. The more important rules are described in the present paper.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Collison 6-jet nebulizer: choice for the certification test of the class II biological safety cabinet.

Three types of nebulizers, one plastic, one glass and Collison 6-jet nebulizers were tested, to select an appropriate nebulizer for the certification of the class II biological safety cabinets (BSC). Performance of the plastic and glass refluxing nebulizers were found to be both inconsistent from one to another, and not provide reproducible results. The Collison nebulizers, on the other hand, showed little variations and provided reproducible results. In addition, the Collison nebulizer generated constant spray volume when the fluid level in the reservoir was varied. To determine optimum discharge velocity of the Collison nebulizer, nebulizers with an outlet diameter of 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 mm were tested. For the personnel protection test, the main stream of aerosol sprayed from the Collison nebulizer with 14 mm outlet internal diameter hit the intersection of the test cylinder and the front opening. Each nebulizer with an outlet diameter of 12 to 16 mm located at the level of lower edge of the front window delivered aerosols more efficiently at the intersection than when located at 14 inches above the work surface. The aerosol from the 10 or 18 mm diameter nebulizers showed an inappropriate distribution. For the product protection test, the nebulizer with 14 mm outlet diameter showed the best distribution pattern around the test cylinder. In the cross contamination test, this nebulizer outperformed the 10 or 18 mm for class II BSC's without side wall effect. According to these results, the Collison nebulizer with 14 mm of internal diameter nozzle was found appropriate for the biological certification tests of the class II BSC. Exception was the cross contamination test of class II BSC with a side air intake between the internal side wall and the work surface, in which the nebulizer with 10 mm nozzle was the choice.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1978

[Diagnosis, prophylaxis and certification of occupational hearing loss].

The paper includes some methodical guides for the physicians dealing with hearing protection in noisy industry and diagnosis and certification of occupational hearing loss. The Polish norm PN-77 N-01310 concerning the damage risk criteria, permissible levels of noise on work-posts, role and damping qualities of ear protectors as well as principles pre-employment and follow-up medical examinations are discussed. Apart from the frequency of audiometric tests the author lists in detail the standard conditions of the performance of these tests and their methodology. Then such problems are presented as the clinic of noise-induced hearing impairment, diagnostic criteria and criteria of certification, differential diagnosis and principles of evaluating capability for work in case of those suffering from hearing loss of various degree.

Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced↗
PubMed1996

Clinical practice by certificate holders in the profession in which they are not certified. Ethical Practice Board.

From time to time, the Ethical Practice Board or the Council on Professional Ethics determines that members and certificate holders can benefit from additional analysis and instruction concerning a specific issue of ethical conduct. Issues in Ethics statements are intended to heighten sensitivity and increase awareness. They illustrate the Code of Ethics and are intended to promote thoughtful consideration of ethical issues. They may assist members and certificate holders engage in self-guided ethical decision-making. These statements do not absolutely prohibit or require specified activity. The facts and circumstances surrounding a matter of concern will determine whether the activity is ethical. This Issues in Ethics Statement replaces the previous one of the same title.

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association↗
PubMed1996

Aeromedical certification of a pilot with bi-lateral prosthetic hands--a case report.

This case report involved a 47-yr-old male pilot, with 20,000 h of total flight time, who was involved in an auto accident and suffered a traumatic amputation of both of his hands, as well as head injuries with temporary cognitive deficits. He underwent rehabilitation and was fitted with Otto Bock myoelectrically-controlled upper extremity (right and left) prostheses. In the past, the FAA had medically certified a total of 17 pilots (3 Second-Class and 14 Third-Class) with unilateral amputated hands (8-left and 9-right). This was the first case involving a bilateral hand amputee. This report describes the aeromedical certification procedure used to determine this pilot's fitness for the issuance of a Third Class Medical Certificate.

Aerospace Medicine↗