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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Neisseria sicca peritonitis in a patient maintained on chronic peritoneal dialysis.

Neisseria sicca, previously classified as a "nonpathogenic" organism, has now been recognized as a cause of many infections, including endocarditis and meningitis. However, it has not been reported as a cause of peritonitis. We present a case of documented N. sicca peritonitis immediately following an episode of Staphylococcus aureus peritonitis in a pediatric chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD) patient. N. sicca should be considered as a possible pathogen in CPD-associated peritonitis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1996

Mortality trends in pediatric patients with chronic renal failure.

Mortality trends were analyzed in 441 children and adolescents with chronic renal failure (CRF) observed over a 24-year period before and after institution of renal replacement therapy (RRT). A total of 93 patients died. Overall mortality rate (MR) per 100 patient years decreased from 6.6 in 1969-1978 to 2.5 in 1979-1988 and increased slightly to 2.9 in 1989-1992. The fall involved all four modes of treatment: conservative, hemodialysis (HD), continuous peritoneal dialysis (CPD), and transplantation (TX). From 1979-1988 to 1989-1992 MR on conservative and on dialysis treatment changed only slightly and was similar on HD and CPD. An alarming rise in MR was noted after TX in 1989-1992, mainly due to malignant tumors. In 44 patients who died on conservative treatment, the reasons for non-acceptance for RRT were analyzed: in 22 multi-morbidity was the main reason, usually because of a congenital neurological disorder. Some patients died from advanced uremia or unexpected events after the decision to institute RRT. Our experience demonstrates a persistent mortality in pediatric patients with CRF, which in recent years is primarily ascribed to congenital multi-morbid conditions which make RRT unfeasible, infections on dialysis treatment, and malignancies after TX.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Source model and scalp topography of pattern reversal visual evoked potentials to altitudinal stimuli suggest that infoldings of calcarine fissure are not part of VEP generators.

Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to pattern reversal vertical bar stimuli were recorded from 19 scalp, 2 zygomatic and 3 inion derivations referenced to digitally linked earlobes in 50 controls. 1, 2 and 4 cycles per degree (cpd) patterns were presented as full field (FF) stimuli, on upper and lower hemifields (UHF-LHF), upper and lower quadrants and with the occlusion of central and peripheral UHF and LHF. VEPs to octant stimuli were also recorded with 2 cpd patterns. N1, P1 and N2 components were recorded from posterior and inion derivations with FF stimuli, from posterior derivations with LHF stimuli, only from inion leads with UHF stimuli, from derivations ipsilateral to stimuli with quadrants and octants, and from midline derivations only with lower quadrants. Polarity inverted sequences (iP1-iN1-iP2) were recorded from the other scalp derivations, with similar latency and spatial frequency sensitivity as N1-P1-N2. The orientation of Equivalent Dipoles (ED) was orthogonal with surface coordinates of mesial and occipito-polar calcarine cortex, measured on Magnetic Resonance Imaging. A model of VEP generators is proposed, suggesting that the VEP sequence is elicited only in mesial and occipito-polar surfaces of calcarine cortex.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Growth stimulation of ovarian and extraovarian mesothelial cells by corpus luteum extract.

Ovarian (OM) and extraovarian (EM) mesothelia represent a common source of gynecologic malignancies with yet unclear pathogenesis. Ovulation triggers a finite wave of DNA synthesis and morphogenesis only in native OM cells, probably through the activation of intraovarian growth factors. To evaluate their growth response to such factors, OM and EM cells were obtained from estrous New Zealand white rabbits by enzymatic dispersion and unit gravity sedimentation. Cell cultures were maintained in serumless, fibronectin-rich, HL-1 medium without or with rabbit corpora lutea tissue extracts (CLE). The growth effects of CLE were evaluated by measuring percent changes in cell number relative to controls (CCN), cell population doublings (CPD), cell population doubling time in hours (CPDT). After 7.5 days, CLE enhance (P < 0.001) the growth of both OM and EM cells, which exhibited, respectively, a CCN of 214 and 257%; a CPD of 2.89 and 2.87; and a CPDT of 54.39 and 59.49. CLE-treated OM and EM cells were smaller, formed more cohesive monolayers, and exhibited more frequent and diffuse microvilli than control cells. These data show a similar in vitro response of OM and EM cells to luteal growth factors, suggesting that the lack of postovulatory morphogenesis in native extraovarian mesothelia is due to the spatially restricted activity of intraovarian growth factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Adrenocortical carcinoma with Cushing's syndrome presenting unusual urinary 17-ketosteroid fractionation.

A case of adrenal carcinoma with Cushing's syndrome was presented. Endocrinological and morphological investigations disclosed the presence of a functional adrenal carcinoma. This case was characterized by its unusual urinary 17-ketosteroid (17-KS) fractionation, i.e. a marked elevation of 17-KS was accompanied by the increments of etiocholanolone, but not of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) or androsterone. Measurements of the plasma adrenocorticosteroids revealed normal DHEA and DHEA-S (sulfate) levels, moderately increased 17-OH-pregnenolone, and markedly increased (less than 100 times the normal) 11-deoxycortisol (cpd S). Therefore, it seems plausible that the normal urinary DHEA level in this patient would have occurred as a result of remarkably low C17-20 lyase activity sufficient to hamper DHEA production, and that markedly increased etiocholanolone might possibly have been converted from cpd S as well as from DHEA and androstenedione through 5 beta-reduction.

17-Ketosteroids↗
PubMed2006

[Sleifting from continuing medical education to continuing professional development. The example of the German assessment system for surgeons].

In addition to medical knowledge and skills, medical competency includes critical self-refection and professional mistake management, the ability to manage the administrative workload and techniques of professional communication and leadership. In addition to that physicians have to develop social competency and empathy for staff members and patients. Continuing medical education (CME) focuses on continuing development of medical knowledge and skills. To develop the additional aspects of medical competency the concept of medical education has to be broadened to continuing professional development (CPD). In different European countries and North America CPD includes a regular mandatory system to evaluate medical competency. Assessment systems like PAR in Alberta/Canada provide doctors with a 360 degree analysis of their daily work, showing the potential for future improvement. ECKO (Evaluation of Surgical Competency) is an adapted assessment system for German surgeons available on a voluntary basis. For the first time in Germany physicians are able to take part in a strength-weakness analysis of their daily work. They receive recommendations on practice improvement and an educational prescription for individual further education.

Certification↗
PubMed2003

Delimitation of the chromosomal region for a quantitative trait locus, qUVR- 10, conferring resistance to ultraviolet-B radiation in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Wide variation in ultraviolet-B (UVB) resistance is observed among rice varieties. In a previous study, three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling UVB resistance were detected by QTL analysis, using backcross inbred lines (BILs) derived from a cross between a japonica cultivar, 'Nipponbare', and an indica cultivar, 'Kasalath'. Among them, qUVR- 10, a QTL for UVB resistance on chromosome 10, showed the largest effect. Plants homozygous for the Nipponbare allele at qUVR- 10 were resistant to UVB, unlike those homozygous for the Kasalath allele. To determine more precisely the chromosomal location of qUVR- 10, we performed a linkage mapping of qUVR- 10 as a single Mendelian factor using advanced backcross progeny. Advanced progeny testing of F(4) families enabled us to determine the genotype classes of the qUVR- 10 locus with high reliability. As a result, qUVR- 10 was mapped between RFLP markers C60755S and C1757S, and co-segregated with C913A. In addition, a sequence showing high similarity to the Arabidopsis cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photolyase gene, which has been found to be involved in sensitivity to UV radiation in Arabidopsis and rice, was mapped in the candidate genomic region of qUVR- 10. This result suggests that the CPD photolyase gene is a positional candidate for qUVR- 10.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMedDate not supplied

PhrA, the major photoreactivating factor in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 codes for a cyclobutane-pyrimidine-dimer-specific DNA photolyase.

A new broad-host-range plasmid, pSL1211, was constructed for the over-expression of genes in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. The plasmid was derived from RSF1010 and an Escherichia coli over-expression plasmid, pTrcHisC. Over-expressed protein is made with a removable N-terminal histidine tag. The plasmid was used to over-express the phrA gene and purify the gene product from Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. PhrA is the major ultraviolet-light-resistant factor in the cyanobacterium. The purified PhrA protein exhibited an optical absorption spectrum similar to that of the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) DNA photolyase from Synechocuccus sp. strain PCC 6301 (Anacystis nidulans). Mass spectrometry analysis of PhrA indicated that the protein contains 8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2) as cofactors. PhrA repairs only cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer but not pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidinone photoproducts. On the basis of these results, the PhrA protein is classified as a class I, HDF-type, CPD DNA photolyase.

ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters↗
PubMed2005

Properties of pupillary responses to dynamic random-dot stereograms.

Pupillary response can be elicited by a number of visual stimuli. In the present experiments, the pupillary responses to stereo gratings with various spatial frequencies and disparity amplitudes were measured. The spatial frequency was from 0.1 to 1.2 cycles per degree (cpd), and the disparity amplitude was from 4 to 24 min arc. The results showed that pupillary responses can be elicited by all these stereo gratings except when either the spatial frequency or disparity amplitude was reduced to zero. When the disparity amplitude was fixed to 8 min arc, the pupillary response amplitude increased with increasing spatial frequency, eventually reaching a plateau. While the spatial frequency was fixed to 0.3 cpd, the pupillary response amplitude continued to increase within the range of disparity amplitude. This provides a different approach to demonstrate that these pupillary responses were induced by stereo information. In addition, the stereo pupillary responses may be further developed as an objective method to study stereopsis. Finally, plausible underlying mechanisms of the stereo pupillary response are discussed.

Depth Perception↗
PubMed2000

Paecilomyces variotii peritonitis in an infant on automated peritoneal dialysis.

Fungal peritonitis is a serious complication of chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD) and is frequently associated with CPD drop-out. Paecilomyces variotii, a common saprophytic fungus, rarely causes human infection. To date, only nine adult or adolescent patients with P. variotii peritonitis during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis have been reported. In all patients, successful treatment required antifungal therapy and removal of the peritoneal catheter. We report the first case of P. variotii peritonitis in an infant on automated peritoneal dialysis successfully treated with combined intraperitoneal and oral fluconazole, without removal of the peritoneal catheter.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between corneal aberrations and contrast sensitivity after hyperopic laser in situ keratomileusis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between corneal aberrations and contrast sensitivity (CS) after hyperopic laser in situ keratomileusis (H-LASIK). METHODS: In 13 patients (13 eyes) who underwent H-LASIK, we measured CS and corneal topography preoperatively and at 1 year postoperatively. Photopic and scotopic CS values were measured at 3, 6, and 12 cycles/degree (cpd) using an MCT-8000 contrast tester. Corneal aberrations were determined from the data on corneal topography using CTView. The corneal high-order aberrations were defined as the sum of the third- and fourth-order aberrations in the 4-mm zone and the sum of the third- to sixth-order aberrations in the 6-mm-zone. RESULTS: Under scotopic conditions at 12 cpd, the changes in CS significantly correlated with changes in the corneal aberrations. Scotopic CS was significantly deteriorated by glare, but photopic CS was not significantly changed. H-LASIK induced a significant increase in corneal aberrations that positively correlated with the amount of correction, regardless of the improvement in logMAR corrected visual acuity. LogMAR corrected visual acuity did not significantly correlate with corneal aberrations. Furthermore, decentration significantly correlated with the changes in the 6-mm zone corneal aberrations. CONCLUSIONS: In eyes after H-LASIK, the changes in scotopic CS significantly correlated with those in the corneal aberrations, which might have resulted from decentration or ablation profiles in H-LASIK and a relatively small optical zone. Further studies will be needed to validate this relationship.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Influence of diet on fatty acids and tocopherols in M. longissimus dorsi from reindeer.

Our aim was to compare the effects of two pelleted diets containing differing FA composition with natural lichen pasture on reindeer's meat FA composition. In addition we wanted to increase the knowledge about reindeer FA metabolism and the effect of animal sex and age on FA composition in reindeer muscle. The trial included five reindeer groups: three grazing, consisting of adult males, adult females, and calves; and two groups of calves fed conventional pellets (CPD) and pellets containing crushed linseed (LPD), respectively, for two months before slaughter. Differences between male and female animals were mainly found in the neutral lipid fraction and related to fatness. Calves differed significantly from adult males and females in FA and lipid class composition. CPD led to a higher ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA compared with grazing. The ratio n-6/n-3 in the polar lipid (PL) fraction of the animals fed LPD was slightly, but not significantly, higher than that in the grazing reindeer. LPD-fed animals had lower proportions of long-chain polyunsaturated FA (LCPUFA), namely 20:4n-6, 22:5n-3, and 22:6n-3, in the PL fraction compared with the grazing animals due to the content of these FA in the natural feed. The animals seemed unable to elongate dietary FA in significant amounts. We conclude that by adding crushed linseed to the pellets it was possible to keep the favorable FA composition of meat from grazing reindeer with regard to the n-6/n-3 ratio but not in LCPUFA.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1980

An evaluation of the usefulness of x-ray pelvimetry: comparison of the Thoms and modified Ball methods with manual pelvimetry.

One hundred studies by x-ray pelvimetry of cephalic presentations were retrospectively analyzed. The Thoms method of interpretation was compared to the modified Ball technique, and both were then contrasted with manual assessment of the pelvis, as prognostic indicators for safe vaginal delivery. Uneventful nonoperative vaginal deliveries occurred in 28.6% of patients with either inlet or midpelvic disproportion by the Thoms method, and in 22.5% of women with absolute disproportion in either plane by the modified Ball method. Neither of the two pelvimetric techniques was significantly more accurate than manual assessment of the pelvis in predicting obstetric outcome. The modified Ball technique offered no improvement over the Thoms method. In view of the high rate of false positives in this series, and the potential oncogenic risk of fetal irradiation, argument is presented for a full trial of labor in vertex presentations, except in the most clinically obvious cases of cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD). The data from this study suggest that there is no significant role for x-ray pelvimetry in the diagnosis and management of CPD in cephalic presentations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A scanning electron microscopic study of the odontoblast process in human coronal dentine.

It is generally accepted that the odontoblast process occupies the dentinal tubules only in the inner part of the dentine, extending approx 0.7 mm from the pulp in both animals and man. Twenty-three premolars, molars and third molars from subjects aged 11-24 yr, all caries-free or only slightly decayed, were processed immediately after extraction by one of four methods. (I) Teeth were split in liquid nitrogen and then fixed, dehydrated in ascending ethanol, and dried by critical point drying (CPD). (II) Teeth were fractured by use of a mallet and a chisel and then prepared as in Method I. (III) The root was cut off using a diamond disk or a mallet and a chisel and the crown was then fixed, fractured in liquid nitrogen, dehydrated and CPD. (IV) As Method III but following fixation the teeth were freeze-dried. All specimens were examined in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). In specimens prepared by Methods II, III or IV the odontoblast process was limited to the inner third of crown dentine. However in all the specimens prepared by Method I the odontoblast process extended to the dentine-enamel junction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Pelvic assessment and cephalo-pelvic disproportion in Central Tanzania.

Among 201 primigravidae, pelvic assessment was analyzed prospectively during the third trimester to detect patients likely to suffer from cephalo-pelvic disproportion (CPD). If the sacral promontory (SP) was reached by the index finger (9.0-9.5 cm true conjugate) the pelvis was regarded as "suspect". All patients who later developed CPD were in this group. Of the screened primigravidas, 22% were advised to deliver in the hospital. Pelvic assessment is an important screening tool during antenatal care to detect high-risk primigravidas.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1993

Maternal height as a predictor of vaginal delivery.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to establish a relationship between maternal height and vaginal delivery. METHOD: A prospective study of 900 primigravidas in labor in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital was conducted. A questionnaire was developed and administered by research assistants. The results were analyzed using the X2-test. RESULTS: Of the 900 patients who delivered, 538 were studied. The remaining patients were excluded from the study because of factors described under exclusion criteria. A critical height of 154 cm was chosen as the screening height for 'at risk' of cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD). This height would identify 71.1% of women who would develop CPD. CONCLUSION: Short women with heights up to 150 cm are at risk of failing spontaneous vaginal delivery and should be referred to hospitals where labor could be closely monitored and cesarean section performed if necessary.

Body Height↗
PubMed1977

21-Hydroxylation of C-11-oxygenated and C-11-deoxysteroids by perfused dog adrenals.

The left adrenal of two female dogs were perfused with either 3 muCi [4-14C]cpd. S (2) and 45 muCi [1, 2-3H] 21-deoxycortisone (Dog I), or with 1 muCi [4-14C] 17-hydroxyprogesterone and 65 muCi [1,2-3H] 21-deoxycortisone (Dog II). In Dog I, 40% of the perfused 21-deoxycortisone was converted to cortisone and 23% of cpd. S was converted to cortisol. In Dog II the percent conversion of 21-deoxycortisone to cortisone and of 17- hydroxyprogesterone to cortisol was 24% and 15% respectively. The results demonstrate that the dog adrenal has the capability of hydroxylating an 11-oxygenated steroid at C-21.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1990

Contrast discrimination cannot explain spatial frequency, orientation or temporal frequency discrimination.

Current models of spatial frequency (SF) and orientation discrimination are based on contrast discrimination data. In these "error propagation" models, the precision of all discrimination tasks is limited by "peripheral" noise in contrast-sensitive channels. Therefore, all discrimination thresholds should be proportional to the contrast Weber fraction delta c/c. To test this prediction, increment thresholds were measured for contrast, SF, orientation and temporal frequency (TF) for contrasts ranging from 2 to 50%. All measurements used the same stimuli, procedures and observers. For contrasts of 2% and higher, the contrast discrimination threshold delta c rises with approximately the 0.6 power of contrast, while SF and TF discrimination are independent of contrast. Furthermore, orientation discrimination is nearly independent of contrast at a SF of 4 cpd. No error-propagation model can explain these results. Therefore, SF and TF discrimination, and orientation discrimination at 4 cpd are limited by contrast-independent central noise.

Contrast Sensitivity↗