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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Chronic hydroquinone poisoning of the skin from skin-lightening cosmetics. A South African epidemic of ochronosis of the face in dark-skinned individuals.

Attention is drawn to the widespread use of bleaching preparations by Black women. These products often contain hydroquinone. They act efficiently as bleaching agents, but chronic oversaturation of the skin with hydroquinone eventually produces ochronosis. This complication has reached epidemic proportions in the Transvaal. Although the assay of hydroquinone in cosmetic products has not yet been standardized, we present some provisional results. The clinical, social and industrial aspects are also significant.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1994

[Experimental and clinical observation on wrinkle correction by medical cosmetic collagen injection].

Medical cosmetic collagen is a new biomaterial for soft tissue augmentation, such as wrinkle correction, It consists of highly purified human collagen. The ratio of type I and type III collagen is 44/56. The persistence of collagen in rats is more than one year. Rat cells and capillaries grew into the injections. Fibroblasts synthesized rat collagen. Capillaries established blood supply. The clinical observation on 123 cases proved the safety of this product. No adverse reactions developing from the use of the collagen were found. It was effective in correcting contour deformities of the skin. More than 90% correction results were excellent or good.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Pharmaceutical and cosmetic emulsifiers].

The present review paper summarizes the most significant theoretical knowledge and factors of correct selection of emulsifiers for cosmetic and pharmaceutical topical emulsions. The problems discussed include securing the stability of emulsions, the origin ant the health and ecological defectlessness of the emulsifier, as well as some others. The comparative study presents also a list of some trade names of traditional and newly designed nonionic emulsifiers produces by important manufacturers used or recommended for this type of emulsions.

Cosmetics↗
PubMed1993

[An epidemiologic survey on the cosmetic use of bleaching agents by the women of Bamako (Mali)].

In Mali, the cosmetic use of bleaching agents by black people has become a social phenomenon. How wide is this practice is not precisely known. We report the results of a survey conducted in Bamako among women aged from 15 to 45 years in order to evaluate the prevalence of this practice and its socio-economic factors. Two-hundred and ten women were questioned during the cluster survey. Among these, 53 (25 p. 100) used bleaching agents which were topical cortico-steroids (37), hydroquinone-containing products (21), mercury derivatives (11) and products of unknown composition (16). Dermatological side-effects were observed, but they did not hinder the use of these agents. Bleaching was particularly frequent in unmarried women (39 p. 100), literate women (34 p. 100) and female students (45 p. 100).

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1994

Determination of azelaic acid in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics by RP-HPLC after pre-column derivatization.

This paper reports a RP-HPLC method for the determination in topics of azelaic acid, a keratolytic and anti-comedogenic agent widely used in the treatment of all types of acne. A derivatization step was needed prior to chromatographic analysis because the analyte is lacking in chromophore. A sample clean-up procedure by solid-phase extraction was also developed to analyse azelaic acid in complex matrices, such as pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1994

Gas chromatographic determination of chlorinated pesticides and PCBs in complex cosmetic matrices.

An investigation was performed in order to evaluate the presence as polluting agents of chlorinated hydrocarbons in complex cosmetic matrices. Chlorinated pesticides, such as Dieldrin, alpha-Endosulfan, Heptachlor, alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH), Lindane and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) such as Aroclor 1254, were studied in two ingredients and in three finished commercial products. The analytical procedure consists of extraction, extract clean-up, separation of pesticides from PCBs, identification and measurement. Analysis was performed by gas chromatography with electron-capture detector, identity of pesticides and PCBs was assumed from retention times and quantification was based on peak-height measurements.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1975

[Chronic mercury poisoning from cosmetic creams (author's transl)].

Two cases of chronic mercury poisoning are reported. Both patients had used a skin cream containing mercury for years which contained the latter substance in various strengths (3%-50%). The creams are commercially available, usually in 20 g tin as a skin whitener or skin care preparation. According to the regulations in force, preparations containing not more than 5% Hg in the form of white precipitate can be freely obtained without prescription in drug-stores and perhaps also in shops dealing in cosmetics. The limits of tolerance at which the first symptoms of mercury poisoning may appear may perhaps have been already reached by the regular use of freely purchasable preparations.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Micro-determination of p-hydroxybenzoic esters in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

A rapid and specific method is described for the determination of microamounts of methyl, propyl, and butyl p-hydroxybenzoic esters (parabens) in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The method involves the direct extraction of parabens into benzene or chloroform followed by derivatization with phosphorochloridate. The diethyl phosphate ester derivatives are cleaned up on a Florisil minicolumn and finally measured by gas-liquid chromatography on 5% OV-210 on Gas-Chrom Q. A flame photometric detector or a KCl thermionic detector may be used. The concentration response was linear up to 40 ng parabens. The reproducibility and margin or error were tested with fortified samples. This method may be applied to the estimation of other phenol derivatives.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1995

In vitro efficacy evaluation of cosmetic products: a pool of tests on cultured cells.

The efficacy of cosmetic products and active substances have been investigated on human keratinocytes cell line on a pool of tests. The work aimed to study the possible modifications of the biological parameters tested (cytotoxicity and cytoskeleton morphology) related to the cellular adhesion function. The results have permitted to define different activities, for the different products, compared to the untreated culture and to their placebo.

Cell Survival↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of allantoin in biological, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical samples.

Methods for determining allantoin in biological, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical samples are reviewed. The methods cover 3 main categories: spectrophotometry, alkalimetric titration, and chromatography (thin-layer and liquid). Comments are given on suitability for different sample types and on further development of methods for allantoin determination.

Allantoin↗
PubMed1994

[Artificial depigmentation practice of the skin in women of Dakar and analytical study of the cosmetic products used].

This survey which involved 6 salesman and 159 women, allowed us to carry out a study on the different cosmetic products used by women in Dakar to artificially bleach their skin. An analytical study has been conducted on those skin bleaching products through colorimetric identifications of hydroquinone, corticoids and mercurial derivates and the dosage of hydroquinone by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). It was established that those products were essentially corticoids and hydroquinone based products and could induce serious dermatological troubles to users. This phenomenon, known in Wolof "xessal", and motivated by various factors, is facilitated by easy access to skin bleaching products available in the town market places. It affects an important part of the female population of all ages (educated, illiterate, married and single). In view of the importance of the phenomenon, emergency actions must be taken to eradicate it.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of 2-ethylhexyl 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino) benzoate in commercial sunscreens and cosmetic products.

An analytical method has been developed for determination of 2-ethylhexyl 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino) benzoate (NMPABAO), a nitrosamine contaminant in sunscreen products containing 2-ethylhexyl 4-(N,N-dimethylamino) benzoate (Padimate O). The method involves extraction of NMPABAO by column chromatography followed by liquid chromatographic separation and analysis wit a nitric oxide detector. To confirm the presence of NMPABAO in sunscreen products, the N-nitrosamine was synthesized and its structure was determined by infrared spectrophotometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and mass spectrometry (MS). For method validation, recovery studies were performed on a commercial suntan lotion, cream, and gel. Recoveries of NMPABAO added to representative test samples averaged 83%. The method has an estimated detection limit of 30 ppb. The method was used to analyze 25 commercial cosmetic and sunscreen products containing Padimate O. Eleven products contained NMPABAO at levels ranging from 160 to 21000 ppb. NMPABAO presence in 4 products was confirmed by MS at levels > or = 4000 ppb. The highest levels of NMPABAO were associated with products that contained the nitrite-releasing preservative 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol.

Carcinogens↗
PubMed1997

Application of triphenyltetrazolium chloride in microbial limit test in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Multiple- tube method for yeasts detection.

The triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) was studied as a means to detect yeasts growth in liquid medium, aiming its application to microbial limit test using Multiple-tube method, for testing pharmaceuticals or cosmetics samples with opacity. The results from most probable number (MPN) using TTC and sub-culture techniques obtained from the tests of simulated samples, spiked with Candida albicans and Sacharomyces cerevisiae, showed to be equivalents.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1997

[Contact allergy for perfume ingredients in cosmetics and toilet articles].

Fragrance materials are not only present in products primarily used for their scent such as perfume, eau de toilette, deodorant and aftershave, but also in cosmetics, toiletries, household products and industrial materials. Of the general population, approximately one percent are allergic to fragrance materials, men nearly as frequent as women. Of patients consulting the dermatologist because of dermatitis, 6-11% have a positive patch test to the fragrance mix. Allergic contact dermatitis due to fragrances usually consists of erythema and desquamation, often localized in the neck, behind the ears, in the arm-pits or around the eyes. It can worsen pre-existing dermatoses such as hand eczema, atopic dermatitis, perianal dermatitis or vulvar dermatitis. The diagnosis of contact allergy to fragrances is made by epicutaneous tests with the European standard series (including some markers for fragrance sensitivity: the fragrance mix, balsam of Peru and colophony) and the patient's own contact materials. A positive patch test reaction must be followed by evaluation of its relevance. Advice to the patient is directed towards avoidance of fragranced products, if possible, and explanation of how use tests can identify fragranced products which can be used without ill effects.

Cosmetics↗
PubMed1998

An evaluation of the effect of an alpha hydroxy acid-blend skin cream in the cosmetic improvement of symptoms of moderate to severe xerosis, epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, and ichthyosis.

A number of genetic, intrinsic, and extrinsic factors can cause conditions of problem dry skin, marked by unusual dryness, rough texture, and extreme flaking and scaling, that are generally not controlled by conventional moisturizers. A study was undertaken to evaluate the safety and efficacy of two novel alpha hydroxy acid (AHA)-containing creams in reducing the appearance and symptoms of problem dry skin on subjects with a range of dry skin conditions, including xerosis, epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, and ichthyosis. Twenty subjects completed a course of treatment with either regular or extra strength AHA-blend cream on a test site, compared with a currently marketed, non-AHA moisturizing lotion on a control site. Subjects were treated for 4 weeks, with clinical evaluations performed at weeks 0, 2, and 4. The test for mulations reduced symptoms and improved cosmetic appearance following 2 weeks of use, with continued improvement following 4 weeks of use. Improvements were significant compared to baseline and compared to sites treated with the control lotion. Some patients experienced mild to moderate local adverse effects; all subjects were able to continue using the test product for the duration of the study.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Photodynamic therapy of multiple nonmelanoma skin cancers with verteporfin and red light-emitting diodes: two-year results evaluating tumor response and cosmetic outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Efficient treatment of patients with multiple synchronous nonmelanoma skin cancers represents a therapeutic challenge. OBJECTIVE: To study the safety and efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin and red light in the treatment of multiple nonmelanoma skin cancers. DESIGN: Open-label, randomized, multicenter, dose-ranging phase 2 study conducted at 4 North American university-based dermatology clinics. PATIENTS: Fifty-four patients with 421 multiple nonmelanoma skin cancers including superficial and nodular basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen disease). METHODS: A single intravenous infusion of 14 mg/m(2) of verteporfin followed 1 to 3 hours later by exposure of tumors to 60, 120, or 180 J/cm(2) of red light (688 +/- 10 nm) from a light-emitting diode panel. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pathologic response of treated sites was assessed at 6 months. Clinical and cosmetic responses were assessed and graded at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after verteporfin PDT, with optional follow-up visits at 12, 18, and 24 months. RESULTS: The histopathologic response, defined as absence of tumor on biopsy specimens 6 months after verteporfin PDT, ranged from 69% at 60 J/cm(2) to 93% at 180 J/cm(2). At 24 months of follow-up (276 tumors in 31 patients), the clinical complete response rate ranged from 51% at 60 J/cm(2) to 95% at 180 J/cm(2). No significant systemic adverse events were observed; most events occurred at the treated tumor sites and included events such as pain. Overall, 65% (95% confidence interval, 58%-71%) of tumors were judged to have good to excellent cosmesis at 24 months. CONCLUSION: A single course of verteporfin PDT showed treatment benefit for patients with multiple nonmelanoma skin cancers.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postoperative chemosis after cosmetic eyelid surgery: surgical management with conjunctivoplasty.

Persistent conjunctival chemosis in patients who have undergone cosmetic eyelid surgery is an uncommon but aesthetically undesirable and potentially debilitating postoperative complication. We attempted to determine if a regional conjunctivoplasty can effectively reduce signs and symptoms of chronic postoperative chemosis in these patients. Three patients with iatrogenic chemosis resistant to conservative management (ie, lubrication, pressure patching, and steroid drops) and persisting for more than 6 months after the initial surgery were included. A limbal peritomy followed by subconjunctival and sub-Tenon's fascia dissection was performed in regions of clinically detectable chemosis. Patients were followed postoperatively for 3 to 9 months to assess clinical response. All patients demonstrated significant objective improvement in clinically observable chemosis as well as symptoms related to ocular surface dryness.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Bacterial corneal ulcers in cosmetic soft contact lens wearers.

Soft contact lenses provide a safe alternative to spectacles for more than 1 million patients. However, the hazard of bacterial corneal ulcers exists. This report describes five cosmetic soft contact lens wearers who developed bacterial corneal ulcers. In three cases, the resulting visual acuity was 6/120 or less. Possible sources of contamination are discussed, but in no case was it determined.

Adolescent↗