Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “CHOLELITHIASIS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

An animal model of pigment cholelithiasis.

Pigment stones of high calcium content were induced in male hamsters of the Harlan Sprague-Dawley strain fed a nutritionally adequate semipurified diet for a period of 14 weeks. The diet contained moderate amounts of cholesterol (0.30 percent) and ethinyl estradiol (15 micrograms/day per animal). At sacrifice, the incidence of pigment stones was 50 percent. When stones were present, they were in the form of numerous black amorphous rods about 0.1 to 0.4 mm in length. Infrared analysis of the dried stones indicated the following composition: calcium phosphate 26.7 percent, calcium bilirubinate 12.8 percent, cholesterol 15.1 percent, and protein 45.4 percent. Pigment stones were associated with an elevated biliary total calcium level (probably induced by the dietary cholesterol) and a paradoxic decrease in the biliary total bilirubin level. The lithogenic diet produced marked elevations in liver and plasma cholesterol levels and cholesterol saturation of bile, but no cholesterol crystals or stones were observed. The accumulation of elevated levels of cholesterol in the livers of the experimental animals produced mild to moderate hepatotoxicity. The precise mechanism of the dietary induction of pigment stones in this hamster model remains to be elucidated.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Biliary proteins and the nucleation defect in cholesterol cholelithiasis.

A study was performed to determine whether differences in gallbladder proteins might be present in patients with rapidly nucleating bile. Gallbladder and hepatic bile protein concentrations were measured using a fluorometric assay. The method was validated by an independent technique, i.e., hydrolysis and amino acid analysis. Persons with cholesterol gallstones had significantly higher gallbladder bile protein concentrations than patients without gallbladder disease or patients with pigment stones. The protein concentration correlated with the in vitro nucleation time in the cholesterol stone group. Gallbladder bile proteins were also purified by chromatography and gradient ultracentrifugation. Proteins from patients with cholesterol gallstones accelerated the nucleation time of control bile, whereas protein from controls had little effect. Hepatic bile protein concentrations were similar in persons with and without cholesterol gallstones. The gallbladder-to-hepatic bile ratios of a variety of solutes were examined. The ratio for protein in the cholesterol gallstone group can be explained straightforwardly by water reabsorption in the gallbladder, whereas the very low ratio in patients without cholesterol gallstones suggests that their gallbladders reduce protein mass by a process such as protein absorption or degradation during water absorption in the gallbladder.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Spontaneous cholelithiasis in sheep: prevalence survey and analysis of gallstones and bile.

In an abattoir survey of the consecutive series of 206 sheep at a local slaughterhouse, gallstones (concretions with a diameter equal to or greater than 1 mm) were found in the gall bladder of 24 animals. There were stones in 19 out of 146 adult sheep and in 5 out of 60 lambs, with the higher frequency in the male sex in both groups. Qualitative analysis of the stones showed that all of them were pigment (bilirubin) stones. There was no statistically significant difference (paired t test, P greater than 0.05) between the amounts of biliary cholesterol, phospholipids, bile acids and total and indirect bilirubin in 12 sheep with gallstones and 12 control sheep without gallstones, paired for age, sex and day of slaughter.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Choledochal cyst with cholelithiasis: 15-yr follow-up.

A 15-yr-old boy, who had had surgery for a choledochal cyst in infancy, was worked up for recurrent right upper quandrant pair. Intravenous cholangiogram and ultrasound demonstrated a choledochal cyst with stones. Angiogram showed only a distorted branch of the gastro-duodenal artery. These findings were confirmed at surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of cholelithiasis.

Several factors are involved in the development of gallstone formation: formation of supersaturated bile; nucleation; formation, retention and adhesion of cholesterol crystals and eventually stone growth. The dynamics of the gallbladder may play a key role in the overall process. The pathophysiologic theory of cholesterol gallstone formation and the knowledge of their physico-chemical properties support the modern concept of gallstone therapy. Chenodeoxycholic and ursodeoxycholic have been widely used as cholesterol gallstone dissolving agents and evaluated in terms of efficacy and safety.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1991

The prevention of cholelithiasis with infused sodium chenodeoxycholate in the prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus).

1. This study examines the efficacy of infused sodium chenodeoxycholate to prevent cholesterol gallstone formation in the prairie dog when fed a high cholesterol diet. 2. Three experimental groups were designed to examine this. The first group (N = 5) was fed a normal rat chow diet, the second group (N = 5) was fed a high cholesterol diet (0.4% cholesterol by weight), and the third group (N = 5) was fed a high cholesterol diet plus given a daily injection of intravenous sodium chenodeoxycholate (15 mg/kg). 3. All of the animals in the second group had cholesterol crystals and cholesterol gallstones. In the third group, none of the animals had gallstones, and all but one lacked cholesterol crystals. 4. Statistical analysis showed that the first and third groups were statistically identical in their lithogenic indices and biliary lipid composition. 5. We concluded that infused sodium chenodeoxycholate is effective in preventing cholesterol gallstone formation in the prairie dog when fed a high cholesterol diet.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2004

Extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis is associated with an increased incidence of cholelithiasis.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The effect of portal flow deprivation to the liver on bile composition and the biliary system remains undefined in children. This report catalogues the authors' experience with biliary tract problems in children with extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis (EHPVT). METHODS: Twenty-nine children with symptomatic idiopathic EHPVT were evaluated for the Rex shunt procedure (mesenterico-left portal bypass) over a 4-year period. The authors retrospectively reviewed all operative reports and pre- and postoperative abdominal ultrasound findings with regard to associated congenital anomalies and abnormal biliary tract findings. RESULTS: Seven of the 29 patients with EHPVT (24%) had associated nonbiliary congenital abnormalities. Twenty-four of 29 (83%) patients had detectable biliary tract pathology by ultrasound examination. Biliary symptoms developed in 3 of the 9 (33%) patients with either stones or sludge (10.3% of all patients). Two patients were treated by cholecystectomy. There was no statistical correlation between biliary tract pathology and the age of presentation, symptoms of portal hypertension, gender, or underlying medical condition. CONCLUSIONS: The authors have noted a high incidence of biliary tract pathology in patients with EHPVT compared with the normal population and a 10% incidence of symptomatic biliary pathology in this series.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗