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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Cerebral coenurosis. Report of a case with arteritis.

A case of the unusual clinical condition of cerebral coenurosis, the unique parasitic disease that is localized only in the CNS, is reported. The patient had repeated attacks of transient hemiparesis due to intracranial arteritis which was demonstrated by several angiographic studies. The CSF showed a discreet lymphocytosis and increased immunoglobulins. This inflammatory reaction which preceeded the manifestations of the intracranial mass can be explained by the parasitic foreign bodies, the liberation of somatic and metabolic parasitic toxins and the immunological reaction of the organism. The arteritis of the basal intracranial vessels was probably secondary to the inflammatory reaction of the leptomeninges. In presence of the rare association of meningovascular disease and an expanding intracranial lesion a parasitic condition due to a larval stage of Cestodes (Hydatidosis, Cysticercosis, Coenurosis) should be always considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The ant, Pachycondyla sennaarensis (Mayr) as an intermediate host for the poultry cestode, Raillietina tetragona (Molin).

The role of several species of ants as intermediate hosts for poultry cestodes in the Sudan was investigated by a search for cysticercoids in specimens from poultry houses in various localities in the country. Pachycondyla sennaarensis, Messor galla and Acantholepis sp. were the only species collected from the areas surveyed. All these ants were examined for cysticercoids of poultry tapeworms but only P. sennaarensis was found to carry cysticercoids, all of which were identical to those of the poultry cestode, Raillietina tetragona. This tapeworm was recovered from all chicks fed the cysticercoids obtained from P. sennaarensis. R. tetragona cysticercoids were present in 63.3% of the P. sennaarensis sampled with 1-40 cysticercoids per ant, which is the heaviest recorded infestation of an ant species with these cysticeroids.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The efficacy of praziquantel against cestodes in animals.

Praziquantel (EMBAY 8440, Droncit) is a new type of acylated isoquinoline-pyrazine. A single oral or subcutaneous dose of the compound is reliably effective against juvenile and adult cestodes in mice and rats. For the first time, with praziquantel a compound is available that is also effective on cestodes in the bile-duct. Using Hymenolepis nana in mice we were able to show that age, sex, strain and intensity of infestation of the host have no influence on the efficacy. The onset of the effect of praziquantel in vivo is rapid. Within 10 min the parasites were immobilized and contracted and excreted within a few hours with the faeces.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The effect of lentinan on the resistance of mice to Mesocestoides corti.

CBA/H mice were given the immunomodulator lentinan in multiple, ascending doses before (prophylactic) or after (therapeutic) inoculation with tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides corti or as a single prophylactic dose. The latter was without effect, but increasing multiple prophylactic and therapeutic doses of lentinan resulted in a marked reduction in the numbers of parasites in the peritoneal cavity, particularly in those mice that received lentinan therapeutically. In mice that received multiple doses of lentinan, liver granulomas were larger than in controls and there was more collagen deposition and fibrosis. Encapsulated parasites were dead or dying, and such damage appeared to be mediated by increased numbers of macrophages and giant cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The fine structure of the embryonic envelopes before and after hatching in bothriocephalids: physiological and ecological significance.

The fine structure and differentiation of the embryonic envelopes before and after hatching in two bothriocephalid species of teleostean fish are described. Scanning electron microscopic observation of the egg surface confirmed the specific ornamentation of the capsule. Its thickness and topographic morphology reflect the physiocochemical characteristics of the environment. Beneath the eggshell, two syncytial layers were observed around the oncosphere. The outer envelope, visible during the preoncospheral phase, degenerated before the liberation of the coracidium. Glycoconjugate labelling confirmed the nutritive character of this layer. After hatching, the inner envelope was the only layer covering the oncosphere. The apical plasma membrane of the coracidial sheath bore cilia and numerous clublike microvilli. Beneath the cortical zone, the syncytial cytoplasm was vacuolated, resembling a honeycomb; the electron-dense zone, described from other pseudophyllideans, was not present. The basal membrane of the inner envelope, uniformly electron-dense, was assimilated by the oncospheral membrane. Comparison of the composition of the embryonic envelopes of pseudophyllideans with those of other tapeworm orders and trematodes revealed ontogenetic, structural and functional similarities between the embryotrophic layers. The physiological and ecological significance of the structure of the free-swimming coracidium is discussed. In this respect, the inner envelope around the oncosphere appears to be responsible for the inability of the larva to detect and invade the intermediate host.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

An ontogenetic study of the cholinergic and serotoninergic nervous systems in Trilocularia acanthiaevulgaris (Cestoda, Tetraphyllidea).

The localisation and distribution of the cholinergic and serotoninergic components of the nervous system in the plerocercoid, adult and free proglottis stages of the tetraphyllidean tapeworm Trilocularia acanthiavulgaris were determined by enzyme histochemical and immunocytochemical techniques. The central nerve ring (CNR) in the scolex contains two lateral ganglia and gives rise to five pairs of longitudinal nerve cords (LNC's; three lateral, two median). The nerve cords run posteriorly throughout the bodies of the plerocercoid and adult worms and the free proglottis. Nerves from the CNR and accessory lateral LNC's pass to the bothridia, where they give rise to extensive nerve plexuses. As the individual proglottides develop along the strobila, a small nerve ring forms at the anterior end of each proglottis; within the nerve ring, distinct bilateral ganglia develop prior to the release of the proglottis. All ten LNC's are present in the free proglottis. The genital atrium and cirrus sac are innervated by cholinergic and serotoninergic elements. The cholinergic nervous system predominates in the CNS within the scolex, whereas there is a larger population of 5-HT-immunoreactive nerve cells associated with the LNC's and segmental ganglia along the strobila and within the free proglottis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Nuclear bodies in the egg cells of a Gyrodactylus species (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea).

The presence and ultrastructure of distinctive nuclear bodies in a mature 'egg cell' of a Gyrodactylus sp. are described. These electron-dense granular bodies, which appear in section as open or closed rings or as a solid mass are not membrane-bound and lie in clusters close to the nucleolus. The nuclear bodies are compared with the nuclear-inclusion bodies previously reported in platyhelminths. The possible origin, significance and role of the nuclear bodies in this Gyrodactylus sp. are discussed.

Animals↗